MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Dental Hygiene Program
Pharmacology – DHG 225
Module 1 Competencies
Introduction to Pharmacology
1.1.
Define Pharmacology
1.2
Discuss the scope of pharmacology
1.3
Describe the sources of drug information
1.3.1
Describe the type of information available in
1.3.1.1 The Homeopathic Pharmacopeia
1.3.1.2 pharmacology textbooks
1.3.1.3 medicine textbooks
1.3.1.4 PDR
1.3.1.5 Internet
1.4.
State the four sources of drugs used in drug production today.
1.5
List the regulatory agencies responsible for drugs;
1.6
Discuss prescription and nonprescription drugs.
1.7
Identify and discuss the components of a prescription
1.8
Define common abbreviations used in prescription writing.
1.9
Define the following terms:
1.9.1 drug
1.9.2 toxicology
1.9.3 chemical name
1.9.4 generic name
1.9.5 trade or brand name
1.10
Describe the steps followed by a pharmaceutical company to obtain FDA approval to
market a drug
1.11
Describe the role of the FDA and the Orange Book
1.12
Distinguish the difference between a prescription drug and OTC drug, homeopathic drug,
dietary supplement and controlled drug
1.13
Describe the extent of the prescribing authority of a M.D. or a D.O. and a D.D.S. or
D.D.M.
1. 14 Describe the role of drugs in dental practice.
1. 15 List 3 trade names for:
1.15.1 lidocaine
1.15.2 mepivacaine
1.15.3 acetaminophen
1.15.4 ibuprofen
1.16. Describe the 5 schedules of controlled substances as defined by the federal government.
1.17
Describe the FDA pregnancy warning system for drugs
1.18
Describe the breast-feeding warning for drugs by the FDA.
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Discuss the mechanisms by which the body responds to drugs.
Define pharmacodynamics
List 4 ways that drugs usually work within the human body.
Discuss the concept of receptors sites
Define agonist and antagonist as it relates to pharmacology
Discuss drug-enzyme interactions
Define selective toxicity
Discuss factors effecting pharmacokinetics of a drug; (absorption, transport, metabolism,
excretion)
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
Define:
1.8.1 Critical concentration
1.8.2 Loading dose
1.8.3 Dynamic equilibrium
1.8.4 First pass effect
1.8.5 Passive diffusion
1.8.6 Active transport
1.8.7 Protein binding
Discuss the concept of the blood-brain barrier
Discuss the effect of drugs on the placenta and breast milk
Discuss the concept of half-life
Discuss the impact the following factors have on drug effects
2.12.1 Weight
2.12.2 Age
2.12.3 Gender
2.12.4 Physiological effects
2.12.5 Pathologic factors
2.12.6 Genetic factors
2.13.7 Immunological factors
2.13.8 Psychological factors
2.13.9 Environmental factors
2.13.10 Tolerance
2.14.11 Cummulation
Discuss the impact that drug-drug/alternative therapies may have on the effectiveness of a
drug or drugs.
Discuss the effect food may have on drug effectiveness (drug-food interaction).
Discuss drug-laboratory interactions.
Discuss various types of dosage forms.
Define adverse effects,
State four reasons why an adverse effect may occur.
Define and discuss the following terms:
2.21.1 Primary actions
2.21.2 Secondary actions
2.21.3 Hypersensitivity
2.21.4 Drug allergy
2.22.5 Drug-induced Tissue/organ damage
Discuss the following manifestations of an adverse reaction:
2.23.1 Dermatologic reactions
2.23.2 Blood dyscrasia
2.23.3 Toxicity
2.23.4 Alterations in glucose metabolism
2.23.5 Electrolyte imbalance
2.23.6 Sensory effects
2.23.7 Neurologic effects
2.23.8 Teratogenicity
Describe the shape and meaning of a dose-effect (response) curve
Define drug potency and how it affects the dose of a drug.
Describe how a drug is distributed throughout the body
Describe the role of the liver’s enzymes in metabolism
Describe how are drugs eliminated from the body
Discuss how the physical and chemical forms of a drug affect its ability for use in
particular dosage forms
2.30 List two advantages and disadvantages for each dosage form of drugs
2.30.1 oral
2.30.2 sublingual
2.30.3 intravenous
2.30.4 intramuscular
2.30.5 percutaneous (transdermal)
2.30.6 oral inhalation
2.30.7 nasal inhalation
2.30.8 rectal suppository
2.30.9 vaginal suppository, cream or foam
2.30.10 topical cream or ointment
3.
3.1
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Discuss the factors that a dental hygienist needs to consider when evaluating a patient’s
drug history.
Demonstrate an understanding of the effects drugs may have on the provision of oral
health care as well as the oral health of clinical patients and modify treatment
appropriately.
Discuss drug therapy in the 21st century.
Explain how the following is affecting consumer awareness
4.1.1 Media
4.1.2 Internet
4.1.3 OTC drugs
4.1.4 Self-care
Discuss the role of alternative therapies and herbal medicine in health care
Define off-label use
Discuss the impact the cost of health care has on the population
Discuss the impact of drug abuse on the delivery of health care.
State common street names, drug class and health consequences of the following
commonly abused drugs:
4.6.1 Amphetamines
4.6.2 Amyl nitrate
4.6.3 Anabolic steroids
4.6.4 Barbiturates
4.6.5 Benzodiazepines
4.6.6 Cannabis
4.6.7 Cocaine
4.6.8 Fentanyl
4.6.9 Gamma hydroxybutyrate
4.6.10 Heroin
4.6.11 Ketamine
4.6.12 LSD
4.6.13 MDA
4.6.14 Methamphetamine
4.6.15 Methylphenidate
4.6.16 Morphine
4.6.17 OxyContin
4.6.18 PCP
4.6.19 Peyote