C-Translating the Language 67
C—Translating the Language
Dictionary Bibliographies
U.S. Department of State. Office of External Research. List of Chinese Dictionaries in All
Languages. Washington D.C. 1967.
Mathias, J. and Sandra Hinson. A Compilation of Chinese Dictionaries. New Haven: Far Eastern
Publications, Yale University, 1975.
Yang, Paul Fu-mien. Chinese Lexicology and Lexiography a Selected and Classified
Bibliography. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1985. ref Z3108 L5 Y286 1985
Comprehensive Dictionaries
Morohashi Tetsuji 諸橋轍次. Dai Kan-Wa jiten 大漢和辭典. 13 vols. Tokyo: Taishōkan shoten,
1957–1960; rev. and enlarged, Tokyo: Taishōkan shoten, 1989–1990. Vol. 14, glossary of
all words and phrases arranged according to the Japanese syllabary. Supplement: Dai
Kan-Wa jiten. hokan 大漢和辭典補卷. Tokyo: Taishōkan shoten, 2000.
Zhang Qiyun 張其昀 et al., comps. Zhongwen da cidian 中文大辭典. Taipei: Zhongguo wenhua
yanjiusuo, 1962-1968. 38 vols. + 2 vol. index. Ref PL 1420 C57 10-vol. edition also
available.
Luo Zhufeng 羅竹風, ed. Hanyu da cidian 漢語大詞典. 13 vols. Shanghai: Cishu chubanshe,
1986–1993; Hong Kong: Sanlian shudian, 1987–1993. Three-volume small print edition
also available.
See the following index:
Mair, Victor H. An Alphabetic Index to the Hanyu Da Cidian. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i
Press, 2004.
See also the electronic version:
Hanyu da cidian guangdie fanti danji 3.0 ban 漢語大辭典光碟繁體單機3.0版. Hong Kong:
Shangwu yinshuguan. HK $1200.
Hanyu dazidian bianji weiyuanhui 漢語大字典編輯委員會 and Hubei cishu chubanshe 湖北辭
書出版社. Hanyu da zidian 漢語大字典. 8 vols. Wuhan: Hubei cishu chubanshe and
Sichuan cishu chubanshe, 1986–1990.
Smaller Chinese-Chinese Dictionaries
Zhang Yushu 張玉書 (1642–1711), Chen Tingjing 陳廷敬 (1639–1712), et al., comps. Kangxi
zidian 康熙字典. Begun in 1710. Completed in 1716.
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C-Translating the Language 68
Editions:
Shanghai: Tongwen shuju, 1887.
Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1933.
Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1958. Rpt. Hong Kong: Zhonghua shuju, 1981. Ref PL 1420
K34 1981.
Lu Erkui 陸爾奎, et al., comps. Ci yuan 辭源. Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1915. Numerous
reprints. Ref. PL 1420 T9
Critical review by Ervin von Zach, “Zum Shanghaier Tz’u yüan.” MSOS 30 (1927): 12346.
Shu Xincheng 舒新城, et al., comps. Ci hai 辭海. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju, 1938. Numerous
reprints. Ref. PL 1420 T86
Kennedy, George A. ZH Guide to Sinology: A Guide to the Encyclopedia Tz’u-hai. New
Haven: Far Eastern Publications, Yale University, 1953. Ref. PL 1420 T86 K4
Guoyu cidian 國語辞典. 8 vols. Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1937. 4 vols. Taipei: Shangwu
yinshuguan, 1953 and numerous reprints. Ref. PL 1420 K8
Wan, Grace. A Guide to the Gwoyeu tsyrdean. Taipei: Ch’eng-wen, 1970.
Guoyu cidian 國語辭典. 6 vols. Taipei: Taiwan Shangwu yinshuguan, 1982. Ref. PL 1420 C56
1982
Xiandai Hanyu cidian 現代漢語詞典. Hong Kong: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1977.
Ci hai 辭海. (1965 rev. ed.). 1965; Rpt. Hong Kong: Zhonghua shuju, 1979. 2 vols. Shanghai:
Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 1979. 3 vols. Ref. PL 1420 T86 1965. Rev. and enlarged: 3
vols. Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 1999.
Note: There is a photo-reduced edition in one volume: Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe,
1980.
Ci yuan 辭源. (rev. ed.). 4 vols. Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1979-80. Hong Kong: Shangwu
yinshuguan, 1979–1980. Ref. PL 1420 T9 1980
Li Choh-ming (Li Zhuomin 李卓敏, ed. Lishi Zhongwen zidian 李氏中文字典. Hong Kong:
Chinese University Press, 1980. Ref PL 1420 L48
This arranges characters by similarity of pronunciation. Also gives Cantonese pronuciation.
68
C-Translating the Language 69
Chinese—Western Language Dictionaries
Giles, Herbert A. Chinese-English Dictionary. 1892; 2nd.ed. 1912. rpt. Taipei: Literature House,
1964. PL 1455 G6
Moule, A. C. “Questions on Some Points in Giles’ Dictionary.” New China Review 4
(1922): 128-33.
Mathews, R. H. Mathews Chinese-English Dictionary. 1931; rev. ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
University Press, 1943. Numerous reprints. Ref. PL 1455 M34
Anderson, Olov Bertil. A Companion to R.H. Mathews’ Chinese- English Dictionary.
Lund, Sweden: Student-literatur, 1972.
Chao, Yuen Ren 趙元任 and Lien-sheng Yang 楊聯昇. Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1947.
Liang Shih-ch’iu. A New Practical Chinese-English Dictionary. Taipei: The Far Eastern Book
Company, 1971. Ref PL 1455 L65
Lin Yutang. Lin Yutang’s Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage. Hong Kong: The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1972. Ref. PL 1455 L 67
Index:
Supplementary Indexes to Lin Yutang’s Dictionary. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1978.
PL 1455 L67 S8
Beijing waiguo yuxueyuan Yingyu xi Han Ying ci dian bianxie zu 北京外國語學院英語系漢英
詞典編寫組, ed. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1979.
