Human Biology Student Outline – Immune System III
Immune System III
(Immunization, Allergies, and Auto-immune Diseases)
Text: Human Biology, by Mader. pp. 410-414
1.
Vaccines
A.
Definition
•
Herd Immunity
•
Critical Mass
i.
Natural Immunity
ii.
Acquired Immunity
a.
b.
B.
Active Acquired Immunity
•
Naturally Acquired
•
Artificially Acquired
Passive (Inactive Acquired) Immunity
•
Natural Passive Immunity
•
Artificial Passive Immunity
*
Sources
*
Serum Sickness
History
i.
Variolation
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Human Biology Student Outline – Immune System III
4.
Vaccine Types
A.
Attenuated Living Pathogens
i.
ii.
Bacterial
a.
Tuberculosis
b.
Anthrax
Viral
a.
Polio (Sabin)
•
b.
MMR
•
•
•
B.
iii.
iv.
Drawbacks
Killed or Inactivated Pathogens
Production
Inactivated Exotoxins (Toxoids)
i.
Toxiods (in DPT)
a.
b.
5.
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
c.
Rabies
Recombinant DNA Technology
i.
5.
Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Vaccine Effectiveness
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Human Biology Student Outline – Immune System III
6.
A.
Living
B.
Non-living
Immunization Schedule for Children
A.
Recommendations
RECOMMENDATION
IMMUNIZATION
COMMENTS
2 months
DTP, OPV
can be done at 2 weeks during an
epidemic or if the organism is endemic
4 months
DTP, OPV
2 month interval from previous OPV to
avoid interference from previous dose
6 months
DTP, (OPV)
OPV is optional (useful in areas where
there is increased risk)
15 months
Measles, Mumps
MMR is preferred to
Rubella (MMR) individual vaccines;
Tuberculin testing may be done.
18 months
DTP, OPV, Varicella
24 months
HIB-Conjugate Vaccine
4-6 Years
DTP, OPV
At or before entry to school
14-16 Years
Td
Repeat every 10 years throughout life
7.
Boosters
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Human Biology Student Outline – Immune System III
8.
Antisera
•
A.
Antitoxin
i.
ii.
B.
Serum Sickness
Tetanus
Botulism
Sources
7.
Duration
8.
Allergic Responses
A.
Immediate Allergic Response
9.
Autoimmune Diseases
10.
Tissue Rejection
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