1. A child was born with numerous defects of external and internal organs - heart, kidney, digestive system in a maternity hospital. Down’s syndrome was diagnosed. What method of investigation may confirm this diagnosis?
A. Cytogenetic method
B. Biochemical method
C. Genealogical method
D. Population-statistical method
E. Twins’s method
ANSWER: A
2. Disorders of higher nervous activity and coordination of movements in the conditions of increased atmospheric pressure action associated to the toxic action on neurons of:
A. Nitrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Dioxide carbon
D. Indole
E. Ammonia
ANSWER: A
3. Indicate a term from the beginning of clinical death in which the reanimation of organism is possible and expedient
A. At the latest in 5 min
B. At the latest in 25 min
C. At the latest in 40 min
D. At the latest in 60 min
E. At the latest in 15 min
ANSWER: A
4. Indicate the pathogenic principle of phenylketonuria treatment:
A. Limitation of phenylalanine in diet
B. Addition of phenylalanine to diet
C. Removal of galactose from diet
D. Removal of fructose from diet
E. Addition of galactose to diet
ANSWER: A
5. Low growth, absence of signs of the sexual inmature, wide shoulders, short neck are marked in girl 15 years old with normal mental development. What disease may be suspected?
A. Turner’s syndrome
B. Down’s syndrome
C. Edvards syndrome
D. Kleinfelter’s syndrome
E. Patau syndrome
ANSWER: A
6. Low growth, insufficient physical development, wide thyroid thorax, genital infantilism was detected during inspection of a patient. A sexual chromatin is not determined in the cells of buccal epithelium. Your conclusion:
A. Turner’s syndrome
B. Kleinfelter’s syndrome
C. X -Trisomy
D. Down’s syndrome
E. Patau syndrome
ANSWER: A
7. Mental retardation, eunuchoidism, karyotype 47, XXY were revealed during clinical and laboratory examination of the patient. The diagnosis of what inherited illness may diagnose in the patient?
A. Kleinfelter’s syndrome
B. X -Trisomy
C. Turner’s syndrome
D. Patau syndrome
E. Down’s syndrome
ANSWER: A
8. Name the state of organism when pulse and breathing are absent but the metabolism is saved on a minimum level:
A. Clinical death
B. Agony
C. Preagony
D. Collapse
E. Biological death
ANSWER: A
9. What disease it is possible to diagnose using the investigation of amniotic fluid?
A. Chromosomal illnesses
B. Infectious diseases
C. Allergic diseases
D. Professional illnesses
E. Parasitic illnesses
ANSWER: A
10. What does take place in the human organism in case of depressurization of airplane at the height 12 000 m?
A. Gas embolism
B. Increase of body temperature
C. Increase of heart rate
D. Decreasing of respiratory movements frequency
E. Violation of muscular coordination
ANSWER: A
11. What from the following diseases is inherited X-linked type?
A. Colour blindness
B. Polydactylism
C. Galactosemia
D. Tyrosinosis
E. Phenylketonuria
ANSWER: A
12. What is the basic method of pathophysiology?
A. Experiment
B. Method of placebo introduction
C. Method of data processing
D. Genealogical method
E. Randomization
ANSWER: A
13. Why do the symptoms of the caisson disease appear after the forced rapid raising of diver from depth on surface?
A. Due to gas embolism
B. Due to air embolism
C. Due to tissue embolism
D. Due to thromboembolism
E. Due to fatty embolism
ANSWER: A
14. Asthenic type of diathesis is characterised by
A. Progeria
B. Propensity to allergy reactions
C. Prolapsus of internal organs
D. Propensity to joints deforming diseases
E. Propensity to suicide
ANSWER: C
15. Chornorutsky’s classification of people constitution types is based on determination of
A. Costal arcs angle size
B. Features of connective tissue structure
C. Phagocytosis activity
D. Immune system activity
E. Type of temperament
ANSWER: A

