Hazardous Substances Data Bank,
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/
Downloaded September, 2004
CINNAMALDEHYDE
CASRN: 104-55-2
For other data, click on the Table of Contents
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
BOTH THE OIL AND PURE ALDEHYDE ARE IRRITANTS; ESPECIALLY IF
UNDILUTED, THEY CAUSE INFLAMMATION AND EROSION OF
GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSA. SYSTEMIC ACTIONS ARE PROBABLY FEW.
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.
5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-256]**PEER REVIEWED**
LIP SWELLING DEVELOPED FOLLOWING USE OF CINNAMALDEHYDE
CONTAINED IN MOUTHWASH IN WOMAN WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS &
ASTHMA.
[MATHIAS CG TO ET AL; ARCH DERMATOL 116 (1): 74 (1980)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Cinnamon oil contains local mucous membrane irritants such as cinnamaldehyde.
Prolonged skin contact (over 48 hours) from a cinnamon oil spill produced superficial
partial-thickness burns.
[Ellenhorn, M.J. and D.G. Barceloux. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of
Human Poisoning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 1988.
1299]**PEER REVIEWED**
Minimum Fatal Dose Level:
3= MODERATELY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 0.5-5
G/KG, BETWEEN 1 OZ & 1PINT (OR 1 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.
5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-256]**PEER REVIEWED**
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
EMT Copyright Disclaimer:
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The following Overview, *** CINNAMON OIL ***, is relevant for this HSDB record
chemical.
Life Support:
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted.
Clinical Effects:
0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
A) Data on accidental ingestions of cinnamon oil are limited. Most case reports deal
with exposures through food or cosmetics. Besides being a mucous membrane irritant,
cinnamon oil is a strong allergen, causing various types of allergic reactions. CNS
depression has been reported.
0.2.4 HEENT
A) Ingestion of the oil will cause mucous membrane irritation, but burns have not
been reported. Stomatitis, oral leukoplakia and cheilitis have been allergic reactions
caused by cinnamon flavored dental products.
B) Diplopia was reported after a large ingestion.
0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR
A) Mild hypotension and tachycardia have been reported.
0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC
A) Dizziness and extreme sleepiness have been reported after a large ingestion.
0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL
A) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and rectal burning may occur after
ingestion of concentrated oil.
0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC
A) Contact-type eczematous dermatitis has been caused in sensitized individuals.
0.2.19 IMMUNOLOGIC
A) Allergic reactions (non-anaphylactoid) to cinnamon and cinnamon oil are fairly
common.
Laboratory:
A) There are no laboratory measures useful in treating these exposures.
Treatment Overview:
0.4.2 ORAL/PARENTERAL EXPOSURE
A) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240
mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in
adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12
years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
B) DILUTION: Immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to
240 mL) of water or milk (not to exceed 4 ounces/120 mL
in a child).
C) Although not seen in humans, one may wish to observe for
the following symptoms if large amounts were ingested:
1) Seizures
2) CNS depression
3) Respiratory depression
4) Gastrointestinal bleeding
0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE
A) Cinnamon oil is very irritating to the eye and needs to
be irrigated copiously with water for at least 15 to 30
minutes.
B) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of room temperature water for at least 15
minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or
photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a
health care facility.
0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE
A) OVERVIEW
1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash
exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A
physician may need to examine the area if irritation or
pain persists.
Range of Toxicity:
A) There is not published data to substantiate a toxic dose.
Based on clinical experience, 5 to 10 mL, if retained,
may cause systemic symptoms similar to other volatile
oils.
B) Ingestion of 60 mL (2.5 mL/kg) resulted in CNS and
gastrointestinal symptoms in a child.
[Rumack BH POISINDEX(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO,
2004; CCIS Volume 122, edition expires Nov, 2004. Hall AH & Rumack BH (Eds):
TOMES(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2004; CCIS Volume
122, edition expires Nov, 2004.]**PEER REVIEWED**
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
Cinnamaldehyde was evaluated for developmental toxicity in a proposed new short-term
in vivo animal bioassay. In this assay, pregnant mice are dosed with the test agent in midpregnancy and allowed to go to term. Observations are then made on litter size as well as
the birth weight, neonatal growth, and survival of pups as indicators of developmental
toxicity. Forty-nine pregnant CD-1 mice were given 1200 mg/kg/day cinnamaldehyde in
corn oil by gavage on days 6-13 of gestation and were allowed to deliver. No toxic effect
was observed in the dams or in their offspring for the parameters assayed.
