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解 析 使 用 说 明 ：为 了 便 于 阅 读 ，本 解 析 采 用 不 用 的 颜 色 ，加 下 划 线 和
斜体，加粗等形式对文章进行标记。
红 色 部 分 :（ 第 1， 2， …,题 ） 表 示 各 个 题 目 的 答 案 所 在 地 。
加 下 划 线 和 斜 体 ：表 示 答 案 。由 于 有 时 答 案 密 集 ，分 别 用 加 下 划 线 和
斜体将前后不同题目的答案区分开来。
加粗：加粗的部分表示该单词或词组在后面或者段落下面做了注释。
另外，每道题的正确答案在题目后面用蓝色字体标明。
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RE ADING P ASS AGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on
Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.
MAKING EVERY DROP COUNT
A The history of human civilization is entwined(缠绕，交错) with the
history of the ways we have learned to manipulate（ 熟练控制或操纵） water
resources. （第 14 题） As towns gradually expanded, water was brought
from increasingly remote sources, leading to 通到; 导致 sophisticated
复杂的; 精良的 engineering efforts such as dams and aqueducts（输水道）. At
the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative
layout 布局,安排 of pipes and well-built sewers 污水管, supplied the
occupants 居住者 of Rome with as much water per person as is provided
in many parts of the industrial world today.（第 21 题）
【重点词组】be entwined with 与…缠绕，结合
The oak was entwined with ivy.
橡树被常春藤缠绕着。
A vine entwined the rod.
藤蔓缠住那根棒子。
They walked along with their fingers entwined.
他们手挽着手一路走。
leading to 通到; 导致
the winding road leading to the hut
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通向小屋的蜿蜒曲折的路
He studied the cycle of events leading to the Great Depression.
他研究了导致大萧条的一系列事件。
B
During the industrial revolution and population explosion of the 19th
and 20th centuries, the demand for water rose dramatically.
Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental（指
建筑物﹑ 雕塑等）巨大而了不起的 engineering projects designed to
control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for
irrigation and hydropower 水 力 发 电 brought great benefits to
hundreds of millions of people. Food production has kept pace with
soaring 猛增的,剧增的 populations mainly because of the expansion of
artificial 人工的, 人造的 irrigation systems that make possible the
growth of 40% of the world's food. （第 22 题）Nearly one fifth of all the
electricity generated worldwide is produced by turbines 涡轮 spun 使
某物快速旋转 by the power of falling water.
【重点词汇】dramatically [drə'mætikəli] great and sudden
引人注目地
从戏剧角度,显著地
adv. 戏剧地,
Accounting and banking have changed dramatically in the light of recent
developments in computers.
由于当今电子计算机的飞速发展，会计和银行业发生了急剧的变化。
America was many countries with dramatically different landscapes.
美国有许多不同的地域，各地的景色千差万别。
【难句解析】Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of
monumental（指建筑物﹑ 雕塑等）巨大而了不起的 engineering projects
designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide
water for irrigation and hydropower 水力发电 brought great benefits to
hundreds of millions of people.
成千上万的庞大的工程史无前例的建设控制了水患，保证了清洁水源的供应
，保障了灌溉和水力发电的运行。这些工程为数亿人民的生活带来了便利。
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C
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Yet there is a dark side to this picture: despite our progress, half of the
world's population still suffers, with water services inferior to 次于; 劣于
those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans. （第 15 题）As the
United Nations report on access to water reiterated 反 复 地 说 in
November 2001, more than one billion people lack access to 没有机会
接触 clean drinking water; some two and a half billion do not have
adequate sanitation 卫 生 系 统 或 设 备 services. Preventable
water-related diseases kill an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 children
every day, and the latest evidence suggests that we are falling behind
in 在某方面落后 efforts to solve these problems.
D
The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardising
危害，伤害 human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced
to move from their homes - （第 16 题）often with little warning or
compensation 赔偿金- to make way for 让路 the reservoirs behind
dams. More than 20%of all freshwater fish species are now threatened
or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroyed
the free-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive 繁荣, 茁壮成长.
Certain irrigation practices degrade 使降级 soil quality and reduce
agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers are being pumped down
faster than they are naturally replenished 把...装满 in parts of India,
China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water
resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national
and even international tensions.
【重点词汇】Replenish: replenish / rɪˈplenɪʃ; rɪˋplɛnɪʃ/ v
~ sth (with sth) fill sth again 再将某物充满:
Let me replenish your glass, eg with more wine. 我给你把杯子再斟满吧.
replenish one's wardrobe 添置衣服.
get a further supply of (sth) 补充某物:
replenish one's stocks of pet food, timber, notepaper, light bulbs 添置宠物的食
物﹑ 木材﹑ 信纸﹑ 灯泡.
We need to replenish our stocks of coal.
我们需要再次补充煤的储备。
tension :[作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数] condition when feelings
are tense or relations between people, groups, etc are strained 心情紧张的状
态; （人﹑ 团体等间）关系紧张的状态:
racial/political/social tension(s) 种族间的[政治上的/社会生活中的]紧张状态
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The incident has further increased the tension between the two countries. 该
事件导致两国关系更趋紧张.
E
At the outset 开始,开端 of the new millennium 一千年, however,
the way resource planners think about water is beginning to
change. （第17题）The focus is slowly shifting (转变，转换)back
to the provision of basic human and environmental needs as
top priority — ensuring some for all, Instead of more for some.