16. Co-operating of macrophage with what cell of the immune system does activate of immune phagocytosis?
A. T-suppressor
B. T-helper
C. T-killer
D. B-lymphocyte
E. Natural killer
ANSWER: B
17. Co-operation of what cells is necessary for realization of immune phagocytosis?
A. T-helper and T-suppressor
B. T-helper and T-killer
C. Neutrophil and macrophage
D. Macrophage and T-helper
E. B-lymphocyte and T-killer
ANSWER: D
18. Formation of people group according to constitution types by Sigo is based on
A. Features of connective tissue structure
B. Features of functional activity of organs
C. Features of body structure
D. Central nervous system activity
E. Type of temperament
ANSWER: C
19. Group of macrophages includes
A. Neutrophils
B. Erhythrecytes
C. Lymphocytes
D. Thrombocytes
E. Monocytes
ANSWER: E
20. High reactivity of man organism is named
A. Аnergy
B. Hypoergy
C. Synergy
D. Dizergy
E. Hyperergy
ANSWER: E
21. Hippocrates divided people into constitutional types due to differentiation of
A. Costal arcs angle size difference
B. Features of connective tissue structure
C. Features of body structure
D. Temperament type
E. Features of cardio-vascular system functions
ANSWER: D
22. Hypothermia using for the increase of organism’s resistance to hypoxia is necessary for
A. Hypokinesia prevention
B. Traning to space travel
C. Treatment of burns
D. Hypovitaminosis prevention
E. Organs transplantations
ANSWER: E
23. Interleukin-1is the product of vital functions of activated
A. Enterocytes
B. Thrombocytes
C. Neurons
D. Myocytes
E. Мonocetes
ANSWER: E
24. The functions of mononuclear phagocytes system in a central nervous system have
A. Histiocytes
B. Neurons of hypothalamus
C. Dendrotcytes
D. Pyramide cells
E. Neuroglial cells
ANSWER: E
25. The inherited defect of lysosomes formation in phagocytes is typical for
A. Down’s syndrome
B. Alder’s syndrome
C. Chronic granulomatosis
D. Congenital neutropenia
E. Chediak-Higasy’s syndrome
ANSWER: E
26. The manifestations of specific individual reactivity depend on activity of some system, namely
A. Сardiovascular
B. Immune
C. Digestive
D. Nervous
E. Endocrine
ANSWER: B
27. The mononuclear phagocytes system in spleen is presented by
A. Histiocytes
B. Peritoneal macrophages
C. Alveolar macrophages
D. Fixed macrophages
E. Plasmocytes
ANSWER: D
28. The mononuclear phagocytes system includes
A. Endotheliocyte
B. Enterocyte
C. Dendrocyte
D. Plasmocyte
E. Alveolar macrophage
ANSWER: E
29. The stage of adhesion in the reaction of phagocytosis is after the stage of
A. Digestion
B. Absorption
C. Excretion
D. Transformations
E. Approaching
ANSWER: E
30. To external barrier as the protective mechanisms of reactivity belong
A. Skin and capillaries
B. Skin and mucous membranes
C. Mucous membranes and aorta
D. Spleen and brain
E. Lymph nodes and muscles
ANSWER: B
31. Violation permeability of what kind histohematic barrier does provoke autoimmune damage of a brain?
A. Hematothyreoid
B. Hematoovarial
C. Hematotestical
D. Hematoophtalmic
E. Hematoencephalic
ANSWER: E
32. What age human is most resistance to hypoxia?
A. Teenage
B. Child
C. Adult
D. After teenage
E. Senile
ANSWER: C
33. What barrier permeability increase is the risk of fetus development violation?
A. Hematoencephalic
B. Hematoovarial
C. Hematotestical

D. Placenta
E. Hepatic
ANSWER: D
34. What type of diathesis is characterised by the prolapsus of internal organs?
A. Asthenic
B. Lympho-hypoplastic
C. Exsudate-catarrhal
D. Nervous-arthritic
E. Pathological
ANSWER: A
35. What type of reactivity is determined by a constitution?
A. Biological
B. Group
C. Specific
D. Individual
E. Immunological
ANSWER: D
36. What type of reactivity is determined by age and sex?
A. Individual
B. Specific
C. Biological
D. Pathological
E. Specific
ANSWER: A
37. What type of reactivity is diathesis?
A. Specific
B. Group
C. Individual
D. Biological
E. Immunological
ANSWER: C
38. What types of constitution were prescribed by
Hippocrates?
