English II Honors Summer Reading Assignment ENGLISH IIH SUMMER READING ASSIGNMENT The English II Honors summer reading assignment will prepare you for the academic rigor of the honors track program. This assignment will be due at the beginning of the class period when you return to school on August 9th. Late work will NOT be accepted. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Jessica Winget at JWinget@susd.org PART 1: Greek and Roman Mythology Review STEPS: 1. Identify the mythological characters listed below. a. 2. Create flashcards for the mythological characters listed below. a. 3. Go to www.theoi.com and use the encyclopedia provided (also, check out the Pantheon of the Gods link for quick facts on the Olympians) or get a copy of Edith Hamilton’s Mythology and read about each of these mythological characters. On the front of the flashcard write the name of the god, person or creature. On the back of the card, explain the origin (or birth) of the character, the key events (challenges and/or adventures) in this character’s life, the death of this character (if any) and list any objects or special roles/responsibilities that are associated with this character. NOTE – three of the terms are places, so for these you will need to explain the set-up of this place. Review your flashcards in preparation for a test the first week of school. Greek and Roman Mythological Characters: PRIMEVAL GODS 1. Gaea 2. Uranus THE TITANS 3. Cronus 4. Rhea 5. Prometheus 6. Atlas THE OLYMPIAN GODS 7. Zeus (Jove) 8. Hera (Juno) 9. Poseidon (Neptune) 10. Hades (Pluto) 11. Pallas Athena (Minerva) 12. Phoebus Apollo 13. Artemis (Diana) 14. Aphrodite (Venus) 15. Hermes (Mercury) 16. Ares (Mars) 17. Hephaestus (Vulcan) 18. Hestia (Vesta) OTHER GODS 19. Demeter 20. Persephone 21. Hecate 22. Dionysus 23. Eros/ Cupid 24. Pan 25. The Graces 26. The Muses 27. The Furies (Erinyes) 28. The Fates CREATURES 29. The Sirens 30. Chiron (The Centuar) 31. Chimaera 32. Gorgons (focus on Medusa) 33. Pegasus 34. Phoenix 35. Harpy PEOPLE 36. Pandora 37. Narcissus 38. Psyche 39. Jason 40. Medea 41. Daedalus 42. Perseus 43. Theseus 44. Minos 45. Hercules 46. Atalanta 47. Helen of Troy 48. Achilles 49. Agamemnon 50. Electra 51. Orestes 52. Cassandra 53. Odysseus 54. Aeneas 55. Oedipus 56. Antigone 57. Midas PLACES 58. Mount Olympus 59. Hades (The Underworld) 60. Tartarus English II Summer Assignment PART 2a: Literature Study – The Novel STEPS: 1. 2. Read the following text: The Aeneid by Virgil. a. Locate a copy of this text and read it. It is your responsibility to obtain your summer reading books. This book can be purchased at a local bookstore, ordered online or checked out from the library. There are many translations of this story. You may select the one you find the most user friendly. b. As you read, you will want to mark (if it is your own copy) or flag (if it is a library copy) passages that demonstrate steps in The Hero’s Journey (explained in the next step). c. Use the following website when you need to find quick definitions for the people, creatures and places you will read about in the book: www.mythweb.com/find/index.html Complete a Hero’s Journey Chart on The Aeneid. Your chart must be created on a separate piece of paper. (The chart format is explained below.) Remember, not every story includes every step. If you need a quick review of the steps in the Hero’s Journey archetype, then visit the following website: http://www.mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/smc/journey/ref/summary.html If you need more than a quick review , or if you are not familiar with the Hero’s Journey archetype, I highly recommend you explore the following website: http://www.mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/smc/journey/ We will be working with this archetype extensively this year and you will need to be very comfortable with it. English II Summer Assignment Hero’s Journey Chart Format Summary (summarize what happens in the story in this step) Quotes with citations (select quotes that highlight this step these MUST be cited) Significance (evaluate why this step was included in the story) DEPARTURE: The Call to Adventure Refusal of the Call Supernatural Aid The Crossing of the First