rd
Please answer 3 questions from the four listed below, numbering your responses.
This is an open-book, take-home exam. You may use your notes, readings, handouts, and discuss answers with one another. However, the writing must be entirely your own .
Please email your finished exam by 11pm on Wednesday, December 21 st to isilver@framingham.edu
as one Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx).
Bear in mind the following:
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Write in paragraphs rather than one long paragraph for each answer. Think of the exam as three short papers.
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Resist the temptation to use lots of quotes from the reading. A better tactic is to paraphrase these sources. If you do decide to directly quote, make sure that you indicate in your own words how the quote supports your answer.
Whether you quote or you paraphrase, you MUST indicate in parentheses author and page numbers.
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I do not expect you to, nor do I want you to, do outside research.
 You do not need to attach a “works cited” page to your exam.
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Aim to write 3-4 pages per answer in 12-point or larger with margins of at least an inch on all sides. This is just a page range.
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Your grade will be based on the quality of your argumentation, depth of discussion, attention to detail, and grammar and spelling. Therefore, bring your work to CASA and proofread it before submitting.
1. In class we investigated the persisting educational achievement gap between
Blacks and Whites. How is this gap the result of structural discrimination at both the K-12 and college level? For K-12, draw on our discussion in connection with Jonathan Kozol’s “Still Separate, Still Unequal: America’s
Educational Apartheid.” For college, discuss Claude Steele’s “Stereotype
Threat and African American Student Achievement.” Make sure that in both cases you clearly show how structural discrimination is taking place.

2. How do second-shift obligations provide a significant explanation for why there are so few women working in the highest ranks of business? Your answer should discuss data indicating that even when they earn the same or greater than their husbands, women tend to do more of the second shift. Also, make sure you show that leaving the fast track is not simply a personal choice women make but also a response to structural discrimination.
3. In an era when housing discrimination is no longer legally permissible, how are Black Americans still adversely affected by this practice? Answer by discussing data pertaining to the following:
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Discrimination by realtors and banks.
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How such discrimination impacts Blacks more than other minority groups.
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Why this is arguably the most significant form of discrimination Blacks continue to experience.
4. Based on the study we read by Gretchen Webber and Christine Williams, under what circumstances is the following statement valid and under what circumstances is it invalid?
Working part-time is a way for women to achieve greater equality with their husbands in the division of second shift labor.
EXTRA CREDIT – Worth up to 15 additional points
A major theme highlighted in this course is the invisible ways inequality often manifests itself in American society. Illustrate this theme by drawing on three examples of your choosing. One should be an example of class inequality, one of racial inequality, and one of gender inequality.