Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – The Integumentary System
Integumentary System
1.
Introduction (Open your text to the image of a cross section of skin)
A.
Integumentary System
i.
Organ of the Integument
a.
Tissues
•
Connective Tissues
*
•
Tissue / Location Relationships
Epithelial Tissues
*
Tissue Type / Relationships
•
Smooth Muscle
•
Nervous Tissue
*
•
B.
2.
Receptor Type / Function Relationships
Blood
Dermatology
Functions of the Integument
A.
Thermoregulation (Review in text)
i.
Superficial Vasculature
ii.
Deep Vasculature
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Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – The Integumentary System
B.
C.
Protection from …
i.
Abrasion
ii.
UV Radiation
iii.
Invasion from pathogens
iv.
Desiccation
Receives stimuli
i.
D.
Synthesis of vitamin D
E.
Immunity
i.
3.
Receptor Types / Function Relationships
Tissue and Related Functions
Epidermis (Layer #1) (See diagrams in Text!)
A.
General Characteristics
i.
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
ii.
Avascular
iii.
Basement Membrane
iv.
Epidermal Ridges (and Dermal Papilla)
a.
Two Functions
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Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – The Integumentary System
B.
Cell Types
i.
Keratinocyte
•
ii.
Melanocyte
•
iii.
Keratinization
Melanosomes
Skin Color
a.
Melanin
•
Melanocytes
•
Function
UV Rad iati on
UV Rad iati on
UV Rad iati on
UV Rad iati on
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Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – The Integumentary System
C.
Five Layers of the Epidermis
i.
Stratum Basale (Stratum germinativum)
Stratum Spinosum
•
Desmosomes
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
ii.
D.
3.
Stratum Corneum
Epidermal Growth Factor (EFG)
•
Growth Factor
•
Hormone
•
Irregular Dense Connective Tissue
Dermis
A.
Regions
i.
ii.
Papillary Region
•
Dermal Papillae
•
Corpuscles of Touch
•
Superficial Vasculature Functions
Reticular Region
•
Corpuscles of Pressure
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Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – The Integumentary System
B.
4.
General Characteristics of the Dermis
i.
Fibers
ii.
Vascular
iii.
Muscle
iv.
Nerve Fibers
v.
Hair Follicles
vi.
Sweat Glands
vii.
Sebaceous Glands
Subcutaneous Layer of the Integument
A.
B.
Tissues
i.
Adipose Connective Tissue
ii.
Loose Areolar Connective Tissue
Functions
i.
Thermoregulation
ii.
Vascular Protection
iii.
Adhesion
iv.
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Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – The Integumentary System
5.
Accessory Structures
A.
Hair
i.
Hair follicle
ii.
Shaft
iii.
Arrector Pili Muscles
iv.
Sebaceous Glands
v.
Functions
Nails
B.
i.
Nail Bed
ii.
Lunula
iii.
Functions
Skin Glands
i.
ii.
Sebaceous Glands (Oil glands)
•
Holocrine Types
•
Sebum
Merocrine Sweat Glands
•
iii.
Tubular
Apocrine Sweat Gland
iii.
Other Integumentary Glands
a.
Ceruminous Glands
b.
Mammary Glands
Homeostasis of Temperature Body – review in text
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Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – The Integumentary System
C.
Aging and Hair
i.
ii.
6.
Hair Color
a.
Gray Hair
b.
White Hair
Balding
a.
Genetic Predisposition
b.
Testosterone
Deep Wound Healing (ESSAY using outline below, text, and lecture;
describe Deep Wound Healing in your own words).
A.
Stabilization of Wound
i.
An initial break damages dermal blood vessels and inserts
microorganisms
ii.
Reflexive vasoconstriction reduces blood flow
iii.
Platelets come in contact with collagen fibers and induce
clotting
iv.
B.
Clot forms are further reduces blood lose and isolates bacterial
Inflammatory response
i.
Mast cells and Basophile secrete histamine
ii.
Histamine induces vasodilatoin of undamaged blood vessels
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Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – The Integumentary System
iii.
Vasodilated vessels become porous allowing nutrients, oxygen
and other resources to enter damaged area.
iv.
Pyrogen secreted elevates local temperature.
v.
Margination, Diapedesis, positive chemotaxis, and
phagocytosis by neutrophils followed by macrophages.
C.
Injury Resolution
i.
Stratus basalis begins to grow. Blood vessels begin to repair
ii.
Fibroblasts migrate into damaged area and secrete collagen
iii.
Epidermis mends
iv.
Scab forms
v.
Clot material removed
vi.
D.
Final Stages
i.
Normal blood flow restored
ii.
Bacterial and damaged tissue removed
iii.
Irregularly placed collagen leaves scar
iv.
Scab falls off.
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