Threshold The Belly of the Whale INITITATION: The Road of Trials The Meeting with the Goddess Temptation Atonement with the Father Apotheosis The Ultimate Boon RETURN: Refusal of the Return The Magic Flight Rescue from Without The Crossing of the Return Threshold Master of Two Worlds Freedom to Live 3. This assignment is due the first day of school. LATE WORK WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED. NOTE – A key trait of Successful Honors English Students is that they are readers. They do not cut corners on novel reading assignments; they do not skim novels or use summaries of novels in place of reading the original work. Successful Honors English Students know that those choices stunt their literacy development, put them behind their peers in terms of skill level and reduce their potential scores on standardized tests like the S.A.T. and A.C.T. Successful Honors English Students take time and put effort into required reading assignments, but they also dedicate time to personal reading. I would expect an Honors student to read between five and eight books of choice over the course of the summer. This is not a requirement of this assignment, nor will it be graded. The choice to do this is, however, an indication of how prepared you will be for the reading expectations of your sophomore year. I look forward to discussing your free reading selections with you in the fall. I am always on the lookout for new books to read. English II Summer Assignment PART 2: Literature Study – The Plays STEPS: 1. 2. Read the following plays: Medea by Euripides, Oedipus Rex (also known as Oedipus the King) by Sophocles and Antigone by Sophocles. a. Locate a copy of these plays and read them. It is your responsibility to obtain your summer reading books. All of these plays can be purchased at a local bookstore, ordered online or checked out from the library. They are also available as full texts online at the following websites: Medea - http://www.enotes.com/medea-text/Medea Oedipus Rex - http://www.enotes.com/oedipus-rex-text/oedipus-rex Antigone - http://www.enotes.com/antigone-text/antigone b. As you read the novel, you will want to mark (if it is your own copy) or flag (if it is a library copy), or highlight (if you are reading the play on a website – you will need to copy and paste it in a word document first) passages that answer the reading questions (explained in the next step). The study guides included below are for you. They will not be collected, or graded. I would recommend that you review the questions before you begin reading, mark/flag/highlight passages as you read, take notes from your reading on the study guides and review your notes before you return in the fall. The more active you are when you read, the better prepared you will be when you are assessed over these plays. c. Use the following website when you need to find quick definitions for the people, creatures and places you will read about in the plays: www.mythweb.com/find/index.html You will be assessed over these plays the first week of school. . MEDEA STUDY GUIDE by Dr. Rebecca Ann Wall 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. What background facts do we learn from the Nurse's opening speech? (See E. Hamilton, Mythology, chapter 7.) What new trouble has the Tutor heard of? Why does the Nurse fear for Medea's children? Why does the Nurse say she prefers not to be great? Whom do the members of the Chorus represent? What excuse does Euripides use to bring Medea out in front of her house? What role did women play in ancient Greek society? (See especially ll. 229-56.) How is Medea's situation worse than it would be if she were a native of the city? What promise does Medea ask for and receive from the Chorus? What new misfortune does Kreon bring to Medea? According to Medea, no sensible person would want clever children. Why? Why is Kreon's love for his home and family especially bitter to Medea? What one request of Medea's does Kreon grant? Is he really being merciful? What does Medea resolve to do? Who was Medea's grandfather? (See l. 403.) According to the Chorus, which sex is cruel and deceitful toward the other? Why have poets said otherwise? Whom does Jason blame for Medea's sorrow? What