Chemical Sciences Materials Year 10 Chemical sciences: ifferent types of chemical reactions are used to produce a range of products and can occur at different rates (ACSSU187) Science as Human Endeavour Scientific models, theories, processes, applications (ACSHE191). Technological advances through science (ACSHE192) Use of science in improving people’s lives, generating new careers, and meeting societal needs. (ACSHE195) Use science to evaluate claims or predictions (ACSHE194) Values of society influence research (ACSHE230) Scientific Inquiry Processes Formulate questions or hypotheses to investigate. (ACSIS198) Test hypotheses using prior observations, scientific knowledge, primary and secondary sources (ACSIS209) Plan, select and use appropriate investigation methods e.g. field and laboratory work. (ACSIS199) Select and use appropriate equipment, to systematically collect and record data (ACSIS200) Analyse patterns and trends in processing data e.g. relationships between variables (ACSIS203) Use knowledge of scientific concepts to draw conclusions that are consistent with evidence (ACSIS204) Evaluate conclusions, including possible alternative explanations. (ACSIS205) Critically analyse the validity of information in secondary sources and evaluate the approaches used to solve problems (ACSIS206) Communicate scientific ideas and information, including using appropriate scientific language. (ACSIS208) Knowledge and Understandings Structure and properties of materials Different materials have different chemical structures and hence different properties which make the useful for different purposes. Properties such as strength, chemical reactivity and weight must be considered when selecting a material for a particular use. Development of materials through the ages. Any way that humans change materials to make them more useful to us is a type of material development. Learning Process Structure and properties of materials Purpose: Students understand that materials are substances that can be used by humans to build and create things. They understand that the properties of materials determine their usefulness. Inform – Motivate – Recall: List some of the materials that are around you in the classroom. Discuss what the difference between a material and a substance might be. Look at materials used for certain applications e.g. building a surfboard. What properties would you need to consider when choosing a suitable material. Brainstorm any materials and/or technologies that have change in your lifetime and discuss how they have changed your way of life. Development of materials can be seen as early as the Stone Age when humans shape of stone for blades and arrow head, hardened of wood and the combined of materials to make weapons and containers etc. Apply – Use – Research: Fun with Material Categories Activity: Students develop skills with material categories. Material properties teams will design and construct a two-sided fact sheet and a game show presentation about one of the material categories. They quiz their peers on the information. During the Bronze Age humans became more farmers and craftsmen rather than hunters and gatherers. They accidentally discovered copper and began inventing alloys. A Material World: Properties of Material Activity: Students study the relationship between object function, choice of materials that make up the object and the properties and origins of the materials. They explore more about the materials that make up and object and technological design. The Iron Age saw the production of iron around 1500BC. This began the treatment of many of the main metal ores for the purposes of metal production. Experiment – Investigate: Student design and perform their own experiment to test the property of different brands of similar objects e.g. the absorbency of paper towels, the elasticity of elastic bands, the strength of paper strips or the conductivity of metal wires. The Industrial Revolution in mid 1880's What variables should be controlled, varied and measured? How can you make your measurements as accurate as possible? What errors © Education Research Solutions T: 1300 669 810 E: contactus@educationresearch.com.au W: www.educationresearch.com.au This is an ERS plan and is NOT endorsed by ACARA. Green font is ACARA sourced materials. Go to: http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au caused a dramatic increase in the production of iron and Steel alloys were produced. Today, an increased understanding of chemistry in the 20th century has led to the synthesis of new materials like ceramics, plastics and composite materials. Production and use of materials Before a material is useful to us it has often gone through a long process of refinement. The raw materials are often nothing like the final product. Distillation of crude oil: Crude oil is a mixture of valuable substances that need to be separated before being processed and refined. The separation of the liquid parts, or fractions, occurs in a process called fractional distillation. This process takes advantage of the fact that each fraction has a different boiling point. might there be in your experiment? Can You Handle the Stress? Lesson Plan: Students investigate the properties of materials. They determine the Young's modulus for four different materials in two different ways and compare the stiffness of the materials based upon this value. Evaluate – Generalize – Create: Design a chart and time line to show the progressive highlights in the development of technology from the Stone Age to Modern Society. Examine a diagram of a fractionating column. What causes the various products to be produced at different levels in the column? Why is this process called fractional distillation? Name the various products and list their uses. Have each student produce a flowchart following the processing of one fraction of oil distillation to the end product. Sports Chemistry Lesson Plan: Students distinguish between chemical and physical properties and changes in matter when given specific examples. They view a video of sports activities. Students chose their favourite sport and design an experiment to improve sports performance by changing the materials in the equipment associated with the sport. Assessment: Design and perform an experiment for measuring a property of a material and compare similar materials. Create a timeline or chart showing the development of material technologies. Produce a flow chart showing the development of products from one fraction of crude oil fractional distillation. Standards http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Science/Curriculum/F-10?y=10&s=SU&s=HE&s=IS&layout=1 Teacher Resources IWB T The Structure Of Metal Explores the crystalline structure of metal and reveals what it is that gives metal its special characteristics and how metal behaves under the stress of heat and outside forces. To Build A Bridge Lesson examining materials vs. design in designing and constructing a bridge Tug-Push-Twist-O'War Lesson - to show how the choice of materials affects structures Student Resources IWB S Tools and Raw Materials: Information about Stone Age tools. Early Stone Age Tools: Information and pictures of Stone Age tools. The History of Bronze: Information site detailing the history of Bronze. The Bronze Age: Information site explaining what the term Bronze Age refers to, when it occurred and what its significance is to the development of civilisation. Iron Age Technology: Information site explaining the history, geography and tools of the Iron Age. The Industrial Revolution: Information site explaining the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution. Chem 4 Kids Comprehensive site with info, quizzes, further links and real world examples of chemistry On Fire Interactive website - the basics of combustion, including how fire ignites, how a molecule's atoms rearrange themselves during combustion, and what a flame is made of Aluminium Information and diagrams © Education Research Solutions T: 1300 669 810 E: contactus@educationresearch.com.au W: www.educationresearch.com.au This is an ERS plan and is NOT endorsed by ACARA. Green font is ACARA sourced materials. Go to: http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au Lesson Planner Lesson Teacher Notes Student Activities Resources Title: 1 Date Time Title: 2 Date Time Title: 3 Date Time Title: 4 Date Time Title: 5 Date Time © Education Research Solutions T: 1300 669 810 E: contactus@educationresearch.com.au W: www.educationresearch.com.au This is an ERS plan and is NOT endorsed by ACARA. Green font is ACARA sourced materials. Go to: http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au