A. Athletic, pyknic, asthenic
B. Respiratory, digestive, muscular, brain
C. Normostenik, hyperstenic, hyporstenic
D. Choleric, sanguinic, phlegmatic, melancholic
E. Fibromatous, lipomatous, pastous, asthenic
ANSWER: D
39. Action of free radicals is compensated by the antioxidant system, where belongs
A. Histaminase
B. Acetylcholinesterase
C. Na+, K+-ATPase
D. Tyrosine kinase
E. Superoxide dismutase
ANSWER: E
40. After the action of damaging factors (high temperature, ionizing radiation) there is a sign of increased permeability of vascular walls (without their complete damage):
A. Large hemorrhages
B. Plethora
C. Sclerosis of vessels
D. Increase of elasticity of vessels
E. Diapedesis of erythrocytes
ANSWER: E
41. As a result of violation in the system of аntioxydant defence mitochondria are damaged. The most typical sign of mitochondrial damage is
A. Changes of synthesis of albumens
B. Аutolysis of tissues
C. Slow down of cellular division
D. Change of form of cells
E. Disconnection of oxidation and phosphorylation
ANSWER: E
42. At stress there is violation of lipid layer of membranes under an action
A. Triglycerides
B. Phosphatides
C. Lipoproteins
D. Chylomicrons
E. Fatty acids
ANSWER: E
43. Detergent action of free fatty acids on the lipid layer of membranes at diabetes develops as a result of
A. Delay of free fatty acids in a cells
B. Formation complexes free fatty acids with proteins
C. Disintegration of complex fats
D. Disorders of fatty oxidation
E. Excessive entry of free fatty acids into a cells
ANSWER: E
44. Different tissues of organism have different sensitiveness to action of ionizing rays. The most sensitive tissue is
A. Bone
B. Nervous
C. Muscular
D. Epithelial
E. Haematogenic
ANSWER: E
45. Due to metabolism the active forms of oxygen, including anion-radical of superoxide, appear in the organism. What enzyme does inactivate this anion?
A. Katalase
B. Glutationperoxydase
C. Glutationreductase
D. Peroxydase
E. Superoxyddismutase
ANSWER: E
46. Excess of calcium ions in a cytoplasm provoke
A. Activation of lipid peroxidation
B. Inhibition of phospholipase А2
C. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation
D. Intracellular acidosis
E. Activation of phospholipase А2
ANSWER: E
47. How many periods are there in clinical course of bonemarrow form of radiation disease?
A. II
B. I
C. III
D. V
E. IV
ANSWER: E
48. It is known that ionizing radiation of tissues leads to formation of the free radicals as a result of water radiolysis.
The action of free radicals is compensated by the antioxidant system that includes:
A. Acetylcholinesterase
B. Na+, K+-АТPаse
C. Histaminase
D. Tyrosinekinase
E. Superoxyddismutase
ANSWER: E
49. Lipids’ peroxydation is:
A. Oxidation of free fatty acids
B. Intestinal oxidation of lipids of meal
C. Oxidation of lypoproteins of blood
D. Oxidation of the saturated fatty acids
E. Oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids which are the components of phospholipids of membranes
ANSWER: E
50. Name the enzyme that does not provide antioxydant defence of the tissues:
A. superoxiddismutase
B. glutathionreductase

C. catalase
D. glutathionperoxydase
E. phospholypase А2
ANSWER: E
51. Primary pathogenic mechanism of tissue damage by ionizing radiation
A. Increased diffusion of Na ions in the tissue
B. Activating of phospholypase of cellular membranes
C. Accumulation of Ca ions in a cytoplasm
D. Intracellular
E. Formation of free radicals
ANSWER: E
52. Substance that temporarily increases permeability of microcirculatory vessels is:
A. Kalidine
B. Motiline
C. Glucagon
D. Protease
E. Histamine
ANSWER: E
53. The active forms of oxygen appear in human organism during the process of metabolism, including anion-radical superoxide. What enzyme does inactivate anion-radical superoxide?