has Medea done for Jason? What justifications does Jason offer for his actions? How do Medea and the Chorus respond to Jason's defense? What does the Chorus say about what makes love desirable or not desirable? Who swears to help Medea IF she comes safely to his land? (Why would this part get special attention from the play's original audience?) What terrible plan does Medea reveal to the Chorus? Why will she do it? Why does the Chorus praise Athens in ll. 808-21? Why does Medea speak of women as she does in ll. 865-69? What are Medea and the Chorus thinking of in ll. 870-82? Does Jason understand? Why are his next words ironic? Why does Medea weep again? English II Summer Assignment 27. What struggle occurs in Medea in ll. 1035-1042? 28. According to the Chorus, the childless are more fortunate than those who have children. Why? 29. How do Medea and the audience learn about the fate of Kreon and his daughter? (Compare this with the way we learn of Jocasta's death and Oedipus's blinding in Oedipus the King.) 30. How is the death of Medea's children staged? 31. Why is Jason's speech in ll. 1268-1280 ironic? 32. What satisfaction does Medea find in her horrible deed? (See l. 1337.) 33. What final comfort does Medea refuse to allow Jason to have? 34. How does the play end? Does this suggest that the gods approve of Medea's actions? Food for thought: Euripides produced this play about the fury of a mistreated foreign woman in 431 BCE, just as Athens, at the height of its oppressive empire (Athenian "allies" were subject states), began its fatal war with Sparta. What does the fate of Medea and of those who mistreat and oppress her say to its own time? Might it shed any light on the problem of terrorism in our own time? What happens to the characters of both when one human being treats another as Jason treats Medea? What happens to Medea when she gets her terrible revenge? Does this play inspire "pity [for unmerited suffering] and fear [for the suffering of someone like ourselves]" as Aristotle says tragedy should do? Or does it simply horrify us? OEDIPUS REX STUDY GUIDE by Dr. L. Kip Wheeler 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. What agricultural problems has Thebes been having at the opening of the play? Why are seers like Ismenus trying to create prophecies and why are folks crowding to the shrine of Pallas Athena to make offerings? What three "blights" have fallen on the city in lines 27 onward? When the chorus states that the realm of Pluto "is full fed," what does that mean? What is the "fell songstress" referred to in lines 40-45, and why do the crowds consider Oedipus especially suitable for solving mysteries or riddles as a result of his encounter with this singer? In lines 64 onward, Oedipus refers to the people of the city as "my poor children." What does this reveal abut Oedipus's attitude toward his relationship with the city of Thebes? Who or what is the Oracle at Delphi and why do the Thebans hope this Oracle can help them? Who was King of Thebes before Oedipus took the job? Why didn't the Thebans avenge the king's death? (i.e., What new and more pressing problem distracted them from finding and punishing the murderer?) When the chorus sings in the first strophe, they call upon three gods. (1) Apollo (the Healer of Delos who inhabits the Pythian shrine), (2) Athena, and (3) Artemis. Why are these three gods suitable for invocation before hunting a murderer? Why not call upon Nike (Victory), Rhea (Justice), or Zeus the Avenger? In Strophe 3, the Chorus prays that Ares should flee "in sudden rout." Why do they want Ares to run away? Why do they call upon Apollo (the morrow's sun) and Father Zeus to slay the immortal Ares? Isn't killing a god technically impossible? So what is Sophocles getting at figuratively? In Antistrophe 3, the Chorus calls upon Apollo (the Lycean King) and Bacchus. We hear that Bacchus has "golden-snooded hair." What is a snell, and what does it mean to be snooded? Why is it appropriate to call on Bacchus? Oedipus gives a practical set of reasons why he should seek out the murderer. List one of these reasons. In lines 233 onward, what public proclamation or call does Oedipus make to the people of Thebes reminiscent of "crime