Lesson 8
Comprehension
A. 質問を聞いて，その答えとして最も適切なものを選びなさい。
1. What does ethnocentrism mean?
a. It means the Eskimo.
b. The word comes from Greek.
c. The idea that our own way of life is the best.
2. What are examples of ethnocentrism in language?
a. English and Greek.
b. Inuit and barbarian.
c. Snake and horse meat.
3. What examples are used as food preferences?
a. Eskimo and bow-wow.
b. Beef and horse meat.
c. Friends and relatives.
B. 本文のまとめとなるように，次の表の(
)を埋めなさい。
the meaning of ‘ethnocentrism’
Part 1
It is the belief that (
).
There is no one who (
).
→We should keep this in mind when (
).
Ethnocentrism can be seen in many aspects of culture.
Eskimo: Their neighbors gave them
Part 2
example 1
). They are both
Inuit: They call themselves Inuit, (
which means (
Language
).
).
the origin of barbarian
example 2
Part 3
the name because (
The ancient Greeks referred to the people around the
edge
of
their
society
as
“barbars”
(
because
).
Every culture has developed (
),
but much of it is (
Part 4
food
preference
)
and not (
).
examples: (
)
→Food preferences are determined according to (
).
C. 本文の要約となるように，(
)内に適語を補いなさい。
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own way of life is the (
). We should always
be aware of this in order to see our world objectively and without (
can be seen in many aspects of (
); for example, in (
). Ethnocentrism
). Words that are used to
refer to one’s own tribe or group usually mean “people” or “humans.” Ethnocentrism can
also be seen in (
) preferences. Eating (
) is natural to most Westerners, but
it is likely to be (
) to someone from another culture, like that of India.
best, bias, culture, language, food, beef, unnatural
D. 英語を聞き取って下線部を完成しなさい。それを参考に自分の意見を書きなさい。
Food preferences are ________________________________________________. Take natto for
example. I think ____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________.
On the other hand, ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
in our brains, not in our tongues
it is tasty and very healthful, but many people from abroad take one sniff and don’t want to
touch it
I cannot manage to take even a tiny bit of blue cheese, which is what my friend from England
likes very much
E. 下線部を補って，本文の内容について対話練習をしなさい。
A: I read that the word ethnocentrism comes from Greek. Do you know what it means?
B: Yes, it means ______________________________________________________________________.
that our outlook or view of the world is centered on our own way of life
A: That’s right. Can you give some examples of ethnocentrism?
B: Well, let me see. __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________.
I have a South American friend who came to Japan to study. When we meet, he often
comes late for our appointment. At first I was angry about that, but now I realize it is
natural for the people of his country to be ten or twenty minutes late. Punctuality is a
matter of culture, and we should keep that in mind.
Grammar and Structures
A. 二重否定：否定を表す語句が 2 つ重ねて用いられると，肯定の意味となる。
1. There is no one who is not ethnocentric. (86-l.18)
2. He is not unhappy in his present post.
3. One can’t learn to do anything without making mistakes.
Check 2 文がほぼ同じ意味を表すように，(
)内に適語を補いなさい。
Every member in the group supports his plan.
There’s (
) member in the group who (
) support his plan.
no, doesn’t
B. 名詞で始まる分詞構文：分詞構文の Being が省略されて，名詞だけが用いられることがある。
1. Originally a Greek word, the term was used to refer to the tribes. (89-l.12)
2. A speaker of several European languages, he started his business in Europe.
3. Only a student, I don’t have enough money to buy a car.
Check 次の文を a man で始まる分詞構文に書きかえなさい。
As he was a man of strong will, he always kept his promise.
A man of strong will, he always kept his promise.
Vocabulary
A. 次の表の a と b の関係と，c と d の関係が同じになるよう，(
a
b
prefer
(
ethnocentric
human
(
)
preference
ethnocentrism
(
subhuman
right
B. (
)
wrong
)内に適語を補いなさい。
c
d
believe
belief
different
difference
group
subgroup
conceivable
( inconceivable )
)
)内に適語を補いなさい。
1. Old English is similar in many ways (
) Modern German.
to
2. Tourists must always keep (
) mind that they are visitors in another country.
in
3. The living room is all prepared (
) our guests.
for
4. I am very busy these days but he never takes this fact (
into
) account.