Ref. PL 1455 H3 1979a Rev. and enlarged ed. Beijing: Waiyu jiaoxue yu yanjiu
chubanshe, 1995. PL 1455 H589 1995
Wu Guanghua 吳光華, gen. ed. Han Ying da cidian 漢英大辭典. 2 vols. Shanghai: Shanghai
Jiaotong daxue chubanshe, 1993. Ref PL 1455 H58 1993
Li Shujuan and Yan Ligang, eds. Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Chinese Slang.
Torrance, CA: Heian International, 1998.
Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise. 6 vols. Paris: Institut Ricci, 2001.
69
C-Translating the Language 70
Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan yuyan yanjiusuo cidian bianji shi 中國社會科學院語言研究所詞
典編輯室, ed. The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (Xiandai Hanyu cidian 現代漢語
詞典). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2002.
Chinese-Japanese Dictionaries
Chū-Nichi daijiten 中日大辭典. Compiled by Aichi University, Chinese-Japanese Dictionary
Editorial Board. Tokyo: Daian, 1968. Ref. PL 681 C5 A5
Shangwu yinshu guan 商務印書館 and Shogakukan 小學館, eds. Chū-Nichi jiten 中日辭典.
Tokyo: Shogakukan, 1992.
According to Wilkinson (91), “this is probably the best available medium-sized bilingual
dictionary of Modern Chinese.”
Classical Chinese Dictionaries
Couvreur, Séraphin. Dictionnaire classique de la langue chinoise. 1890; 3rd ed. 1911. rpt.
Taichung: Kuangch’i, 1966. Ref PL 1459 F8 C74
Karlgren, Bernhard. Analytic Dictionary of Chinese and Sino-Japanese. 1923; rpt. Taipei:
Ch’eng wen, 1966.
________. “Grammata Serica.” BMFEA 12 (1940): 1-471.
________. “Grammata Serica Recensa.” BMFEA 29 (1957): 1-332. Separately printed:
Kungsbaka: Elanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag, 1972. Ref. PL 1201 K35
Gil, A. Index to Characters (Arranged by order of Radicals) to Bernhard Karlgren’s
“Grammata Serica Recensa.” University of Cambridge, 1974.
Karlgren, Bernhard. “Gleanings for a Lexicon of Classical Chinese.” BMFEA 44 (1972): 1-74.
________. “Gleanings for a Lexicon of Classical Chinese II.” BMFEA 45 (1973): 1-62.
________. “Gleanings for a Lexicon of Classical Chinese III.” BMFEA 46 (1974): 1-28.
Schuessler, Axel. A Dictionary of Early Zhou Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Pres,
1987.
Pulleyblank, Edward G. Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late
Middle Chinese and Early Mandarin. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press,
1991.
Dictionnaire Ricci des caractères singuliers. 3 vols. Taipei: Ricci Institute and Desclée de
Brouwer, 1999.
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C-Translating the Language 71
Gudai Hanyu cidian bianxie zu 古代漢語編寫組, ed. Gudai Hanyu cidian 古代漢語詞典.
Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1998.
Wang Li 王力, ed.-in-chief. Tang Zuofan 唐作蕃, Guo Xiliang 郭錫良, Cao Xianzhuo 曹先擢,
He Jiuying 何九盈, Jiang Shaoyu 蔣紹愚, and Zhang Shuangdi 張雙棣, eds. Wang Li gu
Hanyu zidian 王力古漢語字典. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2000.
Etymological Dictionaries
Xu Shen 許慎 (A.D. 58-147), comp. Shuowen jiezi 說文解字. Completed A.D. 100. Presented to
the throne in 121.
The Shuowen is invaluable as a source for early literary Chinese. Although the amount of
information for each graph varies, in most cases each entry provides the following information:
(1) the etymonic classifier of a graph (always preceded by the word cong 从, “derives from”); (2)
the phonetic of the graph (identified with the word sheng 聲, “sound”); (3) ancient forms of the
graph; (4) variant forms of the graph; (5) a citation from a passage in the classics where the graph
occurs; (6) sometimes a sound gloss introduced by the phrase du ruo 讀若 (“read like”). The
material of the Shuowen is arranged into 540 classifiers.
For an introduction in English to the book, see:
Thern, K. L. Postface to the Shuo-wen chieh-tzu: The First Comprehensive Chinese Dictionary.
Wisconsin China Series, No. 1. The Department of East Asian Languages and Literature,
The University of Wisconsin, Madison. 1966.
Commentaries and Studies:
Xu Kai, comp. Shuowen jiezi xizhuan 說文解字繫傳. 40 juan. Sbck.
Duan Yucai 段玉裁 (1715-1815), comp. Shuowen jiezi zhu 說文解字注. 30 juan. Completed in
1807. Printed in 1812. Recent reprints include: Shuowen jiezi zhu. Shanghai: Shanghai
guji chubanshe, 1981.
Gui Fu 桂 馥 (1736-1806), comp. Shuowen jiezi yizheng 說 文 解 字 義 證 . 50 juan. Hubei
chongwen shuju 湖北崇文書局, ed. 1870.
Wang Yun 王筠 (1784-1854), comp. Shuowen judou 說文句讀. 30 juan. Guoxue jiben congshu.
Zhu Junsheng 朱駿聲 (1788-1858), comp. Shuowen tongxun dingsheng 說文通訓定聲. 18 juan
1848. Recent editions include:
Ding Fubao 丁福保 (1874-1952), comp. Shuowen jiezi gulin 說文解字詁林. 12 vols. 1928; rpt.
Taipei: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1959. Ref. PL 1281 H8 T5
Ma Xulun 馬 敘 倫 . Shuowen jiezi liushu shuzheng. 說 文 解 字 六 書 疏 證 . Beijing: Kexue
chubanshe, 1956.
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C-Translating the Language 72
Serruys, Paul L-M. “A Study of the chuan chu in Shuo wen.” BIHP 29 (1957): 131-95.
Shirakawa Shizuka 白川靜. Setsumon shingi 說文新義. Kyoto: Goten sho’in, 1969.
Serruys, Paul L-M. “On the system of the pu shou (部首) in the Shuo wen chieh tzu.” BIHP 55
(1984): 651-754.