stoppers"? In lines 240 onward, what does Oedipus declare as punishment for Lais' murderer? In lines 254-55, what events is this murderer forbidden to take part in? What does Oedipus declare about his pronounced curse if it should turn out that Oedipus himself has given him admittance to his own hearth? Oedipus asks Teiresias, "Is this a plot of Creon, or thine own?" Why might Oedipus think Creon is plotting against him? What does Teiresias mean when he says that Oedipus is a "double-foe / To thine own kin" in lines 449-50? Why is Teiresias bringing up marriage songs or hymeneals and saying Oedipus will wail when he learns of that song? After you've finished reading the entire play, review line 488 and explain the dramatic irony. What does Creon claim about his own attitude to becoming a king in lines 615 onward? In lines 640, how does Creon say Oedipus should punish him if any evidence shows that he conspired with the prophet? Why does the Choragos think Jocasta is particularly fit to be a peacemaker in the feud between Creon and Oedipus when she first appears on stage in lines 675-78? Why does Jocasta say the two men ought to be ashamed of themselves for fighting? What evidence does Jocasta offer to Oedipus in lines 764 onward that no man has "scot or lot in the prophetic art" (i.e., that prophecy doesn't work)? English II Summer Assignment 26. What did Laius do the ankles of his three-day old son? (After you've read the play and seen the story's end, explain how this connects with Oedipus's name?) 27. In line 785, the stage directions suggest what about Oedipus's emotional reaction to hearing Jocasta's tale? 28. After you've finished reading the entire play, review lines 803-804 and explain the dramatic irony behind Jocasta's description of Laius's appearance. 29. After you've finished reading the entire play, review lines 1137-39 and explain the dramatic irony behind Oedipus's statement that Jocasta's honor cannot be besmirched because of Oedipus's lineage. 30. Explain the symbolism of Oedipus looking up to the sun in lines 1270-75. Why does Sophocles have Oedipus look at the sun at this particular point in the story. Food for thought: Does prophecy allow for the existence of free-will? ANTIGONE STUDY GUIDE by Dr. L. Kip Wheeler 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. What royal decree does Antigonê reveal to Ismenê in the opening scene of the play? What happened to Antigonê's two brothers? How did they die? Why has Creon decided to handle the funeral arrangements for each brother so differently? What penalty has Creon proclaimed as punishment for anyone who defies his commands? How does Antigone plan to break the law? (i.e., what law is she going to break?) Why does Ismenê refuse to help Antigonê? List at least two of the three of the reasons she presents at various times during the play. Why does Antigonê think that the dead, not the living, make the longest demands? Why does Antigonê respond with scorn to Ismenê's helpful suggestions about how to go about burying the body on page 63? In scene one, Creon is speaking to the chorus. What does he compare the state to? What obligations does he say a person has when that person sees the government "headed for ruin"? Why does that become ironic given his later actions in the play? Characterize the way the sentry talks when he first appears to bring Creon the news about the body. What do his hesitations and ramblings suggest about his emotional state? How did this particular sentry get stuck with the job of delivering this news to Creon? Why do you suppose the sentries chose to make the selection this way? What does this suggest about Creon's characteristics? What does that in turn suggest about how a director might cast this part? What does Creon think must have happened to cause the sentries to neglect their duty and let the body be buried? Who does the sentry drag in as the culprit before Creon's throne? Why is this shocking? Why is Ismenê arrested after they have the culprit? What does Creon think the two girls have been up to? What do his suspicions reveal about Creon's motivations? Why does Antigonê refuse to let Ismenê be executed with her? What is Haimon's relationship to Antigoné? What is the general public's reaction to Antigonê's arrest? How does Haimon respond to his father's argument that "the state is king"? Note the line where Haimon says, "Then she must die.