[Hardin BD et al; Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 7: 29-48 (1987)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism/Metabolites:
/IT IS/ PRESUMABLY OXIDIZED IN VIVO TO CINNAMIC ACID, WHICH IS
EXCRETED AS BENZOIC AND HIPPURIC ACIDS.
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.
5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-256]**PEER REVIEWED**
IDENTIFICATION OF 2 SULFUR CONTAINING URINARY METABOLITES OF
CINNAMIC ALDEHYDE IN RAT WHICH ARE 3-S-(N-ACETYLCYSTEINYL)-3PHENYLPROPYL ALC AND 3-S-(N-ACETYLCYSTEINYL)-3PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID.
[DELBRESSINE LP C ET AL; BR J PHARMACOL 68 (1): 165 (1980)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:
/IT IS/ PRESUMABLY OXIDIZED IN VIVO TO CINNAMIC ACID, WHICH IS
EXCRETED IN URINE AS BENZOIC AND HIPPURIC ACIDS.
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.
5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-256]**PEER REVIEWED**
AFTER IP ADMIN OF CINNAMIC ALDEHYDE TO RAT, URINARY THIO ETHER
EXCRETION AMOUNTED TO 6.5% OF DOSE.
[DELBRESSINE LP C ET AL; BR J PHARMACOL 68 (1): 165 (1980)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Pharmacology:
Minimum Fatal Dose Level:
3= MODERATELY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 0.5-5
G/KG, BETWEEN 1 OZ & 1PINT (OR 1 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.
5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-256]**PEER REVIEWED**
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Natural Pollution Sources:
The main component of Sri Lanka cinnamon bark oil (75%).
[Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol
A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p. VA11 188]**PEER
REVIEWED**
IT HAS BEEN INDENTIFIED IN ESSENTIAL OILS OF: CEYLON &
MADAGASCAR CINNAMON LEAVES, CEYLON, SEYCHELLES, & JAPANESE
(CINNAMOM LAUREIRII) CINNAMON BARK, & IN OTHER CINNAMON
SPECIES IN VARYING AMT (0.1-76%) ... ALSO IN ESSENTIAL OILS OF:
HYACINTH, MYRRH, BULGARIAN ROSE, PATCHOULI, & OTHERS.
[Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. Volume 2. Edited, translated, and revised by
T.E. Furia and N. Bellanca. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1975.
91]**PEER REVIEWED**
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
FIFRA Requirements:
New Active Ingredient: This includes pesticide active ingredients initially registered after
November 1, 1984, that currently have active product registrations. By law, these newer
pesticides are not subject to the reregistration program. They must however, meet the
new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act, and will be reviewed on a 15-yr
cycle under the registration review program. Active Ingredient (AI): 040506; Pesticide
type: insecticide (bait); Use site: food use; First registered: 1994.
[USEPA/OPP; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration and Special Review
p.360 (Spring, 1998) EPA 738-R-98-002]**QC REVIEWED**
Residues of the biochemical pesticide plant floral volatile attractant compounds:
Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, 4-methoxy cinnamaldehyde, 3-phenyl propanol, 4methoxy phenethyl alcohol, indole, and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene are exempt from the
requirement of a tolerance in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: the
following field crops -- alfalfa, clover, cotton, dandelion, peanuts (including hay), rice,
sorghum (milo), soybeans, sunflower, sweet potatoes, and wheat; the following vegetable
crops -- asparagus, beans (including forage hay), beets, celery, cole crops (cabbage,
broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower) collards (kale, mustard greens, turnip greens,
kohlrabi), corn, fresh (field, sweet, pop, seed), corn fodder and forage, chinese cabbage,
cowpeas, cucurbitis (cucumbers, squash, pumpkin), egg plant, endive (escarole),
horseradish (radish, rutabagas, turnip roots), leafy greens (spinach, swiss chard), lettuce
(head leaf), okra, parsley, parsnip, peas, peas with pods, peppers, potatoes, sugar beets,
tomatoes; the following tree fruit, berry and nut crops -- almonds, apples, apricots,
berries, (blackberry, boysenberry, dewberry, loganberry, raspberry), blueberry, cherry,
citrus (grapefruit, kumquat, lemon, lime, orange, tangelo, and tangerine) cranberry,
grapes, melons (watermelon, honeydew, crenshaw, cantaloupe, casaba, persian),
nectarines, pears, pecans, peaches, and strawberry as dispersed from the end-use product
Corn Rootworm Bait, a pesticidal bait, in accordance with the prescribed conditions in
paragraph (a) of this section.