Miller, Roy Andrew. “Problems in the Study of the Shuo-wen chieh-tzu.” Unpublished Ph.D.
Diss. Columbia University, 1953.
Other etymological dictionaries:
Tōdō Akiyasu 藤堂明保. Kanji gogen jiten 漢字語源字典. Tokyo: Gakutosha, 1967. Ref PL
1171 T6
Reconstructions of Earlier Pronunciation
Comprehensive Guides
Chou Fa-kao (Zhou Fagao 周法高), ed. A Pronouncing Dictionary of Chinese Characters in
Archaic and Ancient Chinese, Mandarin & Cantonese (Hanzi gujin yinhui 漢字古今音
彙). Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1973. Ref PL 2244 C5
Contains phonetic reconstructions for single graphs for Archaic Chinese (Zhou dynasty)
and Ancient Chinese (A.D. 600) along with Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations. For
Archaic Chinese gives reconstructions by Dong Tonghe (see below), Karlgren, and Zhou Fagao.
For Ancient Chinese gives reconstructions by Karlgren and Zhou.
Karlgren, Bernhard. “Grammata Serica Recensa.”
Contains phonetic reconstructions for single graphs in Archaic Chinese (Zhou dynasty)
and Ancient Chinese (A.D. 600). See above.
Li Zhenhua 李真華 and Zhou Changji 周長楫, eds. Hanzi gujin yinbiao 漢字古今音表. Beijing:
Zhonghua shuju, 1993; rev. 1999. Ref PL 1201 L47 H36 1993
Gives reconstructed pronunciations for Old, Middle, and Early Mandarin, based on the
system of Wang Li.
Old or Archaic Chinese
Dong Tonghe 董同龢. Shanggu yinyun biaogao 上古音韻表稿. 1944; rpt. Taipei: Zhongyang
yanjiuyuan lishi yuyan yanjiusuo, 1967. 5121 4178
Li Fanggui 李方桂. “Shanggu yin yanjiu” 上古音研究. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies,
n.s., 9.1&2 (1971): 1-61.
72
C-Translating the Language 73
Mattos, Gilbert, trans. Li Fang-kuei. “Studies on Archaic Chinese.” MS 31 (1975-76): 219-287.
Mattos, Gilbert, trans. Li Fang-kuei. “Studies in Archaic Chinese Phonology.” University of
Hawaii Working Papers in Linguistics 6.1 (1974): 171-282.
Schuessler, Axel. A Dictionary of Early Zhou Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
1987.
Baxter, William H. A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology. Berlin and New York: Mouton de
Gruyter, 1992.
Zheng Zhang Shangfang 鄭 張 尚 芳 . Shanggu yinxi 上 古 音 系 . Shanghai: Shanghai jiaoyu
chubanshe, 2003.
Han Dynasty Chinese
Coblin, South. A Handbook of Eastern Han Sound Glosses. Hong Kong: Chinese University
Press, 1983.
Middle Chinese
Shen Jianshi 沈兼士. Guangyun shengxi 廣韻聲系. 1945; rpt. Taipei: Zhonghua shuju, 1969.
5125 3184
Achilles Fang. Review of Shen Jianshi, MS 11 (1946): 123-49.
Pulleyblank, Edwin G. Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late
Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press,
1984.
Branner, David Prager. Cūyùn a handbook of Chinese character readings. North Chelmsford,
MA: Erudition Books, 2002.
See also David Branner’s electronic web reconstruction (Yin tong 音通) for medieval Chinese:
http://yintong.americanorientalsociety.org
Early Mandarin
Stimson, Hugh M. The Jongyuan In Yunn. New Haven: Far Eastern Publications, Yale
University, 1966. PL 1201 C38534 S75
This book contains phonetic reconstructions for all the graphs in the Zhongyuan yinyun
中原音韻, compiled in 1324 by Zhou Deqing 周德清. The Zhongyuan yinyun was a rhyme book
used in composing Northern Drama. The language is the dialect of Yuan dynasty Beijing (then
called Dadu 大都), and thus represents the earliest form of Mandarin. Stimson’s book also gives
the Middle Chinese reconstructions for all the graphs in the Zhongyuan yinyun.
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C-Translating the Language 74
Word Families
Karlgren, Bernhard. “Word Families in Chinese.” BMFEA 5 (1933): 1-120.
Wang Li 王力. Tongyuan zidian 同源字典. Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1982.
Loan Graphs
Karlgren, Berhard. “Loan Characters in Pre-Han Texts.” BMFEA 35 (1960): 1-128.
Gao Heng 高 亨 , comp. Dong Zhi’an 董 治 安 , ed. Guzi tongjia huidian 古 字 通 假 會 典 .
Shandong: Qi Lu shushe, 1989; rpt. 1997.
Dialects
Xu Baohua 許寶華and Miyata Ichirō 宮田一朗, eds. Hanyu fangyan da cidian 漢語方言大辭
典. 5 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1999. Ref PL1547.H367 1999
Chinese Literature Dictionaries
Zhang Xiang 張相. Shi ci qu yuci huishi 詩詞曲語辭匯釋. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju, 1953. rpt.
Taipei: Zhonghua shuju, 1962. Ref PL 2257 C5
Lu Dan’an 陸澹安. Xiaoshuo ciyu huishi 小說辭語匯釋. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju, 1964. rpt.
Hong Kong: Zhonghua shuju, 1968. Ref PL 2257 L8
Xu Jiaru 徐嘉瑞. Jin Yuan xiqu fangyan kao 金元戲曲方言考. Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan,
1948. Ref PL 2384 H75
Zhu Juyi 朱 居 易 . Yuan ju suyu fangyan li shi 元 劇 俗 語 方 言 例 釋 Shanghai: Shangwu
yinshuguan, 1956. PL 2384 C45
Jiang Lihong 蔣禮鴻. Dunhuang bianwen zi yi tongshi 敦煌變文字義通釋. Beijing: Zhonghua
shuju, 1962. BL1430 C495
Collier, David, ed. Chinese-English Dictionary of Colloquial Terms Used in Modern Chinese
Literature. New Haven: Far Eastern Publications, Yale University, 1979.