--But her death causes another." What is he actually talking about or predicting? What does Creon mistakenly think Haimon's talking about or predicting? When Creon calls Haimon a "girlstruck fool," what does he mean? How do you know the word "girlstruck" meant that even though you won't find it in a dictionary? (from Lecture: what is the technical term for a made-up word like this?) Ode III contains a hymn sung to a deity. What deity does the chorus sing to? When Antigonê is locked away in the vault, she speaks of the deity Persephone. Who is Persephone and why is she an appropriate mythlogical allusion for this situation? (You might want to look in a mythological guide on-line to find this out). In Ode IV, the Chorus sings about Danaê. Who was Danaê and why is she an appropriate mythological allusion? (You might want to look in a mythological guide on-line to find this out). What horrible omens does Teiresias point to in scene 5 that indicate the gods are upset? What motivates Teiresias's prophecies, according to Creon's cynical view? What does Antigonê do in her cell at the end of the play? How does she manage to do this when she has no rope? What does Haimon do when he discovers what Antigonê did? What does Eurydicê do when she finds out about Haimon's actions? When Creon finds out about his wife's death, what does he ask for from the choragos and the messenger? Do either the choragos or the messenger grant him his request? Food for thought: What does this play suggest about the Greek attitude toward the state? Toward the divine? Toward tragedy? English II Summer Assignment PART 3: Literary Terms STEPS: 1. Review the Color-marking and Annotating Terms provided below. You are to make flashcards for each literary term (literary terms are underlined). 2. Review the definitions for each literary term. 3. There will be a quiz over these literary terms when you return in the fall. a. b. Expect to see matching questions (definition and term) Identification questions (a sample is provided and you must identify the literary device). I. Color-Marking and Annotating Terms A. Style 1. Voice a. Character/speaker – person in a story or poem 1) Central character a) Protagonist – the central character b) Antagonist – the character the protagonist struggles against 2) Character type a) b) 3) 4) Change Static – a character that does not change much Dynamic – a character that changes in an important way Depth Flat – a character that has only one or two personality traits Round – a character that has many dimensions to his/her personality Characterization – the process by which a writer reveals the personality of a character a) Direct – telling Through the use of names Through appearance Editorial comments by the author b) Indirect – showing (a gradual process) Through dialogue about self and others Through action Character Motivation – the driving force behind a character’s action English II Summer Assignment b. Point of View – the perspective from which a story is told 1) First Person – the narrator is a character in the story and shares his/her thoughts and feelings (I) 2) Third Person – the narrator is outside the story (he, she, they) a) Third Person Limited – the narrator is outside the story and shares the thoughts and feeling of one character b) Third Person Omniscient – the narrator is outside the story and shares the thoughts and feelings of all characters c) Third Person Dramatic – the narrator is outside the story and shares only the actions and dialogue of the characters c. Tone – the author’s implied attitude about a subject 1) Irony - a contrast between expectations and reality a) Verbal Irony – contrast between what a speaker literally says and what they mean b) Situational Irony – an event/situation that turns out to be the opposite of what is expected or appropriate c) Dramatic Irony – when the audience knows something that characters do not Word Choice 2. Word Choice a. Diction – word choice 1) Denotation – the dictionary definition of a word 2) Connotation - the emotional associations evoked by a word