[40 CFR 180.1127 (59 FR 15857 (4/5/94))]**PEER REVIEWED**
FDA Requirements:
Cinnamaldehyde used as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in food for human
consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good
manufacturing practice.
[21 CFR 182.60 (4/1/93)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Cinnamaldehyde used as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in animal drugs,
feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with
good manufacturing or feeding practice.
[21 CFR 582.60 (4/1/93)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Allowable Tolerances:
Residues of the biochemical pesticide plant floral volatile attractant compounds:
Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, 4-methoxy cinnamaldehyde, 3-phenyl propanol, 4methoxy phenethyl alcohol, indole, and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene are exempt from the
requirement of a tolerance in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: the
following field crops -- alfalfa, clover, cotton, dandelion, peanuts (including hay), rice,
sorghum (milo), soybeans, sunflower, sweet potatoes, and wheat; the following vegetable
crops -- asparagus, beans (including forage hay), beets, celery, cole crops (cabbage,
broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower) collards (kale, mustard greens, turnip greens,
kohlrabi), corn, fresh (field, sweet, pop, seed), corn fodder and forage, chinese cabbage,
cowpeas, cucurbitis (cucumbers, squash, pumpkin), egg plant, endive (escarole),
horseradish (radish, rutabagas, turnip roots), leafy greens (spinach, swiss chard), lettuce
(head leaf), okra, parsley, parsnip, peas, peas with pods, peppers, potatoes, sugar beets,
tomatoes; the following tree fruit, berry and nut crops -- almonds, apples, apricots,
berries, (blackberry, boysenberry, dewberry, loganberry, raspberry), blueberry, cherry,
citrus (grapefruit, kumquat, lemon, lime, orange, tangelo, and tangerine) cranberry,
grapes, melons (watermelon, honeydew, crenshaw, cantaloupe, casaba, persian),
nectarines, pears, pecans, peaches, and strawberry as dispersed from the end-use product
Corn Rootworm Bait, a pesticidal bait, in accordance with the prescribed conditions in
paragraph (a) of this section.
[40 CFR 180.1127 (59 FR 15857 (4/5/94))]**PEER REVIEWED**
Cumulative yearly application cannot exceed 20 grams of each
floral/attractant/acre/application.
[40 CFR 180.1127 (a) (59 FR 11857 (4/5/94))]**PEER REVIEWED**
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C9-H8-O
**PEER REVIEWED**
Molecular Weight:
132.15
**PEER REVIEWED**
Color/Form:
YELLOWISH OILY LIQUID
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989.,p. 357-358]**PEER
REVIEWED**
GREENISH-YELLOW LIQUID
[Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. Volume 2. Edited, translated, and revised by
T.E. Furia and N. Bellanca. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1975.
91]**PEER REVIEWED**
Odor:
PUNGENT, SPICY NOTE
[Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. Volume 2. Edited, translated, and revised by
T.E. Furia and N. Bellanca. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1975.
91]**PEER REVIEWED**
STRONG ODOR OF CINNAMON
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989.,p. 357-358]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Taste:
BURNING TASTE
[Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. Volume 2. Edited, translated, and revised by
T.E. Furia and N. Bellanca. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1975.
