KINESIOLOGY
End Feels - Normal
1. Bone to Bone: Painless, hard unyielding end feel. (extension of elbow)
2. Soft End Feel (AKA Soft tissue approximation): Yielding compression that stops
further movement (flexion of elbow)
3. Tissue Stretch: Hard / firm type of movement with a slight give which is true for
most joints is body. ( Extension of 2nd or 3rd finger)
End Feels – Abnormal
1. Muscle Spasm
 Early ( Just as ROM starts & is characteristic of Acute inflammation
 Late ( At the end of ROM & is characteristic of joint instability
2. Bone to Bone: Same as normal bone to bone but occurs much sooner.
3. Empty End Feel: Patient stops the motion due to pain
Separation = Sprain to acromioclavicular LIGAMENT
Dislocation = loss of relationship of humeral head & glenoid fossa
Orthopedic Tests
1. Painful arc test = Abduction of shoulder (Superspinatis / Deltoid)
2. Speeds & Yergasons test = Biceps tendon
3. M.T. can test & Drop Arm (Codmans test) = Rotator Cuff
4. Tinels Sign = Any “Tapping” at nerve cite i.e. cubital tunnel for ulna nerve.
5. Phalens Test, O Ring Test, Tinels sign = For Carpel Tunnel Syndrome
6. Foraminal Compression & Cervical Distraction Test = Cervical Nuerolopity
7. Vertebral Artery Test = Compression of the vertebral artery
8. Adson’s Maneuver = Thorasic Outlet Syndrome
9. Obers Test = TFL / ITB
10. Thomas Test = Psoas
11. Ely’s Test = Rectus Femoris
12. Single & Double Leg Raise & Valsalva’s Maneuver = Lumbar Spine Assessm’t
13. Fabers Test = Hip / Sacroiliac joint
14. Apley’s Compression Test = Meniscus injury
15. Anterior Drawer Test = ACL Injury
16. Posterior Draw test = PCL Injury
17. Valgus Stress Test = Injury to Medial Collateral Ligament
18. Varus Stres Test = Injury to Lateral Collateral Ligament
19. Clarks Test = Chondromalacia Patella