a) Double Entendre – when a word/phrase has a secondary meaning 2. Sentence Fluency a. Syntax – the arrangement of words or phrases in a sentence 1) Cadence – the rhythmic movement of writing b. Rhyme – matching similarity of sounds in two or more words 1) End Rhyme – words at the end of lines of poetry that rhyme 2) Internal Rhyme – words in different lines of poetry that rhyme c. Assonance – the repetition of vowel sounds in words that end with different consonant sounds. d. Alliteration – the repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighboring words B. Mechanics 1. Conventions a. Grammar, spelling, punctuation English II Summer Assignment b. Stylistic use of conventions Consider: 1) How does the use of conventions affect organization and sentence fluency? 2) How does the use of conventions affect the presentations of ideas and the development of voice? C. Content 1. Ideas and Content a. Conflict –a struggle or clash between opposing characters, forces or emotions 1) Internal Conflict – a struggle between opposite needs, desires or emotions within a single character 2) External Conflict – when a character struggles against an outside force b. Epiphany – moment of sudden insight c. Theme – insight into human nature; comment or statement that author makes about the issue, problem, subject d. Imagery – details that appeal to the senses; they trigger the imagination to form mental pictures e. Figures of Speech – a word or phrase not meant to be taken literally 1) Simile – comparing two unlike things using a connective (e.g. like, as, resembles) 2) Metaphor – comparing two unlike things directly 3) Personification – giving human qualities to objects, animals, plants or ideas 4) Symbol – any object or action that represents something beyond itself; it can be traditional (established, recognizable symbols = archetypes) or original Keep in mind: a) Is the symbol important to the text? Does it occur repeatedly? Does it appear at a climactic moment? b) Does the text call for a deeper interpretation? c) Does the symbolic reading make sense? Does it address the literal details without destroying them? 2. Organization – how the ideas are arranged from introduction to conclusion; influenced by the genre (type of literary work) a. Plot –a series of related events that make up a story 1) Exposition – introduces setting (time and place), characters and conflict 2) Rising Action – adds complications 3) Climactic Scene - scene of highest tension; turning point 4) Falling Action – complications are unraveled 5) Resolution – conflicts are settled b. Flashback –a scene that interrupts the present action of the plot to tell what happened at an earlier time c. Foreshadowing – clues that hint at what will happen later in the story English II Summer Assignment PART 4: Stem Vocabulary Terms STEPS: 1. Create a flashcard for each stem word given in this packet. For these flash cards, you can take a standard 3 x 5 index card and cut it in half to make 2 cards. a. On the front side of the flashcard, write the stem word; on the back side of the flashcards, write the definition for that stem and then draw a picture that represents that stem. Example: Front Side Stem Word Back Side Definition Picture b. Number each card in the upper left corner of the front side of the index card. c. Hole punch the cards in the upper right corner of the front side of the index card. Then put all the cards on a locking research ring to keep them together. 2. Review the definitions for each stem word. 3. There will be a quiz over these stem words when you start school in the fall. English II Summer Reading Assignment 1. ante (before) 2. anti (against) 3. bi (two) 4. circum (around) 5. com (together) 6. con (together) 7. de (down) 8. dis (away) 9. equi (equal) 10. extra (beyond) 11. inter (between) 12. intra (within) 13. intro (into) 14. mal (bad) 15. mis (bad) 16. non (not) 17. post (after) 18. pre (before) 19. semi (half) 20. sub (under) 21. super (over) 22. syn (together) 23. sym (together) 24. tri (three) 25. un (not) 26. archy (government) 27. ard (always) 28. cide (kill) 29. ician (specialist) 30. itis (inflammation) 31. aqua (water) 32. audi (hear) 33. bell (war) 34. cap (take) 35. cise (cut) 36. bio (life) 