Wang Ying 王瑛 and Zeng Mingde 曾明德, eds. Shi ci qu yuci ji shi 詩詞曲語辭集釋. Beijing:
Yuwen chubanshe, 1991.
Tian Zongyao 田宗堯. Zhongguo huaben xiaoshuo suyu cidian 中國話本小說俗語辭典. Taipei:
Xin wenyi chuban gongci, 1985.
__________. Zhongguo gudian xiaoshuo yongyu cidian 中 國 古 典 小 說 用 語 辭 典 . Taipei:
Lianjing, 1985.
Jiang Lansheng 江藍生 and Cao Guangshun 曹廣順, eds. Tang Wudai yuyan cidian 唐五代語言
詞典. Shanghai: Shanghai jiaoyu chubanshe, 1997.
Yuan Bin 袁賓, gen. ed. Song yuyan cidian 宋語言詞典. Shanghai: Shanghai jiaoyu chubanshe,
1997.
74
C-Translating the Language 75
Li Chongxing 李崇興 et al., eds. Yuan yuyan cidian 元語言詞典. Shanghai: Shanghai jiaoyu
chubanshe, 1998.
Johnson, Dale R. A Glossary of Words and Phrases in the Oral Performing and Dramatic
Literatures of the Jin, Yuan and Ming. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University
of Michigan, 2000.
Linguistics
Lee, Daniel T. Y. Chinese-English Glossary of Linguistic Terms. Washington: Center for
Chinese Research Materials, Association of Research Libraries, 1971.
Particle Dictionaries
Liu Qi 劉淇, comp. Zhang Xichen 張錫琛, ed. Zhuzi bianlüe 助字辨略. 1939; rpt. Beijing:
Zhonghua shuju, 1954.
Wang Yinzhi 王引之 (1766-1843). Jing zhuan shi ci 經傳釋詞. 10 juan. Completed in 1798.
Printed in 1819. Many later reprints. Cf. Chen Binhe 陳彬和, ed. and comm. Jing zhuan
shi ci 經傳釋詞. Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1931.
Yang Shuda 楊樹達. Ci quan 詞詮. 10 juan. 1928; rpt. Taipei: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1959. Ref
PL 1241 Y3
Pei Xuehai 裴學海. Gushu xuzi jishi 古書虛字集釋. 1934; rpt. Taipei: Guangwen shuju, 1962;
Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1954, 1979.
Lü Shuxiang 呂叔湘. Wenyan xuzi 文言虛字. 1944; rpt. Shanghai: Shanghai jiaoyu chubanshe,
1959; Hong Kong: Daguang chubanshe, 1970.
Yang Bojun 楊伯峻. Wenyan xuzi 文言虛字. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1965.
Dobson, W.A.C.H. A Dictionary of the Chinese Particles, with a Prolegomenon in which the
Problems of the Particles Are Considered and They Are Classified by Their Grammatical
Functions. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974. PL 1237 D56
For a review of this see:
Serruys, Paul L-M. “Remarks on the Nature, Functions, and Meanings of the Grammatical
Particle in Literary Chinese.” JAOS 96.4 (1976): 543-61.
Compendia of Usage
Zhang Yushu 張玉書 (1642-1711) et al. comp. Peiwen yunfu 佩文韻府. 106 juan. 1711. Yunfu
shiyi 韻府拾遺. rpt. in 6 vols. with four-corner index, Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan,
1937. rpt. Taipei: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1966. Ref AE 17 P4
The Peiwen yunfu is a compendium of literary diction compiled under the auspices of the
Kangxi 康熙 Emperor. Compilation began in 1703. It was completed and printed in 1711. See
75
C-Translating the Language 76
Martin Gimm, “Zur Entstehungsgeschichte der chinesischen Literaturkonkordanz P’ei-wen yünfu,” TP 69 (1983): 159-74. The work is based on two earlier rhyme compendia, the Yunfu qunyu
韻府群玉 of Yin Youyu 陰幼遇 (fl. ca. 1300) and the Wuju yunrui 五車韻瑞 of Ling Zhilong 凌
稚隆 (fl. 1570). This compendium should be consulted to find more examples of usage than
either the Zhongwen da cidian, Morohashi, or the Hanyu da cidian provides. Most entries are
two-character phrases. There are two ways of finding something in this book. The first is by
rhyme. The book is arranged according to the 106 rhymes in the Pingshui yun 平水韻. Find the
rhyme category in the Ci yuan or comparable dictionary. Always check the last character of the
phrase. A much simpler method of consulting the book is to consult the four-corner index. To
find a four-corner number, locate the four-corner number in the stroke index. For an explanation
of the four-corner system, see:
Simon, Walter. A Beginner’s Chinese English Dictionary of the National Language (Gwoyeu).
London: Percy Lund, Humphries & Co. Ltd., 1958.
Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉 (1661-1722) et al. comp. Pianzi leibian 駢字類編. 240 juan. Completed
1726. Printed 1728. rpt. Taipei: Xuesheng shuju, 1963. Ref PL 1497 P5.
This is another important compendium of two-character literary phrases compiled under
the auspices of the Kangxi Emperor. Compilation began in 1719 and was completed in 1726. It is
divided into twelve sections, plus a supplement. The phrases are arranged by rhyme of the first
character. For each phrase, relevant passages from the classics, histories, masters, and belleslettres are cited (in smaller print).
Index to this:
Zhuang Weisi 莊為思. (Wallace S. Johnson, Jr.). Pianzi leibian yinde 駢字類編引得. Taipei:
Siku shuju, 1966. Ref PL 1497 P5 1963
Ruan Yuan 阮元 (1764–1849) et al. comp. Jingji zuangu 經籍纂詁. 106 juan. Completed 1798.
Printed 1800. Reprints include: Taipei: Shijie shuju, 1956. Ref PL 1420 J8
This is a handbook of glosses on words that appear in the classics. It is a useful source to
find in one place a variety of commentaries and glosses on a single term.
