NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company and Industry Analysis To determine the financial condition or health of a company, at least three types of analysis are performed: an analysis of the company over time; an analysis of the company compared to its major competitors; and, an analysis of the company compared to the industry in which it operates. For example, in addition to an analysis of the company over time, analysts would compare CocaCola and Pepsi-Co directly to each other, as well as each company to the soft drink industry. Analysts would do the same for Dell Computers and Gateway, Lowe’s and Home Depot, Staples and Office Depot, and virtually every company and that company’s major competitor. In this activity, you will be able to determine if the company’s financial condition has improved or worsened, or remained the same, from one year to the next. Then, you will compare the three companies to determine which company in better financial condition. The companies you will analyze are NIKE, Addidas and Reebok. To compare companies to the industry in which they operate, financial ratios for the industry are needed. Financial ratios for companies in an industry are aggregated using standard industry codes, “SICs” The SICs for NIKE, Adidas and Reebok are listed below, as is a description of each code. There is more than one SIC for each company because each company manufactures a variety of products—footwear, men’s clothing, women’s clothing, etc.—that fall within different industry codes. The fact that companies such as NIKE, Adidas, Reebok and many others manufacture and sell a variety of products makes an analysis of their financial statements and comparisons to other companies a difficult task. Standard or average financial ratios and other measures are prepared according to industry; industry categories are in turn based on products manufactured or sold, for example footwear, or clothing. For companies that sell or manufacture products that fall into more than one and sometimes varied industry categories, analyzing and comparing those companies becomes complex, since most companies do not provide financial figures for product lines but for the company as a whole. For example, although all three companies are similar from a consumer perspective, NIKE and Adidas have a primary SIC of 3021, Rubber & Plastic Footwear Manufacturing, while Reebok has a primary SIC of 3149, Footwear, Except Rubber Manufacturing. All, however, also have in common the following SICs: 2329, Men & Boys Clothing Manufacturing, 2339; Women’s Misses & Juniors Outerwear Manufacturing, and 5139; Footwear Wholesale. (See charts below) Page 1 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Resources: The following resources provide industry and company data, such as SICs, to facilitate comparisons of companies: The Department of Commerce Financial Report Robert Morris Associates Annual Statement Studies Annual Statement Studies Standard & Poor’s Industry Surveys Industry Surveys Almanac of Business and Industrial Financial Ratios Industry Norms and Key Business Ratios Value Line Investment Service In addition, the Money section of www.msn.com provides Industry Ratios. Within the Money section, click on “Stocks,” then “Research” and then “Key Ratios.” Financial ratios and data for the company and the industry in which it operates are presented, as well as for the S&P 500. (The direct link is: http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/hilite.asp) Page 2 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Standards Industry Codes (SICs) for NIKE, Adidas and Reebok Standard Industry Code 3021 3149 2329 2339 5139 SIC 1 SIC 2 SIC 3 SIC 4 Description Rubber & Plastic Footwear Manufacturing Footwear, Except Rubber Manufacturing Men & Boys Clothing Manufacturing Women’s Misses & Juniors Outerwear Manufacturing Footwear Wholesale NIKE 3021 2329 2339 5139 Adidas 3021 2339 2329 5139 Reebok 3149 2329 2339 5139 To view the entire list of SICs, visit the SIC section of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) web site: http://www.sec.gov/info/edgar/siccodes.htm In addition, more information is available on Webster’s Online Business Directory at www.webstersonline.com, or http://www.webstersonline.com/siclist.asp or http://www.webstersonline.com/sic-details.asp#23 Page 3 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok PART I – INDIVIDUAL COMPANY ANALYSIS The objective is to analyze three companies (NIKE/Adidas/Reebok) and determine for each company the year in which the company was in a better financial condition. This will determine the financial trend of the company—whether it has improved or worsened, or remained the same, from one year to the next. STEP 1: For each company, calculate the financial ratios for the most current year and the prior year in each category. For each ratio, award 1 point for the year—current or prior—in which the ratio was better. Total the points awarded in each category—profitability, liquidity, debt and productivity. A maximum of 15 points can be awarded for a particular year. The maximum per category is: Profitability – 3 points Liquidity – 7 points Debt – 3 points Productivity – 2 points Complete the short-answer questions that follow each section. STEP 2: Copy the total for each category to the Summary table, and calculate the total points awarded for each year. STEP 3: Use your calculations