91]**PEER REVIEWED**
SWEET TASTE
[Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987.,p. 284-285]**PEER REVIEWED**
Boiling Point:
253 DEG C @ 760 MM HG (SLIGHT DECOMP)
[Lide, DR (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 71st ed. Boca Raton, FL:
CRC Press Inc., 1990-1991.,p. 3-180]**PEER REVIEWED**
Melting Point:
-7.5 DEG C
[Lide, DR (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 71st ed. Boca Raton, FL:
CRC Press Inc., 1990-1991.,p. 3-180]**PEER REVIEWED**
Density/Specific Gravity:
1.048-1.052 @ 25 DEG C/25 DEG C
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989.,p. 357-358]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:
1.90
[Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and
Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995. 53]**QC
REVIEWED**
Solubilities:
DISSOLVES IN ABOUT 700 PARTS WATER
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989.,p. 357-358]**PEER
REVIEWED**
SOL IN ETHER, CHLOROFORM; INSOL IN PETROLEUM ETHER
[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida:
CRC Press Inc., 1979.,p. C-248]**PEER REVIEWED**
MISCIBLE WITH ALCOHOL, OILS
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989.,p. 357-358]**PEER
REVIEWED**
SOLUBILITY: 1:5 IN 60%, 1:25 IN 50%, 1:2.5 IN 70% ALC
[Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. Volume 2. Edited, translated, and revised by
T.E. Furia and N. Bellanca. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1975.
91]**PEER REVIEWED**
water solubility = 1.42X10+3 mg/l at 25 deg C
[Valvani SC et al; J Pharm Sci 70: 502-7 (1981)]**QC REVIEWED**
Spectral Properties:
MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 291 NM (LOG E= 4.40)
[Lide, DR (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 71st ed. Boca Raton, FL:
CRC Press Inc., 1990-1991.,p. 3-180]**PEER REVIEWED**
SADTLER REF NUMBER: 1490 (IR, PRISM)
[Lide, DR (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 71st ed. Boca Raton, FL:
CRC Press Inc., 1990-1991.,p. 3-180]**PEER REVIEWED**
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.618-1.623 @ 20 DEG C/D
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989.,p. 357-358]**PEER
REVIEWED**
IR: 18891 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection)
[Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I
and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985.,p. V1 434]**PEER REVIEWED**
UV: 424 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
[Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I
and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985.,p. V1 434]**PEER REVIEWED**
NMR: 101 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
[Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I
and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985.,p. V1 434]**PEER REVIEWED**
MASS: 622 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
[Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I
and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985.,p. V1 434]**PEER REVIEWED**
Vapor Density:
VAPOR DENSITY: 4.6 (AIR= 1)
[Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New
York: Interscience Publishers, 1963. 1983]**PEER REVIEWED**
Vapor Pressure:
1 MM HG @ 76 DEG C
[Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New
York: Interscience Publishers, 1963. 1983]**PEER REVIEWED**
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
THICKENS ON EXPOSURE TO AIR
[Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987.,p. 284-285]**PEER REVIEWED**
ACID VALUE: 5 MAXIMUM
[Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. Volume 2. Edited, translated, and revised by
T.E. Furia and N. Bellanca. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1975.
91]**PEER REVIEWED**
SOLIDIFIES @ -7.5 DEG C
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989.,p. 357-358]**PEER
REVIEWED**
CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 MG/L= 185 PPM, 1 PPM= 5.4 MG/CU M
[Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New
York: Interscience Publishers, 1963. 1983]**PEER REVIEWED**
Chemical Safety & Handling:
Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities:
Rags soaked in sodium hydroxide and in /cinnamaldehyde/ overheated and ignited
owing to aerobic oxidation when they came into contact in a waste bin.
[Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA:
Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990 780]**PEER REVIEWED**
Disposal Methods:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill)
disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal
of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory
agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
**PEER REVIEWED**
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
FOOD CHEM TO IMPART CINNAMON FLAVOR TO FOODS, BEVERAGES;
PERFUME CHEM; FOOD CHEM; FILTERING AGENT; CINNAMON FLAVORING
AGENT IN MEDICINALS, LIQUORS & CORDIALS; RUBBER REINFORCING
AGENT
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**
It is used for the preparation of corrosion inhibitors, as a polymerization inhibitor for
conjugated dienes, and for the coating of metals. Partial hydrogenation or oxidation of
cinnamaldehyde give 3-phenylpropanal or cinnamic acid, respectively.
[Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol
A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p. VA1 344]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Attractant in insect control
[Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol
A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p. VA14 311]**PEER
REVIEWED**
/IT IS USED IN/ NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 9.0 PPM, ICE CREAM, ICES,
ETC 7.7 PPM, CANDY 700 PPM, BAKED GOODS 180 PPM, CHEWING GUM 4,900
PPM, CONDIMENTS 20 PPM, MEATS 60 PPM.
[Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. Volume 2. Edited, translated, and revised by
T.E. Furia and N. Bellanca. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1975.