A. Catalase
B. Glutathione peroxidase
C. Glutathione reductase
D. Peroxidase
E. Superoxide dismutase
ANSWER: E
54. The damage of lysosomes may have result
A. Oppression of antibodies formation
B. Decrease of ATP formation
C. Decrease of proteins synthesis
D. Development of fever
E. Autolysis of cells
ANSWER: E
55. The primary pathogenetic mechanism of cells damage by ionizing rays is related to
A. By the increased diffusion of Na+ into a cell
B. Activation phospholipase of cellular membranes
C. Accumulation of Са2+ in a cytoplasm
D. Intracellular acidosis
E. Formation of free radicals
ANSWER: E
56. Violation of lipid layer of membranes at stress develop us result of action
A. Triglycerides
B. Phospholipids
C. Lipoproteins
D. Chylomicrons
E. Fatty acids
ANSWER: E
57. What does lie in the basis of calcic mechanisms of cells damage?
A. Decrease concentrations of calcium in a cytoplasm
B. Increase level of calcium in the blood
C. Violation of calcium absorption in an intestines
D. Deficit of calcium in a food
E. Increase concentrations of calcium ions in a cytoplasm
ANSWER: E
58. What is the most important factor in pathogenesis of hemorrhagic syndrome at radiation damage?
A. anaemia
B. lymphopenia
C. leucocytosis
D. granulocytopenia
E. thrombocytopenia
ANSWER: E
59. What vitamin is an antioxidant?
A. РР
B. С
C. В12
D. В6
E. Е
ANSWER: E
60. What will be a result of somatic cells DNA damage?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Inflammation
C. Dystrophy
D. Atrophy
E. Tumor
ANSWER: E
61. A blood motion stop in the vessels of microcirculation mainly in the capillaries is named:
A. Atherosclerosis
B. Spasm
C. Angioneurosis
D. Sladge
E. Stasis
ANSWER: E
62. A skin will be a red color at
A. Atherosclerosis
B. Venous hyperemia
C. Ischemia
D. Stasis
E. Arterial hyperemia
ANSWER: E
63. Adhesion of red corpuscles to each other is named:
A. Stasis
B. Thrombosis
C. Hemolysis
D. Hypercoagulation
E. Sladge-phenomenon
ANSWER: E
64. Angiospastic ischemia appears at
A. Obturation of artery by a blood clot
B. Squeezing of artery by a tumour
C. At case of obliterating endarteritis
D. Squeezing of artery by a scar
E. Spasm of coronary vessels
ANSWER: E
65. Arterial hyperemia develops as a result of
A. Increase of blood outflow
B. Decrease of blood outflow
C. Decrease of blood filling
D. Stops of blood stream
E. Increase of blood filling
ANSWER: E
66. Cyanosis is typical for
A. Obliterating endarteritis
B. Arterial hyperemia
C. Angiospastic ischemia
D. Ischemic stasis
E. Venous hyperemia
ANSWER: E
67. Edema of tissues is accompanied:
A. Thrombosis
B. Ischemia
C. Hypoproteinemia
D. Arterial hypotension
E. Venous hyperemia
ANSWER: E
68. Edema of tissues is typical for
A. Ischemia
B. Thrombosis

C. Hyperproteinemia
D. All following
E. Venous hyperemia
ANSWER: E
69. Edema, cyanosis and local temperature decreasing of the traumatized hand are typical for:
A. Embolism
B. Arterial hyperemia
C. Ischemia
D. Thrombosis
E. Venous hyperemia
ANSWER: E
70. Fat embolism develops in case of
A. Caisson disease
B. Hypothalamic obesity
C. Consume of plenty of fat
D. Cirrhosis of liver
E. Fracture of tubular bones
ANSWER: E
71. Generalized coagulation of blood with violation of micricirculation and following exhaustion of hemostasis mechanisms and haemorrhage is named:
A. Infarction
B. Haemophilia
C. Thrombosis
D. Ischemia
E. DIC-syndrome
ANSWER: E
72. How does metabolism change at arterial hyperemia?
A. Decrease
B. Does not change
C. Relax
D. Stop
E. Increase
ANSWER: E
73. How does the diminished organ or tissue blood supply due to insufficient arterial blood inflow is named?
A. Arterial hyperemia
B. Thrombosis
C. Venous hyperemia
D. Embolism
E. Ischemia
ANSWER: E
74. Intravital blood or lymph coagulation in vessels and in heart is named:
A. Arterial hyperemia
B. Venous hyperemia
C. Ischemia
D. Stasis
E. Thrombosis
ANSWER: E
75. Ischemia of brain cortex is danger for the life when lasts above
A. 10 second
B. 30 second
C. 45 minute
D. 1 hour
E. 5 minute
ANSWER: E
76. Microthrombosis develops at the DIC-syndrome in a phase of
A. Recovery of vessels passability
B. Consumption coagulopathy
C. Activation of fibrinolysis
D. Residual effects
E. Hypercoagulation
ANSWER: E
77. Obturational ischemia arises up at
A. Actions of noradrenaline
B. Squeezing of artery by a tumour