to assess each company’s financial position or condition in each year. Write a summary that states the year the company’s financial condition was better and an explanation based on your analysis. Page 4 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: NIKE PROFITABILITY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Gross Profit Margin Operating Profit Margin Net Profit Margin Total Points – Profitability Profitability Analysis In which year was the company more profitable? Is the trend in profitability favorable or unfavorable? Is cost of sales increasing or decreasing as a percentage of sales? Is operating expenses or selling, general and administrative expenses increasing or decreasing as a percentage of sales? Page 5 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: NIKE LIQUIDITY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Current Ratio Quick Ratio Cash Ratio Working Capital Inventory Turnover (Days) Accounts Receivable Turnover (Days) Operating Cycle (Days) Total Points - Liquidity Liquidity Analysis In which year was the company more liquid? Is the trend in liquidity favorable or unfavorable? Which is shorter, the inventory turnover or accounts receivable turnover? Is it taking more days or less to sell inventory? Is it taking more days or less to collect accounts receivable? Is the operating cycle getting longer or shorter? Why is the operating cycle is getting longer or shorter? Which is better—the operating cycle or the current, quick and cash ratios? Page 6 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: NIKE DEBT POSITION Current Year Points Prior Year Points Debt Ratio Long-term Debt Ratio TIE Total Points – Debt Position Debt Analysis In which year is the company’s debt position better? Is the trend in debt position favorable or unfavorable? In which year is the company’s ability to pay interest better? Does the company have more short-term debt (current liabilities) or more long-term debt? Explain why. Why is the company’s debt ratio and long-term debt ratio is increasing (decreasing)? Page 7 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: NIKE ASSET PRODUCTIVITY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Net Profit Margin Total Asset Turnover DuPont Return on Assets Total Points - Productivity Asset Productivity Analysis In which year did the company’s assets generate more sales? Is the trend in total asset turnover favorable or unfavorable? In which year did the company have a greater return on assets? Is the trend in return on assets favorable or unfavorable? Which is more significant in driving the company’s return on assets—profit margin or asset turnover? Explain why. Page 8 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: NIKE SUMMARY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Profitability Liquidity Debt Position Asset Productivity Total Points Overall Financial Condition Analysis In which year is the company’s financial condition better? Is the company’s overall financial condition improving? Explain why. In which financial areas is the company improving? Page 9 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: Adidas PROFITABILITY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Gross Profit Margin Operating Profit Margin Net Profit Margin Total Points – Profitability Profitability Analysis In which year was the company more profitable? Is the trend in profitability favorable or unfavorable? Is cost of sales increasing or decreasing as a percentage of sales? Is operating expenses or selling, general and administrative expenses increasing or decreasing as a percentage of sales? Page 10 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: Adidas LIQUIDITY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Current Ratio Quick Ratio Cash Ratio Inventory Turnover (Days) Accounts Receivable Turnover (Days) Total Points - Liquidity Liquidity Analysis In which year was the company more liquid? Is the trend in liquidity favorable or unfavorable? Which is shorter, the inventory turnover or accounts receivable turnover? Is it taking more days or less to sell inventory? Is it taking more days or less to collect accounts receivable? Is the operating cycle getting longer or shorter? Why is the operating cycle is getting longer or shorter? Which is better—the operating cycle or the current, quick and cash ratios? Page 11 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: Adidas DEBT POSITION Current Year Points Prior Year Points Debt Ratio Long-term Debt Ratio TIE Total Points – Debt Position Debt Analysis In which year is the company’s debt position better? Is the trend in debt position favorable or unfavorable? In which year is the company’s ability to pay interest better? Does the company have more short-term debt (current liabilities) or more long-term debt? Explain why. Why is the company’s debt ratio and long-term debt ratio is increasing (decreasing)? Page 12 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: Adidas ASSET PRODUCTIVITY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Net Profit Margin Total Asset Turnover DuPont Return on Assets Total Points - Productivity Asset Productivity Analysis In which year did the company’s assets generate more sales? Is the trend in total asset turnover favorable or unfavorable? In which year did the company have a greater return on assets? Is the trend in return on assets favorable or unfavorable? Which is