Zong Fubang 宗福邦, Chen Shinao 陳世鐃, and Xiao Haibo 蕭海波, ed.-in-chief. Gu xun hui
zuan 故訓匯纂. Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan, 2003.
This is an updated and much expanded version of the Jingji zuangu.
Dictionary of Binomes
76
C-Translating the Language 77
Zhu Qifeng 朱起鳳, comp. Ci tong 辭通. 2 vols. Shanghai: Shanghai kaiming shudian, 1934.
Numerous reprints: Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1985. PL 1420 C523 1985
This is a useful source for finding variant forms for binomial expressions. The compiler
drew much of his material from literary sources. The terms are arranged according to the rhyme
of the final character. There is a four-corner index as well as an character-index to the fourcorner numbers.
Botanical Dictionaries
Smith, F. Porter. Chinese Materia Medica. Vegetable Kingdom. Revised ed. G. A. Stuart. 1911.
rpt. Taipei: Ku-t’ing Book House, 1969.
__________. Chinese Medicinal Herbs. Beatrice Bliss, ed. San Francisco: Georgetown Press,
1973.
Read, Bernard E. Chinese Medicinal Plants from the Pen Ts’ao Kang Mu A.D. 1596. Peiping:
French Bookstore, 1936. rpt. Taipei: Southern Materials Center, 1977.
Roi, Jacques. Traité des plantes medicinales chinoises. Paris: Lechevalier, 1955.
Zhongguo gaodeng zhiwu tu jian 中 國 高 等 植 物 圖 鑒 (Iconographia Coromophytorum
Sinocorum). 5 vols. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 1972-1976. Ref QK 490 C6 C5
Li Hui-Lin (Li Huilin 李惠林). Nan-fang ts’ao-mu chuang: A Fourth Century Flora of Southeast
Asia. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1979. OK 355 C42 1979
Hu Shiu-ying. An Enumeration of Chinese Materia Medica. Hong Kong: Chinese University
Press, 1980.
Zhong yao da cidian 中藥大辭典. 2 vols. 1977; rpt. Hong Kong: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1979.
Ref RS 180 C5 C4849
Chen Guiting 陳貴廷, ed.-in-chief. Bencao gangmu tongshi 本草綱目通釋. 2 vols. Beijing:
Xueyuan chubanshe, 1992. QV 770 JC6 P397 1992
Qiu Dewen 邱德文, Wu Jiayong 吳佳榮, and Xia Tongheng 夏同珩, ed.-in-chief. Bencao
gangmu caise yao tu 本草綱目彩色藥圖. Guiyang: Guizhou keji chubanshe, 1998.
Zhonghua renmin gongheguo Weisheng bu yaodian weiyuanhui 中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委
員會, ed. Zhonghua renmin gongheguo yaodian Zhong yao caise tuji 中華人民共和國要
典中藥彩色圖集. Guangzhou: Guangdong keji chubanshe, 1996.
Bencao gangmu yaowu caise tujian 本草綱目藥物圖鑒 Beijing: Renmin weisheng chubanshe,
1999.
Pan Fujun 潘富俊. Tang shi zhiwu tu jian 唐詩植物圖鑑. Taipei: Maotouying chubanshe, 2001.
Pan Fujun 潘富俊. Chu ci zhiwu tu jian 楚辭植物圖鑑. Taipei: Maotouying chubanshe, 2002.
Luo Xiwen, trans. Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu). 6 vols. Beijing: Foreign
Languages Press, 2003.
Hu Siu-ying. Food Plants of China. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2005.
77
C-Translating the Language 78
Fèvre, Francine and Georges Métailié. Dictionnaire Ricci des plantes de Chine. Paris:
Association Ricci—Les Éditions du Cerf, Paris, 2005.
Wu Jing-Nuan. An Illustrated Chinese Materia Medica. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Dictionaries of Common Names
The most comprehensive dictionaries of plant common names are:
Quattrocchi, Umberto. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific
Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. 4 vols. Boca Raton, London, New York,
Washington, D.C.: CRC Press, 2000.
Quattrocchi, Umberto. CRC World Dictionary of Grasses: Common Names, Scientific Names,
Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. 3 vols. Boca Raton, London, New York,
Washington, D.C.: CRC Press, 2006.
Useful web sites include:
Plant
Finder, Kemper Center for Home Gardening,
www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Alpha.asp
Missouri
Botanical
Garden:
Dictionaries of Animal Names
Read, Bernhard E. Chinese Materia Medica: Animal Drugs. 1931; rpt. Taipei: Southern
Materials Center, 1977.
__________. Chinese Materia Medica: Avian Drugs. 1932; rpt. Taipei: Southern Materials
Center, 1977.
__________. Chinese Materia Medica: Dragon and Snake Drugs. 1934; rpt. Taipei: Southern
Materials Center, 1977.
__________. Chinese Materia Medica: Turtle and Shellfish Drugs. 1937; rpt. Taipei: Southern
Materials Center, 1977.
__________. Chinese Materia Medica: Insect Drugs. 1941; rpt. Taipei: Southern Materials
Center, 1977.
Dictionaries of Mineral Terms
Zhang Hongzhao 張鴻釗. Shi ya 石雅. (Lapidarium Sinicum). Memoir of the Geological Survey
of China, no. 2. 1921; Beijing: Geological Survey of China, 1927.
Paul Demiéville. Review of Zhang Hongzhao. BEFEO 24 (1924): 276-301.
Read, Bernard E. and Pak, C. Chinese Materia Medica: A Compendium of Minerals and Stones.
1928; rpt. Taipei: Southern Materials Center, 1977.
78
C-Translating the Language 79
Shi jing Plants and Animals
Lu Wenyu 陸文郁. Shi caomu jin shi 詩草木今釋. Tianjin: Tianjin renmin chubanshe, 1957. PL
2466 Z6 L8
Wu Houyan 吳 厚 炎 . Shi jing caomu huikao 詩 經 草 木 匯 考 . Guiyang: Guizhou renmin
chubanshe, 1992.
Pan Fujun 潘富俊. Shi jing zhiwu tu jian 詩經植物圖鑑. Taipei: Maotouying chubanshe, 2001.