37. auto (self) 38. port (carry) 39. scrib (write) 40. logy (science) 41. dict (say) 42. cred (believe) 43. cent (one hundred) 44. neo (new) 45. ad (to) 46. cede (go) 47. miss (send) 48. centri (center) 49. biblio (book) 50. anthropo (man) 51. homo (same) 52. spec (look) 53. duct (lead) 54. fer (carry) 55. pend (hang) 56. micro (small) 57. hydro (water) 58. photo (light) 59. pan (all) 60. penta (five) 61. tele (far) 62. vid (look) 63. omni (all) 64. ex (out) 65. poly (many) 66. re (again) 67. hypo (under) 68. pseudo (false) 69. neuro (nerve) 70. tomy (cut) 71. hema (blood) 72. proto (first) 73. phon (sound) 74. mono (one) 75. viv (life) 76. morph (shape) 77. vest (clothes) 78. bene (good) 79. pond (weight) 80. corp (body) 81. dorm (sleep) 82. pater (father) 83. nov (new) 84. punct (point) 85. ject (throw) 86. tion (act or state) 87. loco (place) 88. dox (opinion) 89. amphi (both) 90. magn (great) 91. eu (good) 92. endo (within) 93. phobia (fear) 94. ortho (straight) 95. put (think) 96. ver (true) 97. matri (mother) 98. mega (large) 99. pop (people) 100. sangui (blood) 101. vita (life) 102. demo (people) 103. stereo (solid) 104. ism (doctrine) 105. cogn (know) 106. sur (over) 107. alter (other) 108. astr (star) 109. dyna (power) 110. chron (time) 111. hyper (over) 112. luna (moon) 113. octa (eight) 114. gryo (turn) 115. contra (against) 116. geo (earth) 117. helio (sun) 118. thermo (heat) 119. tetra (four) 120. meter (measure) 121. scope (look) 122. son (sound) 123. dec (ten) 124. stell (star) 125. amat (love) 126. germ (vital or related) 127. greg (group) 128. mar (sea) 129. prim (first) 130. pyro (fire) 131. clam (cry out) 132. plu (more) 133. tang (touch) 134. string (bind) 135. liber (free) 136. junct (join) 137. clud (close) 138. se (apart) 139. trib (pay) 140. dign (worthy) 141. luc (light) 142. rupt (break) 143. grat (pleasing) 144. medi (middle) 145. soph (wisdom) 146. curr (run) 147. tempor (time) 148. migr (wander) 149. trans (across) 150. gamy (marriage) 151. numer (number) 152. fort (strong) 153. osteo (bone) 154. ornith (bird) 155. polis (city) 156. fus (pour) 157. ego (I) 158. spir (breathe) 159. dia (across) 160. acr (sharp) 161. aacro (high) 162. culp (blame) 163. derm (skin) 164. zo (animal) 165. per (through) 166. pac (peace) 167. brev (short) 168. necro (death) 169. urb (city) 170. pugn (fight) 171. ecto (outer) 172. plasto (molded) 173. agog (leader) 174. cle (small) 175. il (not) 176. sed (sit) 177. leg (read) 178. anim (mind) 179. tort (twist) 180. nym (name) 181. sanct (holy) 182. meta (change) 183. petr (rock) 184. mir (wonder) 185. man (hand) 186. rect (right) 187. volv (roll) 188. demi (half) 189. retro (backward) 190. sens (feel) 191. fy (make) 192. ocul (eye) 193. cur (care for) 194. ultra (beyond) 195. oid (appearance) 196. gest (carry) 197. apt (fit) 198. tact (touch) 199. voc (voice) 200. rid (laugh) 201. path (feeling) 202. a (not) 203. nomy (law) 204. fid (faith) 205. caco (bad) 206. hetero (different) 207. sci (know) 208. graph (write) 209. lat (side) 210. lith (rock) 211. tract (pull) 212. in (in or not) 213. co (together) 214. phile (love) 215. ine (nature of) 216. -ar (relating to) 217. hexa (six) 218. fract (break) 219. platy (flat) 220. theo (god) 221. fin (end) 222. hedron (sided object) 223. ambul (walk) 224. ous (full of) 225. topo (place) 226. ped (foot or child) 227. mort (death) 228. carn (flesh) 229. psych (soul) 230. ethno (race or culture) 231. gen (origin) 232. nat (born) 233. paleo (old) 234. curs (run) 235. crypt (hidden) 236. cad (fall) 237. capit (head) 238. loqu (talk) 239. sacro (holy) 240. uni (one) 241. ness (quality) 242. alt (high) 243. ics (art) 244. iso (equal) 245. vert (turn) 246. ate (cause) 247. cor (heart) 248. ess (female) English II Summer Reading Assignment 249. muta (change) 250. fug (flee) 251. –I (plural) 252. jus (law) 253. lum (light) 254. ann (year) 255. apo (away or up) 256. sen (old) 257. sol (alone) 258. bas (low) 259. rogat (ask) 260. parl (speak) 261. potent (power) 262. surg (rise) 263. log (word or reason) 264. gram (writing) 265. cant (sing) 266. reg (rule) 267. pro (forward) 268. gyn (woman) 269. ag (to do) 270. act (to do) 271. mob (move) 272. sess (sit) 273. fic (make) 274. nounce (tell) 