Chapter 1 Objectives
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An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Define anatomy and physiology.
Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Levels of Structural Organization
Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body
and explain how they are related.
Name the organ systems of the body and briefly state the major functions of
each system.
Classify by organ system all organs discussed.
Identify the organs shown on a diagram or a dissectible torso.
Maintaining Life
List functions that humans must perform to maintain life.
List the survival needs of the human body.
Homeostasis
Define homeostasis and explain its importance.
Define negative feedback and describe its role in maintaining homeostasis
and normal body function.
The Language of Anatomy
Describe the anatomical position verbally or demonstrate it.
Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions, surfaces,
and body planes.
Locate the major body cavities and list the chief organs in each cavity.
Chapter 1 Outline Framework
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AN OVERVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Anatomy (p. 2)
Physiology (p. 2)
Relationship Between Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2)
LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION (pp. 2-7)
From Atoms to Organisms (pp. 2-3)
Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organismal Level
Organ System Overview (pp. 3-6)
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
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Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System
MAINTAINING LIFE (pp. 7-9)
Necessary Life Functions (pp. 7-9)
Maintaining Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
Nutrients (food)
Oxygen
Water
Body Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure
HOMEOSTASIS (7-9)
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms (p. 9)
Receptor
Control Center
Effector
THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY (pp. 11-17)
Anatomical Position and Directional Terms (p. 11)
Superior
Inferior
Anterior (Ventral)
Posterior (Dorsal)
Medial
Lateral
Intermediate
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
Regional Terms (pp. 11-15)
Anterior Body Landmarks
Abdominal
Antecubital
Axillary
Brachial
Buccal
Carpal
Cervical
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Digital
Femoral
Inguinal
Nasal
Oral
Orbital
Patellar
Peroneal
Pubic
Sternal
Tarsal
Thoracic
Umbilical
Posterior Body Landmarks
Cephalic
Deltoid
Gluteal
Lumbar
Occipital
Popliteal
Scapular
Sural
Vertebral
Body Planes and Sections (p. 13)
Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse
Body Cavities (pp. 14-16)
Dorsal Body Cavity
Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity
Ventral Body Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Umbilical Region
Epigastric Region
Hypogastric (Pubic) Region
Right and Left Iliac (inguinal) Regions
Right and Left Lumbar Regions
Right and Left Hypochondriac Regions
Pelvic Cavity
Overview Terms (p1-16)
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anatomy
physiology
atoms
cells
tissues
organ
organ system
organism
integumentary system
skeletal system
muscular system
nervous system
endocrine system
cardiovascular system
lymphatic system
respiratory system
digestive system
urinary system
reproductive system
movement
responsiveness
irritability
digestion
metabolism
excretion
reproduction
growth
nutrients
oxygen
water
body temperature
atmospheric pressure
homeostasis
receptor
control center
effector
negative feedback mechanisms
positive feedback mechanisms
homeostatic imbalance
Anatomical Position and Direction Terms (p 11~16)
anterior posterior planes & sections cavities regions
Anterior Body Terms
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abdominal
antecubital
axillary
brachial
buccal
carpal
cervical
digital
femoral
inguinal
nasal
oral
orbital
patellar
peroneal
pubic
sternal
tarsal
thoracic
umbilical
Posterior Body Terms
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cephalic
deltoid
gluteal
lumbar
occipital
popliteal
scapular
sural
vertebral
Body Planes and Sections
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section
plane
sagittal section
midsagittal (median) section
frontal section
coronal section
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transverse section (cross section)
Body Cavities
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dorsal body cavity
cranial cavity
spinal cavity
ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity
diaphragm
abdominopelvic cavity
pelvic cavity
Body Regions
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right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant
umbilical region
epigastric region
hypogastric (pubic) region
right iliac (inguinal) region
left iliac (inguinal) region
right lumbar region
left lumbar region
right hypochondriac region
left hypochondriac region
Chapter 1 WebLinks
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Anatomy and Physiology Outlines from Gateway Community College,
Phoenix, Arizona
http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio160/index.html
 outline and review questions for all anatomy and physiology chapters
Anatomy and Physiology for High School
http://www.msms.doe.k12.ms.us/biology/anatomy/apmain.html
 An Anatomy and Physiology site aimed at high school students. Click
on the appropriate organ system for hyperlinked text and animations.
This site is very easy to understand and use
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Learn the Body Parts with Bert and Ernie
http://aol.sesameworkshop.org/sesamestreet/games/flash/0,6417,108866,0
0.html
o An interactive site with games and basic information about body part,
body systems, health, and visits to the doctor
o Any age can play and benefit
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Anatomy and Physiology Home Page
http://lls.stcc.mass.edu/tamarkin/APhome.htm
An online class/tutorial on anatomy and physiology from Springfield
Technical Community College
Scroll Down and click on the appropriate unit
Good text explantions and diagrams
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General Biology II at the University of Cinncinnatti
The BUGLADY Site
http://buglady.clc.uc.edu/biology/bio105/carter.htm
Go to ClassNotes and then to the appropriate unit.
A simple and clear introduction to tissues and organ systems
Good diagrams!
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Anatomy Study Guides
http://www.kumc.edu/AMA-MSS/study/anatomy.htm
This site, from the University of Kansas Medical Center, is primarily textbased, but is very helpful!
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The Virtual Hospital
http://www.vh.org/
The Virtual Hospital is a digital health sciences library created in 1992 at the
University of Iowa to help meet the information needs of health care providers
and patients. The goal of the Virtual Hospital digital library is to make the
Internet a useful medical reference and health promotion tool for health care
providers and patients.
The Virtual Hospital contains over 350 peer-reviewed books and booklets
from 160 authors in 29 departments and 4 colleges on The University of Iowa
campus.
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The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education
http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/webpath.html
This electronic resource includes over 1900 images along with text, tutorials,
laboratory exercises, and examination items for self-assessment that
demonstrate gross and microscopic pathologic findings associated with
human disease conditions. A web browser that is equivalent to Netscape 4 or
higher is recommended for viewing this resource.