91]**PEER REVIEWED**
Manufacturers:
F&C International, Inc, 11260 Chester Rd, Cinncinnati, OH 45246 (513) 772-8160
[SRI. 1994 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International, 1994.. 621]**PEER REVIEWED**
Kalama Chemical Inc, Hq, The Bank of California Center, Suite 1110, Seattle, WA
98164 (206) 682-7890; Production site: Kalama, WA 98625
[SRI. 1994 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International, 1994.. 621]**PEER REVIEWED**
Penta Manufacturing Company, Hq, PO Box 1448, Fairfield, NJ 07007, (201) 740-2300;
Production site: 271 US Highway 46 West, Fairfield, NJ 07006
[SRI. 1994 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International, 1994.. 621]**PEER REVIEWED**
Quest International, 400 International Drive, Mount Olive, NJ 07828 (201) 691-7100
[SRI. 1994 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International, 1994.. 621]**PEER REVIEWED**
Schweizerhall Inc, 10 Corporate Place South, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (908) 981-8200,
(800) 243-6564
[SRI. 1994 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International, 1994.. 621]**PEER REVIEWED**
Methods of Manufacturing:
CONDENSATION OF BENZALDEHYDE AND ACETALDEHYDE IN THE
PRESENCE OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE, CALCIUM HYDROXIDE,
HYDROCHLORIC ACID, OR SODIUM ETHYLATE
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**
... PREPARED FROM 2-CHLOROALLYLBENZENE; BY CONDENSATION OF
STYRENE WITH FORMYLMETHYLANILINE IN PRESENCE OF PHOSPHORUS
OXYCHLORIDE.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989.,p. 357-358]**PEER
REVIEWED**
... BY OXIDIZING CINNAMYL ALCOHOL; ISOLATION FROM WOOD-ROTTING
FUNGUS, STEREUM SUBPILEATUM BERK & CURT.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989.,p. 357-358]**PEER
REVIEWED**
General Manufacturing Information:
METHOD OF PURIFICATION: RECTIFICATION
[Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987.,p. 284-285]**PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
Perfume grade, FCC, 98% min purity.
[Kuney, J.H., J.M. Mullican (eds.). Chemcyclopedia. Washington, DC: American
Chemical Society, 1994. 266]**PEER REVIEWED**
THE CHIEF INGREDIENT (UP TO 90%) OF OIL OF CINNAMON.
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of
Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976.,p. II-167]**PEER
REVIEWED**
U. S. Production:
(1972) 7.11X10+8 G
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**
(1973) 8.0X10+8 GRAMS
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**
U. S. Imports:
(1972) 1.85X10+7 G (CINNAMON OIL)
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**
(1975) 1.9X10+7 G (OIL)
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**
Laboratory Methods:
Special References:
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Synonyms:
ACROLEIN, 3-PHENYL**PEER REVIEWED**
BENZYLIDENEACETALDEHYDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
CASSIA ALDEHYDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
CINNAMAL
**PEER REVIEWED**
CINNAMIC ALDEHYDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
CINNAMYL ALDEHYDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
FEMA NUMBER 2286.
**PEER REVIEWED**
PHENYLACROLEIN
**PEER REVIEWED**
BETA-PHENYLACROLEIN
**PEER REVIEWED**
3-PHENYLACROLEIN
**PEER REVIEWED**
3-PHENYLPROPENAL
**PEER REVIEWED**
3-PHENYL-2-PROPENAL
**PEER REVIEWED**
3-PHENYL-2-PROPENALDEHYDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
2-PROPENAL, 3-PHENYL**PEER REVIEWED**
ZIMTALDEHYDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
Perfume grade, FCC, 98% min purity.
[Kuney, J.H., J.M. Mullican (eds.). Chemcyclopedia. Washington, DC: American
Chemical Society, 1994. 266]**PEER REVIEWED**
THE CHIEF INGREDIENT (UP TO 90%) OF OIL OF CINNAMON.
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of
Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976.,p. II-167]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 209
Last Revision Date: 20030305
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 9/29/1994
Update History:
Complete Update on 03/05/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 08/06/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 08/08/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/11/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/07/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/24/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/18/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/10/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/25/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/12/1995, 34 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 12/19/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 11/03/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 11/02/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/01/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/11/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/10/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/16/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/29/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/31/1989, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/14/1984