Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20th Century
Section 1 Science and Urban Life
Technology and City Life
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Skyscrapers: Louis Sullivan designs 10 story
Wainwright building, Daniel Burnham designs 285
foot tower in New York
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Electric transit: electric transit, the sub-way and the eltrain
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Urban planning: Frederick Law Olmstead: urban
planning and parks, central park and others
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City planning: systematic designs for city blocks
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Revolution in printing: cheap paper now came from
wood pulp
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airplanes: Orville and Wilbur Wright designed and
flew the first plane
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photography: George Eastman invents the first light
weight camera
Section 2 Expanding Public Education
Expanding public education
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schools originally only went 12 to 16 weeks because
of no necessity
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high schools began to provide ladders for aspiring
males and females
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fewer then 1 percent of all africans went to high
school
Expanding universities
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Universities expanded curriculum offerings
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Booker T Washington believed that blacks needed to
acquire useful skills and prove their economic value
would integrate them into society
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WEB Dubois: believed that blacks should receive a
liberal arts education to integrate into society through
the Niagara Movement
Section 3 Segregation and Discrimination
African Americans fight legal discrimination
Voting Discrimination:
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literacy tests for reading and writing
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poll tax: paid to vote
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grandfather clause: if your grandfather could vote then
you could vote, this was meant for whites only
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Race Relations
Africans were treated as second class citizens
violence: resulted when africans did not follow the
racial etiquette
Africans also faced discrimination in the north when it
came to jobs
Discrimination in the west
Mexicans were discriminated against in the southwest
Africans out west faced debt peonage: bound laborers
to pay off the debt
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Chinese were also discriminated in the west with the
chinese exclusion act.
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Plessy V.Ferguson: Supreme court ruled separate
facilities for both whites and blacks was equal.
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Section 4 The Dawn of Mass Culture
American Leisure
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People began having time outside of work for
themselves
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Amusement parks became popular
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bicycling and tennis become part of main streem
america
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spectator sports such boxing and baseball becomes
popular with society
Spread of Mass Culture
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mass circulation of newspapers
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Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst: wrote
and published sensationalized coverage of events to
attract readers
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Ashcan School: art portrayed realistic life scenes
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Popular fiction: Mark Twain and the adventures of
Huckleberry Finn that popularized stories of real life
during that time period living along the Mississippi
River
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New ways to sell goods: urban shopping and outlets,
the department stores, and chain stores all located in
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the cities
Advertising: now brought through catalogs and rural
free delivery to attract new shoppers