Gao Mingqian 高明乾, Tong Yuhua 佟玉華, and Liu Kun 劉坤. Shi jing dongwu shi gu 詩經動
物釋詁. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2005.
Hu Miao 胡淼. Shi jing de kexue jiedu 《詩經》的科學解讀. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin
chubanshe, 2007.
Qiu Jingzi 邱靜子. Shi jing chongyu yixiang yanjiu 《詩經》蟲魚意象研究. Taipei: Wen shi
zhe chubanhse, 2007.
Animal and Plant Lore in Literature
Laufer, Berthold. Sino-Iranica; Chinese Contributions to the History of Civilization in Ancient
Iran, with Special Reference to the History of Cultivated Plants and Products. 1919; rpt.
Taipei: Ch’eng-wen, 1967; Chinese version translated by Lin Yunyin 林筠因, Zhongguo
Yilang bian 中國伊郎編. 1964; rpt. Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan, 2001.
Jia Zuzhang 賈祖璋. Niao yu wenxue 鳥與文學. Shanghai: Kaiming shudian, 1931.
Williams, C.A.S. Outlines of Chinese Symbolism. 1931; rpt. Taipei: Ch’eng-wen, 1973.
Schafer, Edward H. “Parrots in Medieval China.” In Studia Serica Bernhard Karlgren Dedicata.
Ed. Søren Egerod and Elsa Glahn. Cophenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1959.
__________. The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study in T’ang Exotics. Berkeley and Los
Angeles: University of California Press, 1963. Chinese translation by Wu Yugui 吳玉貴.
Tang dai de wailai Wenming 唐 代 的 外 來 文 明 . Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue
chubanshe, 1995.
__________. The Vermilion Bird: T’ang Images of the South. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
University of California Press, 1967.
Kroll, Paul W. “The Egret in Medieval Chinese Literature.” CLEAR 1.2 (1979): 181-96.
_________. “The Image of the Halcyon Kingfisher in Medieval Chinese Poetry.” JAOS 104
(1984): 237-51.
Diény, Jean-Pierre. Le Symbolisme du dragon dans la Chine antique. Paris: Collège de France,
1987.
McGraw, David R. “Along the Wutong Trail: The Paulownia in Chinese Poetry.” CLEAR 10
(1988): 81-107.
Cutter, Robert Joe. The Brush and the Spur: Chinese Culture and the Cockfight. Hong Kong: The
Chinese University Press, 1989.
Hargett, James M. “Playing Second Fiddle: The Luan-Bird in Early and Medieval Chinese
Literature.” TP 75 (1989): 235-62.
79
C-Translating the Language 80
Spring, Madeline. Animal Allegories in T’ang China. American Oriental Series Volume 76. New
Haven: American Oriental Society, 1993.
Kern, Martin. Zum Topos “Zimtbaum” in der chinesischen Literatur. Rhetorische Funktion und
poetischer Eigenwert des Naturbildes kuei. Sinologica Coloniensia Ostasiatische Beiträge
der Universität zu Köln 18. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1994.
Astronomy
Schlegel, Gustave. Uranographie chinoise. 2 vols. 1875; rpt. Taipei: Ch’eng-wen, 1967.
De Saussure, Léopold. Les Origines de l’astronomie chinoise. 1930; rpt. Taipei: Ch’eng-wen,
1967.
Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilization in China. Volume 3. Mathematics and the Sciences
of the Heavens and the Earth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959.
Ho Peng-yoke, trans. The Astronomical Chapters of the Chin Shu. Paris: Mouton, 1966.
Schafer, Edward H. Pacing the Void: T’ang Approaches to the Stars. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
University of California Press, 1977.
Zhongguo Tianwen xuehui Tianwen xue mingci shending weiyuan hui 中國天文學會天文學名
詞審定委員會. Han Ying tianwen xue cihui 漢英天文學辭彙. Shanghai: Shanghai keji
jiaoyu chubanshe, 1991.
Sun Xiaochun & Jacob Kistemaker. The Chinese Sky During the Han Constellating Stars and
Society. Leiden: Brill, 1997.
Metrology
Wu Chengluo 吳承洛. Zhongguo duliangheng shi 中國度量衡史. 1937; 2nd ed. Shanghai:
Shangwu yinshuguan, 1957. QC 89.C6 W8 1957
Dubs, Homer H., trans. The History of the Former Han Dynasty. 3 vols., 1: 276-80. Baltimore:
Waverly Press, 1938–1955.
Qiu Guangming 丘光明. Zhongguo lidai duliangheng kao 中國歷代度量衡考. Beijing: Kexue
chubanshe, 1992. QC 100.5 C46 1992
Architecture and Archaeology
Glahn, Else. “Some Chou and Han Architectural Terms.” BMFEA 50 (1978): 105-25.
Zhang Xinglian, comp. Zhao Shuhan, ed. A Glossary of Chinese Archaeology. Beijing: Foreign
Languages Press, 1983.
Beijing shi wenwu yanjiusuo 北京市文物研究所, comp. Zhongguo gudai jianzhu cidian 中國古
代建築辭典. Beijing: Zhongguo shudian, 1992.
Jianzhu da cidian bianji weiyuanhui 建築大辭典編輯委員會, ed. Jianzhu da cidian 建築大辭
典. Beijing: Dizhen chubanshe, 1992.
Guo Qinghua. Visual Dictionary of Chinese Architecture. Mulgrave, Australia: Images
Publishing, 2002.
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C-Translating the Language 81
Food and Drink
Chang, Kwang-chih. Food in Chinese Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.
Anderson, E. N. The Food of China. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.
Gwinner, Thomas A. P. Essen und Trinken: Die klassische Kochbuchliteratur Chinas. Frankfurt:
Haag und Herchen, 1988.
Lin Zhengqiu 林正秋, ed. Zhongguo yinshi dacidian 中國飲食大辭典. Hangzhou: Hangzhou
daxue chubanshe, 1991.
Simoons, Frederick J. Food in China, A Cultural and Historical Inquiry. Boca Raton: CRC
Press, 1991.