more significant in driving the company’s return on assets—profit margin or asset turnover? Explain why. Page 13 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: Adidas SUMMARY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Profitability Liquidity Debt Position Asset Productivity Total Points Overall Financial Condition Analysis In which year is the company’s financial condition better? Is the company’s overall financial condition improving? Explain why. In which financial areas is the company improving? Page 14 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: Reebok PROFITABILITY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Gross Profit Margin Operating Profit Margin Net Profit Margin Total Points – Profitability Profitability Analysis In which year was the company more profitable? Is the trend in profitability favorable or unfavorable? Is cost of sales increasing or decreasing as a percentage of sales? Is operating expenses or selling, general and administrative expenses increasing or decreasing as a percentage of sales? Page 15 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: Reebok LIQUIDITY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Current Ratio Quick Ratio Cash Ratio Working Capital Inventory Turnover (Days) Accounts Receivable Turnover (Days) Operating Cycle (Days) Total Points - Liquidity Liquidity Analysis In which year was the company more liquid? Is the trend in liquidity favorable or unfavorable? Which is shorter, the inventory turnover or accounts receivable turnover? Is it taking more days or less to sell inventory? Is it taking more days or less to collect accounts receivable? Is the operating cycle getting longer or shorter? Why is the operating cycle is getting longer or shorter? Which is better—the operating cycle or the current, quick and cash ratios? Page 16 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: Reebok DEBT POSITION Current Year Points Prior Year Points Debt Ratio Long-term Debt Ratio TIE Total Points – Debt Position Debt Analysis In which year is the company’s debt position better? Is the trend in debt position favorable or unfavorable? In which year is the company’s ability to pay interest better? Does the company have more short-term debt (current liabilities) or more long-term debt? Explain why. Why is the company’s debt ratio and long-term debt ratio is increasing (decreasing)? Page 17 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: Reebok ASSET PRODUCTIVITY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Net Profit Margin Total Asset Turnover DuPont Return on Assets Total Points - Productivity Asset Productivity Analysis In which year did the company’s assets generate more sales? Is the trend in total asset turnover favorable or unfavorable? In which year did the company have a greater return on assets? Is the trend in return on assets favorable or unfavorable? Which is more significant in driving the company’s return on assets—profit margin or asset turnover? Explain why. Page 18 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Company Analysis: Reebok SUMMARY Current Year Points Prior Year Points Profitability Liquidity Debt Position Asset Productivity Total Points Overall Financial Condition Analysis In which year is the company’s financial condition better? Is the company’s overall financial condition improving? Explain why. In which financial areas is the company improving? Page 19 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok PART II – INDUSTRY & /MAJOR COMPETITOR ANALYSIS The objective is to analyze each company and determine which company is in better financial condition, for the current fiscal year and the prior year. STEP 1: Use the ratios calculated in Part I. For each ratio, award 3 points to the company with the best financial ratio. If the “Industry” ratio is the best, award 3 points to the “Industry.” Award 2 points to the company—or industry—with the second best ratio, and so on. The company, or the industry, that has the worst ratio receives 0 points. Total the points awarded in each category—profitability, liquidity, debt and asset productivity. A maximum of 45 points can be awarded for a particular year. The maximum per category is: Profitability – 9 points Liquidity – 21 points Debt – 9 points Productivity – 6 points Answer the short-answer questions that follow each section. STEP 2: Copy the total for each category to the Summary table, and calculate the total points awarded for each company and the industry. STEP 3: Use your calculations to assess the company’s financial position relative to each other and to the industry. Write a summary that compares the financial condition of the companies, addressing each company in terms of profitability, liquidity, debt and asset productivity. Based on your analysis, indicate which company is in better financial condition. Page 20 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Industry & Major Competitor Analysis: NIKE/Adidas/Reebok (Current Year) PROFITABILITY NIKE Pts Adidas Pts Reebok Pts Industry Gross Profit Margin Operating Profit Margin Net Profit Margin Total Points – Profitability Profitability Analysis Which company is most (least) profitable? Does the company with the highest gross profit margin also have the highest net profit margin? Explain why. Does the company with the highest operating profit margin have the highest net profit margin? Explain why. Which company