C. Spasm of coronary vessels
D. At case of negative emotions
E. Obturation of artery by a blood clot
ANSWER: E
78. Pale colour of skin and decrease of local temperaturet are signs of
A. Arterial hyperemia
B. Venous hyperemia
C. Sladge
D. Lymphostasis
E. Ischemia
ANSWER: E
79. Physiological hyperemia develops at
A. Action of microbial toxins
B. Action of chemical compounds
C. Release of allergic mediators
D. Inflammatory reaction
E. Anger
ANSWER: E
80. The enlarged blood filling of organ due to enlarged blood inflowing through arterial vessels is named
A. Venous hyperemia
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Ischemia
D. Stasis
E. Arterial hyperemia
ANSWER: E
81. A necessary condition for development of fever is a change activity of neurons of center of termoregulation, which is located in
A. Parietal lobe
B. Frontal gyruses
C. Paracentral lobule
D. Cerebral cortex
E. Hypothalamus
ANSWER: E
82. At a high fever the body temperature is
A. 38-39 оC
B. 36,6 оC
C. 37-38 оC
D. More then 41 оC
E. 39-41 оC
ANSWER: E
83. At a hyperpyretic fever the temperature of body is
A. 36,6 оC
B. 37-38 оC
C. 38-39 оC
D. 39-41 оC
E. More then 41 оC
ANSWER: E
84. At a moderate fever the temperature of body is
A. 37-38 оC
B. 36,6 оC
C. 39-41 оC
D. More then 41 оC
E. 38-39 оC
ANSWER: E
85. At a subfebrile fever there is an increasing of body temperature to
A. 36,6 оC
B. 38-39 оC
C. 39-41 оC
D. More then 41 оC
E. 37-38 оC
ANSWER: E

86. Fever arises up at a change activity of certain structure of cerebrum neurons. Name it.
A. Parietal lobe
B. Frontal gyruses
C. Paracentral lobule
D. Cerebral cortex
E. Hypothalamus
ANSWER: E
87. Fever is a typical pathological process which arises on an action of
A. Chemical factors
B. Anpyrogenous factors
C. Psychical factors
D. Physical factors
E. Pyrogenous factors
ANSWER: E
88. Fever is accompanied by
A. Increasing of gastric juice secretion
B. Decreasing of heart rate
C. Depression breathings
D. Depression of antibodies formation
E. Increasing of heart rate
ANSWER: E
89. High body temperature is a result of action of microbal pyrogen. How is this typical pathological process named?
A. Infection process
B. Adaptation syndrome
C. Intoxication
D. Hypertermia
E. Fever
ANSWER: E
90. How do the processes of termoregulation change in the second stage of fever?
A. Termoregulation does not change
B. Heat production decreases
C. Heat loss decreases
D. Heat loss increases
E. Heat loss is equal heat production
ANSWER: E
91. How do the processes of termoregulation change in the third stage of fever?
A. Heat production increases
B. Heat loss is equal heat production
C. Heat loss decreases
D. Termoregulation does not change
E. Heat loss increases
ANSWER: E
92. How does primary pyrogen predetermin development of fever?
A. Stimulate of prostaglandin Е2 formation
B. Influense on the neurons of thermoregulation center
C. Disorder processes of oxidization and phosphorylating
D. ATP stimulates
E. Stimulate formation of second pyrogenous
ANSWER: E
93. How is a typical pathological process named, when a high body temperature is a result of action of microbal pyrogen?
A. Infection process
B. Adaptation syndrome
C. Intoxication
D. Hypertermia
E. Fever
ANSWER: E
94. Primary pyrogenous, which gets in an organism together with an exciter and enters in the complement of bacterial cells, is
A. Fatty acids
B. Acids
C. Thyroid hormones
D. Phosphotides
E. Lipoid A
ANSWER: E
95. The center of termoregulation is located in
A. Frontal gyruses
B. Parietal lobe
C. Paracentral lobule
D. Cerebral cortex
E. Hypothalamus
ANSWER: E
96. The increase of temperature of body on 1 оC is accompanied with the increase of frequency of pulse on
A. 1 per minute
B. 30 per minute
C. 20 per minute
D. 3 per minute
E. 10 per minute
ANSWER: E
97. The synthesis of interleukin-1 is inducted by
A. Serotonin
B. Interferon
C. Immunoglobulin
D. Prostaglandines
E. Lipoid A
ANSWER: E
98. Acidosis in area inflammation stipulated by accumulation
A. Lactic acid
B. Fatty acid
C. Aminoacid
D. Phosphoric acid
E. Pyruvic acid
ANSWER: A
99. Indicate what mediator of inflammation must be inhibited for decrease of exudation
A. Histamine
B. Catecholamine
C. Heparin
D. Thromboxan
E. Interleukin-1
ANSWER: A
100. Inflammation - it is a reaction of
A. Damage
B. Mutation
C. Irritation
D. Apoptosis
E. Hypoxia
ANSWER: A