Zhang Zheyong 張哲永, Chen Jinlin 陳金林, and Gu Bingquan 顧炳權, eds. Zhongguo chajiu
cidian 中國茶酒辭典. Changsha: Hunan chubanshe, 1992.
Zhang Zheyong 張哲永, Chen Jinlin 陳金林, and Gu Bingquan 顧炳權, eds. Yinshi wenhua
cidian 飲食文化辭典. Changsha: Hunan chubanshe, 1993.
Lin Yinsheng 林銀生 et al., eds. Zhongguo shanggu pengshi zidian 中國上古烹食字典. Beijing:
Zhongguo shangye chubanshe, 1993.
H. T. Huang. Joseph Needham and Wang Ling, gen. eds. Science and Civilization in China:
Biology and Biological Technology: Fermentations and Food Science, Vol. 6.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Buell, Paul D. and Eugene N. Anderson, trans. A Soup for the Qan. London: Kegan Paul
International, 2000.
Official Titles
General
Hucker, Charles O. A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 1985. Ref JQ 1512 T53 213 1985
Han Dynasty
Wang Yü-ch’üan. “An Outline of the Central Government of the Former Han Dynasty.” HJAS 12
(1949): 134-85.
De Crespigny, Rafe. Official Titles of the Former Han Dynasty. Canberra: Australian University
Press, 1967. JQ 1512 D4
“Official Titles of the Han Dynasty: A Tentative List.” The Han Dynasty History Project,
University of Washington. Mimeo.
Bielenstein, Hans. The Bureaucracy of Han Times. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1980. JQ 1508 B53.
Six Dynasties
81
C-Translating the Language 82
Rogers, Michael C. The Chronicle of Fu Chien: A Case of Exemplar History. Berkeley and Los
Angeles: University of California Press, 1968. DS 741 C5 no. 10
Tang Dynasty
des Rotours, Robert. Le Traité des examens, traduit de la Nouvelle histoire des T’ang (chap. 44,
45). Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1932.
des Rotours, Robert. Traité des fonctionnaires et traité de l’armée, traduits de la Nouvelle
histoire des T’ang (chap. 46-50). 2 vols. 1947-48. rpt. San Francisco: Chinese Materials
Center, 1974. 315.1 H859t
Song Dynasty
Chang Fou-juei. Les Fonctionnaires des Song: index des titres. Paris: Mouton, 1962. DS 751 P36
v.5
Kracke, Edward A. A Translation of Sung Civil Service Titles. Paris: École Practique des Hautes
Etudes, 1957. DS 751 P36 v.2
Lo, Winston W. An Introduction to the Civil Service of Sung China: With Emphasis on Its
Personnel Administration. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987. Suzzallo/Allen
JQ1512.Z1 L6 1987
Yuan Dynasty
Ratchnevsky, Paul. Un Code des Yuan. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1937. 349.5 C44c Vol. 2: Paris:
Presses Universitaires de France, 1972; Vol. 3 (with Françoise Aubin): Paris: Collège de
France, Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, 1985.
For an index to volume one see:
Aubin, Françoise. “Index de ‘Un Code des Yuan’ de P. Ratchnevsky,” in Mélanges publiées par
l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, vol. 2., 423-515, Paris: Presses Universitaries de
France, 1960.
Farquahar, David M. The Government of China under Mongol Rule. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner,
1990.
Ming Dynasty
Hucker, Charles O. “Government Organization in the Ming Dynasty.” HJAS 21 (1958): 1-66. rpt.
in John L. Bishop, ed. Studies in Governmental Institutions in Chinese History, 57–151.
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968. JQ 1508 B57
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C-Translating the Language 83
Hucker, Charles O. “An Index of Terms and Titles in ‘Government Organization of the
Ming Dynasty.’“ HJAS 23 (1961): 127-51.
Hucker, Charles O., ed. Chinese Government in Ming Times. New York: Columbia University
Press, 1969.
Qing Dynasty
Mayers, William F. The Chinese Government: A Manual of Titles. 1877; 3rd ed. 1897; rpt.
Taipei: Ch’eng-wen, 1966.
Brunnert, H. S. and Hagelstrom, V. V. Present Day Political Organization of China. Revised by
N. Th. Kolessof; Translated by A. Beltchenko and E.E. Moran. 1912; rpt. Taipei: Book
World Co., 1960.
Buddhism
Demiéville, Paul and Junjiro Takakusu, eds. Hobogirin, Dictionnaire encyclopaedique du
Bouddhisme d’après les sources chinoises et japonaises. Fascicules I-VIII. Tokyo:
Maison Franco-Japonaises and Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Institut
de France, 1937-1999.
Mochizuki Shinkō 望月信亨 (1869-1948). Bukkyō dai jiten 佛教大辭典. 10 vols. 1909–1911,
1931–1936; rpt. and suppl. 1964. Tokyo: Seikai kankō kyōkai, 1954-1958. Ref BQ 128
M62 1954
Soothill, William Edward and Lewis Hodous, eds. A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms.
London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, Truber & Co. 1937. rpt. Kaohsiung: Buddhist Culture
Service, n.d.
Ciyi 慈怡, ed.-in-chief. Foguang dacidian 佛光大辭典. 8 vols. Gaoxiong: Foguang chubanshe,
1988.
Taoism
Li Shuhuan 李淑還, ed. Daojiao da cidian 道教大辭典. Taipei: Juliu tushu gongsi, 1979. Ref
BL 1923 T36 L5 1981
Zhongguo daojiao xiehui 中國道教協會, ed. Daojiao da cidian 道教大辭典. Beijing: Huaxia
chubanshe, 1994. BL 1923 C58 1994
Chang Zhizhe 張志哲, gen. ed. Daojiao wenhua cidian 道教文化辭典. Shanghai: Jiangsu guji
chubanshe, 1994.
Hu Fuchen 胡孚琛, ed. Zhonghua daojiao da cidian 中華道教大辭典. Beijing: Zhongguo
shehui kexue chubanshe, 1995.
Kohn, Livia. Taoism Handbook. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2000.