275. andro (man) 276. an- (without) 277. ab (away) 278. mel (song) 279. aden (gland) 280. aer (air) 281. alb (white) 282. ase (enzyme) 283. epi (on) 284. hum (earth) 285. –be (life) 286. bon (good) 287. struct (build) 288. chlor (green) 289. cyan (blue) 290. cyt (cell) 291. diplo (double) 292. dys (bad) 293. eco (house) 294. emia (blood) 295. enter (intestine) 296. erythro (red) 297. idio (peculiar) 298. exo (out) 299. im (not) 300. fil (thread) 301. chrom (color) 302. form (shape) 303. sequ (follow) 304. glyc (sweet) 305. hemo (blood) 306. ultima (last) 307. infra (beneath) 308. leuko (white) 309. lys (break down) 310. meso (middle) 311. milli (thousandth) 312. mem (remember) 313. gress (step) 314. labor (work) 315. myo (muscle) 316. vac (empty) 317. oligo (few or small) 318. ose (sugar) 319. osis (condition) 320. tude (state of) 321. patho (disease) 322. phag (eat) 323. phor (carry) 324. phyt (plant) 325. phyll (leaf) 326. pleo (more) 327. pod (foot) 328. soror (sister) 329. –a (plural) 330. val (worth) 331. para (beside, near) 332. dom (rule) 333. erg (work) 334. rhiz (root) 335. sapro (rotten) 336. schizo (divide) 337. hippo (horse) 338. som (body) 339. spor (seed) 340. sta (stop) 341. rhodo (rose) 342. taxis (arrangement) 343. vol (will) 344. frat (brother) 345. trich (hair) 346. troph (nourishment) 347. tox (poison) 348. sect (cut) 349. zygo (yoke) 350. zym (ferment) 351. tropo (turn) 352. gastro (stomach) 353. arthro (joint) 354. ventri (belly) 355. dors (back) 356. macro (large) 357. dextro (right or clockwise) 358. brachy (short) 359. brachio (arm) 360. branchio (gills) 361. kin (motion) 362. phylo (kind) 363. blasto (embryo) 364. dactylo (finger) 365. phos (light) 366. gon (angle) 367. lite (mineral or fossil) 368. vore (eating) 369. holo (whole) 370. haplo (single or simple) 371. opia (sight) 372. lent (full of) 373. ef (out) 374. ium (an element) 375. dicho (in two parts) 376. anglo (english) 377. ist (one who) 378. saur (lizard) 379. pithec (ape) 380. calli (beautiful) 381. austro (south) 382. cephalo (head) 383. chiro (hand) 384. caust (burn) 385. terr (land) 386. cata (down) 387. jur (swear) 388. flu (flow) 389. here (stick) 390. pos (put) 391. mund (world) 392. cracy (government) 393. mania (madness) 394. ize (make) 395. antho (flower) 396. algia (pain) 397. somn (sleep) 398. quadr (four) 399. err (wander) 400. sine (without) 401. lingu (tongue) 402. mot (move) 403. nav (ship) 404. und (wave) 405. flect (bend) 406. coron (crown) 407. aur (gold) 408. liter (letter) 409. rat (think) 410. sis (condition) 411. par (equal) 412. mens (measure) 413. mony (condition) 414. quin (five) 415. socio (society) 416. ovi (egg) 417. phasia (speech) 418. pter (wing) 419. phen (appearance) 420. hist (tissue) 421. glott (tongue) 422. phan (appearance) 423. peri (near or around) 424. pot (drink) 425. via (road) 426. atom (vapor) 427. cardio (heart) 428. cosmo (world or universe) 429. counter (against) 430. cranio (skull) 431. cyclo (circle) 432. gno (know) 433. oss (bone) 434. xylo (wood) 435. monger (seller) 436. sept (seven) 437. xeno (stranger) 438. vas (vessel) 439. fore (front) 440. ish (like) 441. less (without) 442. baro (pressure) 443. ferro (iron) 444. quasi (somewhat) 445. nesia (island) 446. lepsy (attack) 447. let (little) 448. nano (billionth 449. pico (trillionth) 450. ideo (idea) 451. ven (come) 452. ichthy (fish) 453. pulse (drive) 454. calor (heat) 455. sol (sun) 456. strat (layer) 457. nuc (center) 458. sat (enough) 459. protero (early) 460. mont (mountain) 461. kilo (thousand) 462. myria (many) 463. tachy (quick) 464. fiss (split) 465. cumu (heaped) 466. meteor (high) 467. hibern (winter) 468. di (two) 469. bath (deep) 470. cirr (hair) 471. grav (heavy) 472. solv (loosen) 473. ophthal (eye) 474. oma (tumor) 475. rub (red) 476. mela (black) 477. vice (in place of) 478. foli (leaf) 479. atom (vapor) 480. orb (circle) 481. multi (many) 482. ign (fire) 483. moll (soft) 484. lin (line) 485. hemi (half) 486. oo (egg) 487. grade (step) 488. pneumo (lung) 489. radi (ray) 490. oscu (mouth) 491. ob (against) 492. vect (carry) 493. digit (finger) 494. gymno (naked) 495. plasm (form) 496. narco (sleep) 497. vermi (worm) 498. lign (wood) 499. dendr (tree) 500. lachry (tear)