Some water experts are now demanding that existing
infrastructure be used in smarter ways rather than building new
facilities, which is increasingly considered the option of last,
not first, resort 对策. This shift in philosophy has not been
universally accepted, and it comes with strong opposition from
some established water organizations. Nevertheless, it may be
the only way to address successfully the pressing 紧迫的, 迫切
的 problems of providing everyone with clean water to drink,
adequate water to grow food and a life free from preventable
water-related illness.
【重点词汇】
Address: formal if you address a problem, you start trying to solve it
解决问题
address a problem/question/issue etc
Our products address the needs of real users.
The issue of funding has yet to be addressed.
address yourself to sth
Marlowe now addressed himself to the task of searching the room.
F
Fortunately — and unexpectedly — the demand for water is not rising as
rapidly as some predicted 预料. （第 18 题） As a result, the pressure to
build new water infrastructures 基础设施 has diminished over the past
two decades. Although population, industrial output and economic
productivity have continued to soar 急速升高 in developed nations,
the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers 地下蓄水层,
rivers and lakes has slowed. And in a few parts of the world, demand
has actually fallen. （第 24 题）
【重点词汇】
diminish (cause sth to) become smaller or less; decrease 变小; 变少;
使（某事物）变小; 使（某事物）变少; 缩小; 减少; 降低:
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His strength has diminished over the years. 经过这许多年月, 他的体力不如
从前了.
Nothing could diminish her enthusiasm for the project. 什麽也不能影响她对这
项计划的热忱.
diminishing hopes, supplies, funds 逐渐渺茫的希望﹑ 渐渐用完的物资﹑ 渐
渐枯竭的资金.
G
What explains this remarkable turn of events? （第19题） Two
factors: people have figured out how to use water more
efficiently, and communities are rethinking 重 新 考 虑 their
priorities for water use. Throughout the first three-quarters of
the 20th century, the quantity of freshwater consumed per
person doubled on average平均; in the USA, water withdrawals
increased tenfold 十倍地while the population quadrupled 成
为四倍. But since 1980, the amount of water consumed per
person has actually decreased, thanks to a range of new
technologies that help to conserve保存; 保藏water in homes
and industry. （第25题） In 1965, for instance, Japan used
approximately大概; 近乎13 million gallons 加仑，一种体积单位
of water to produce $1 million of commercial output; by 1989
this had dropped to 3.5 million gallons (even accounting for
inflation) — almost a quadrupling of water productivity. In the
USA, water withdrawals have fallen by more than 20 % from
their peak in 1980.
【重要词组】figure out 算出(想出,理解,断定,解决)
I can't figure out why he quit his job.
我琢磨不透他为什麽要辞掉工作.
The boy can't figure out the algebra problems.
这个男孩做不出这道代数题。
I can't figure out why he is absent.
我弄不明白他为什么缺席。
Output： quantity of goods, etc produced (by a machine, worker, etc) （机
器﹑ 工人等的）产量:
The average output of the factory is 20 cars a day. 该工厂的平均产量是每天
20 辆汽车.
We must increase our output to meet demand. 我们必须提高产量以满足需求.
the literary output of the year, ie all the books, etc published in a year 一年的
出版物数量.
H On the other hand, dams, aqueducts 水渠 and other kinds of
infrastructure will still have to be built, particularly in
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developing countries where basic human needs have not
been met. But such projects must be built to higher
specifications and with more accountability 责任心 to local
people and their environment than in the past. （第 20 题） And
even in regions where new projects seem warranted, we must
find ways to meet demands with fewer resources, respecting
ecological criteria 标准 and to a smaller budget 预算.
【重要词组】needs have not been met: meet the needs/need of
满足…的需要
meet the needs of the developing socialist modernization.
适应社会主义现代化建设事业发展的需要,
but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the need of
the family.
但是他的妻子没完没了地说他的薪水不足以养家糊口
Warrant：to need or deserve 须要，应受
This tiny crowd does not warrant such a large police presence.
warrant attention/consideration etc
Another area that warrants attention is that of funding for universities
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Questions 14-20
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A—H.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A and C—H from the list of
headings below. Write the correct number; i—xi, in boxes 14-20 on your
answer sheet.
List of Headings
iScientists' call for a revision of policy
ii An explanation for reduced water use
iii How a global challenge was met
iv Irrigation systems fall into disuse
v Environmental effects
vi The financial cost of recent technological improvements
vii The relevance to health
viii Addressing the concern over increasing populations
ix A surprising downward trend in demand for water
x The need to raise standards
xi A description of ancient water supplies
14 Paragraph A XI
Example
Paragraph B
Answer
iii
15 Paragraph C VII
16 Paragraph D V
17 Paragraph E I
18 Paragraph F IX
19 Paragraph G II
20 Paragraph H X
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注 ： 14-15题 只 把 段 落 的 中 心 句 在 文 章 中 标 示 出 来 。
Questions 21-26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in
Reading Passage 2? In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, write
YES
NO
if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVENif it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
21 Water use per person is higher in the industrial world than it was in
Ancient Rome. NO
22 Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved
irrigation systems. YES
23 Modern water systems imitate those of the ancient Greeks and
Romans. NOT GIVEN（未在文章中标示，阅读区间为 C 段）
24 Industrial growth is increasing the overall demand for water. NO
25 Modern technologies have led to a reduction in domestic water
consumption. YES
26 In the future, governments should maintain ownership of water
infrastructures. NOT GIVEN（未在文章中标示，阅读区间为 H 段）
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