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C-Translating the Language 84
Schipper, Kristofer and Franciscus Verellen, eds. The Taoist Canon: A Historical Companion to
the Daozang. 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.
Problems of Translation
Bynner, Witter. “Translating Chinese Poetry.” Asia 21 (1921): 993-97; 1042-43.
Alekseev, Vassilii M. “La Littérature chinoise et son traducteur.” Chapter 2 of La Littérature
chinoise. Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1937.
Teele, Roy E. “Through a Glass Darkly.” Unpublished Diss. Columbia 1949.
Fang, Achilles. “Some Reflections on the Difficulty of Translation.” Studies in Chinese Thought.
Arthur F. Wright, ed., 263-85 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.
Schlepp, Wayne. Translating Chinese: A Poem by Ts’ui Hao. North Harrow: Middlesex: P.
Ward, 1964.
Yip Wai-lim. “The Chinese Poem: A Different Mode of Representation.” Delos, no. 3, (1969):
62-79.
Teele, Roy E. “Trends in Translation of Chinese Poetry, 1950-1970.” Tamkang Review 2-3
(1971-72): 479-93.
Turner, John. “Translating Chinese Poetry—My Aim and Scope.” Renditions, no. 5 (Autumn
1975): 50-58.
Kroll, Paul W. Review of Stephen Owen, The Poetry of the Early T’ang, CLEAR 1.1 (January
1979): 120-28.
Owen, Stephen. “A Defense.” CLEAR 1.2 (July 1979): 257-61.
Chan Sin-wai and David E. Pollard, eds. An Encyclopaedia of Translation: ChineseEnglish/English-Chinese Translation. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1994.
Eoyang, Eugene and Lin Yaofu, eds. Translating Chinese Literature. Bloomington and London:
Indiana University Press, 1995.
Alleton, Viviane and Michael Lackner, eds. De l’un au multiple, Traductions du chonois vers les
langues europénnes; Translating from Chinese into European Languages. Paris: Éditions
de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 1999.
Translation Bibliographies
Davidson, Martha, ed. A List of Published Translations from Chinese into English, French, and
German. Part I. Literature Exclusive of Poetry. Part II. Poetry. 2 vols. 1952; rpt. New
Haven: Far Eastern Publications, Yale University, 1957. Ref Z 7059 D38
Frankel, Hans H. Catalogue of Translations from the Chinese Dynastic Histories for the Period
220-960. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1957; rpt. Westport,
Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974.
Pokora, Timoteus. “The Present State of Translations from the Shih chi.” OE 9.2 (1962): 154-73.
__________. “Bibliographie des traductions du Che Ki: Chapitres 48-130 non traduits par
Édouard Chavannes dans les tomes I-V des Mémoires historiques,” in Edouard
Chavannes, trans. Les Mémoires historiques de Se-ma Ts’ien. 6 vols. 1895-1905; rpt.
Paris: Librairie d’Amerique et d’Orient Adrien Maisonneuve, 1967-69, pp.113-146.
84
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Wang Ermin 王爾敏, ed. Zhongguo wenxian xiyi shumu 中國文獻西譯書目. Taipei: Shangwu
yinshuguan, 1975.
Wong Kai-che, et al. A Research Guide to Chinese Verse. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
1976.
Wong, K. C., Pung Ho, and S.L. Dang. A Research Guide to English Translations of Chinese
Verse. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1977.
Notable Annotated Translations
Chavannes, Édouard, trans. Les Mémoires historiques de Se-ma Ts’ien. See under Pokora.
Dubs, Homer H., trans. The History of the Former Han. 3 vols. Baltimore: Waverly Press, 19381955.
Hightower, James Robert, trans. The Han Shih Wai Chuan; Han Ying’s Illustrations of the
Didactic Application of the Classic of Songs. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, 1952.
Hightower, James Robert, trans. The Poetry of T’ao Ch’ien. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1970.
Hervouet, Yves, trans. Le Chapitre 117 du Che ki (Biographie de Sseu-ma Siang-jou).
Bibliothèque de l’Institut des Hautes 尒 udes Chinoises, vol. 23. Paris: Presses
Universitaires de France, 1972.
Pokora, Timoteus, trans. Hsin-lun (New Treatise) and Other Writings by Huan T’an (43 B.C.-23
A.D.). Michigan Papers on Chinese Studies, no. 20. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese
Studies, University of Michigan, 1975.
Mather, Richard, trans. Shih-shuo hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press, 1976.
Hulsewé, A.F.P., trans. China in Central Asia. The Early Stage: 125 B.C.--A.D. 23. Sinica
Leidensia, vol. 14. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1979.
Graham, William T. Jr. ‘The Lament for the South’: Yü Hsin’s ‘Ai Chiang-nan fu’. Cambridge
Studies in Chinese History, Literature and Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1980.
Wixted, John Timothy. Poems on Poetry. Literary Criticism by Yüan Hao-wen (1190-1257).
Münchener Ostasiatische Studien 33. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982.
Knechtges, David R. Wen xuan or Selections of Refined Literature. 3 vols. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1982, 1987, 1996.
Nienhauser, William H., Jr., ed. Translated by Tsai-fa Cheng, Zongli Lu, William H. Nienhauser,
Jr., and Robert Reynolds. The Grand Scribe’s Records. Volume I. The Basic Annals of
Pre-Han China. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1994.
Nienhauser, William H., Jr., ed. Translated by Tsai-fa Cheng, Zongli Lu, William H. Nienhauser,
Jr., and Robert Reynolds, with Chiu-ming Chan. The Grand Scribe’s Records. Volume
VII. The Memoirs of Pre-Han China. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University
Press, 1994.
Nienhauser, William H., Jr., ed. The Grand Scribe’s Records. Volume II. The Basic Annals of
the Han Dynasty. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2002.
85
C-Translating the Language 86
Nienhauser, William H., ed. The Grand Scribe’s Records. Volume V.1. The Hereditary Houses
of Pre-Han China, Part I. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006.
Nienhauser, William H. and Reinhard Emerich, ed. The Grand Scribe’s Records. Volume VIII.
The Memoirs of Han China. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008.
86