has the highest (lowest) cost of sales as a percentage of sales? Which company has the highest (lowest) operating expense or selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales? Page 21 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. Pts NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Industry & Major Competitor Analysis: NIKE/Adidas/Reebok (Current Year) LIQUIDITY NIKE Pts Adidas Pts Reebok Pts Industry Current Ratio Quick Ratio Cash Ratio Working Capital Inventory Turnover (Days) Accts. Rec. Turnover (Days) Operating Cycle (Days) Total Points – Liquidity Liquidity Analysis Which company is the most (least) liquid? Which company sells its inventory fastest (slowest)? Which company collects its accounts receivable in the shortest (longest)? Which company has the shortest (longest) operating cycle? Why? Is it due to a better inventory turnover or receivable turnover, or both? Does the company with the shortest (longest) operating cycle also have the best (worst) current, quick and cash ratios? Page 22 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. Pts NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Industry & Major Competitor Analysis: NIKE/Adidas/Reebok (Current Year) DEBT POSITION NIKE Pts Adidas Pts Reebok Pts Industry Debt Ratio Long-term Debt Ratio TIE Total Points – Debt Position Debt Analysis Which company has the best (worst) debt ratio? Which company has the best (worst) long-term debt ratio? Which company has the best (worst) ability to pay interest? Page 23 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. Pts NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Industry & Major Competitor Analysis: NIKE/Adidas/Reebok (Current Year) ASSET PRODUCTIVITY NIKE Pts Adidas Pts Reebok Pts Industry Net Profit Margin Total Asset Turnover DuPont Return on Assets Total Points - Productivity Asset Productivity Analysis Which company generates the most (least) sales from its assets? Which company has the best (worst) return on assets? Page 24 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. Pts NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Industry & Major Competitor Analysis: NIKE/Adidas/Reebok (Current Year) SUMMARY NIKE Adidas Reebok Industry Profitability Liquidity Debt Position Asset Productivity Total Points Overall Financial Condition Analysis Which company is in the best (worst) financial condition? Explain why. Page 25 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Industry & Major Competitor Analysis: NIKE/Adidas/Reebok (Prior Year) PROFITABILITY NIKE Pts Adidas Pts Reebok Pts Industry Gross Profit Margin Operating Profit Margin Net Profit Margin Total Points – Profitability Profitability Analysis Which company is most (least) profitable? Does the company with the highest gross profit margin also have the highest net profit margin? Explain why. Does the company with the highest operating profit margin have the highest net profit margin? Explain why. Which company has the highest (lowest) cost of sales as a percentage of sales? Which company has the highest (lowest) operating expense or selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales? Page 26 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. Pts NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Industry & Major Competitor Analysis: NIKE/Adidas/Reebok (Prior Year) LIQUIDITY NIKE Pts Adidas Pts Reebok Pts Industry Current Ratio Quick Ratio Cash Ratio Working Capital Inventory Turnover (Days) Accts. Rec. Turnover (Days) Operating Cycle (Days) Total Points - Liquidity Liquidity Analysis Which company is the most (least) liquid? Which company sells its inventory fastest (slowest)? Which company collects its accounts receivable in the shortest (longest)? Which company has the shortest (longest) operating cycle? Why? Is it due to a better inventory turnover or receivable turnover, or both? Does the company with the shortest (longest) operating cycle also have the best (worst) current, quick and cash ratios? Page 27 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. Pts NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Industry & Major Competitor Analysis: NIKE/Adidas/Reebok (Prior Year) DEBT POSITION NIKE Pts Adidas Pts Reebok Pts Industry Debt Ratio Long-term Debt Ratio TIE Total Points – Debt Position Debt Analysis Which company has the best (worst) debt ratio? Which company has the best (worst) long-term debt ratio? Which company has the best (worst) ability to pay interest? Page 28 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. Pts NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Industry & Major Competitor Analysis: NIKE/Adidas/Reebok (Prior Year) ASSET PRODUCTIVITY NIKE Pts Adidas Pts Reebok Pts Industry Net Profit Margin Total Asset Turnover DuPont Return on Assets Total Points - Productivity Asset Productivity Analysis Which company generates the most (least) sales from its assets? Which company has the best (worst) return on assets? Page 29 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved. Pts NIKE/Adidas/Reebok Industry & Major Competitor Analysis: NIKE/Adidas/Reebok (Prior Year) SUMMARY NIKE Adidas Reebok Industry Profitability Liquidity Debt Position Asset Productivity Total Points Overall Financial Condition Analysis Which company is in the best (worst) financial condition? Explain why. Page 30 of 30 © National Academy Foundation and A BIT of Accounting. All Rights Reserved.