Feasibility Study Report
Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
(UNV/UNAIDS GIPA Initiative in Viet Nam)
June 2004
Feasibility Study Area
: Ha Noi, HCMC, Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, An Giang
Feasibility Study Period
: March – April 2004
Team
: Nguyen Cuong Quoc; UNAIDS GIPA Officer
Tran Thi Hai; UNV GIPA Development Team Translator
Brenton Wong; UNV GIPA Project Development Specialist
Bethlehem Attfield; UNV GIPA Project Development Specialist
The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views
of UNAIDS or United Nations Volunteers.
Feasibility Study Report, Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
Table of Contents:
List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Analytical Framework ....................................................................................................................... 5
Limitations of the Methodology ........................................................................................................ 5
The National Strategy on HIV/AIDS ................................................................................................. 5
Report on the Situation in each Geographical Area........................................................................... 6
Ho Chi Minh City ............................................................................................................................... 6
Hai Phong .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Quang Ninh ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Ha Noi .............................................................................................................................................. 12
An Giang .......................................................................................................................................... 13
General Findings .............................................................................................................................. 15
Summary of Findings ....................................................................................................................... 16
Feasibility Analysis for a UNV/UNAIDS GIPA Project ................................................................. 18
Appendix 1: List of people involved in GIPA development study (1/3/2004 – 20/4/2004)............ 21
Appendix 2: List of documents consulted ....................................................................................... 25
Appendix 3: List of people who participated in the project development advisory group .............. 27
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List of Acronyms
AIDS
:
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ARC
:
Australian Red Cross
ARV
:
Anti retro-viral
BCC
:
Behavior Change and Communication
CDC
:
Center for Disease Control
DSEP
:
Department of Social Evils Prevention
DoH
:
Department of Health
DoLISA
:
Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs
GIPA
:
Greater Involvement of People living with HIV/AIDS
HCMC
:
Ho Chi Minh City
HIV
:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
IDU
:
Injecting Drug Users
IEC
:
Information, Education and Communication
IUNV
:
International United Nations Volunteer
MoH
:
Ministry of Health
MoHA
:
Ministry of Home Affairs
MoLISA
:
Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs
MSM
:
Men having Sex with Men
NGO
:
Non-Government Organisation
OI
:
Opportunistic Infections
PLHA
:
People Living with or Affected by HIV/AIDS
PMTCT
:
Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission
STI
:
Sexually Transmitted Infection
SW
:
Sex Worker
TB
:
Tuberculosis
NUNV
:
National United Nations Volunteer
UNAIDS
:
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
UNV
:
United Nations Volunteers
VCT
:
Voluntary Counseling and Testing
WHO
:
World Health Organization
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Introduction
Greater Involvement of People Infected and Affected by HIV/AIDS (GIPA) is a concept, which
involves theoretical and practical principles to involve People Living with HIV and AIDS (PLHA)
in various development activities at all levels. UNV has implemented GIPA projects in a number
of different countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and in South-East Asia. These UNV GIPA projects
extend volunteer opportunities for PLHA to promote GIPA. Based on positive reviews of UNV
pilot GIPA initiatives, it was decided to conduct a feasibility study in Laos and Viet Nam to assess
the enabling environment for a UNV GIPA initiative and to promote a regional exchange of
information and experiences. UNAIDS decided to cooperate in conducting this study in Viet Nam.
Methodology
Over a 6-week period, the GIPA feasibility study team met with several stakeholders. These
stakeholders (See Appendix 1 for a detailed list) included a mix of international and local NGOs,
government offices and institutes, service providers, mass organisations and PLHA groups. The
team also attended WHO’s 3x5 mission presentations and a workshop conducted by the POLICY
Project on various activities with regards to GIPA. While analyzing the context of Viet Nam, the
team kept in mind the conditions needed to support GIPA, and looked at the types of activities
already generated around HIV/AIDS.
The team reviewed GIPA research documents and activity reports, and other UNV GIPA projects’
progress reports and experiences. They also exchanged ideas and experiences with the volunteers
of the UNV GIPA projects in the region. (See Appendix 2 for a list of documents consulted)
In order to give key stakeholders and potential partners the opportunity to integrate their
experiences and play an active role in this project development process, UNV set up a
project development advisory group (See Appendix 3 for the list of participants in this group). This
group met five times during the 9-week feasibility study and project development period.
Considering resources and time constraints, the project development advisory group decided to
limit the scope of the study to only five provinces. The selection criterion for the provinces was
highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS.
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Analytical Framework
The implementation of GIPA requires several enabling conditions:

No stigma and discrimination towards PLHA

Political will, understanding and support of GIPA

Access to treatment and services for PLHA

Institutional and organizational capacity

Capacity of PLHA to participate and become involved

Willingness of PLHA to become involved
This study, therefore, assessed the above conditions in order to identify suitable intervention
strategies to enable GIPA in Viet Nam.
Limitations of the Methodology
The time frame for the study and project development was short. The team only met a limited
number of people from various organisations, mostly on one-off visits. Therefore, impressions
were formed from these limited sources of information and may not always be entirely
representative.
The National Strategy on HIV/AIDS
On 17 March 2004, the Prime Minister approved the National Strategy on HIV/AIDS Prevention
and Control in Viet Nam up to 2010 with a vision to 2020. The strategy highlights the need to
provide care and support to people living with HIV/AIDS and to fight stigma and discrimination.
The strategy also specifically mentions the need to involve people living with HIV/AIDS in
HIV/AIDS prevention activities. Priority areas for the national HIV/AIDS prevention and control
in the upcoming years are:

Strengthening Behavioral Change Communication; coordination with other related
programmes to prevent and reduce of HIV infection;

Strengthening harm reduction intervention approaches;

Strengthening counselling, care and treatment for PLHAs;

Strengthening the management, monitoring, supervision and evaluation capacities of
the National AIDS Programme.
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Report on the Situation in each Geographical Area
Ho Chi Minh City
HCMC with 14,7451 recorded cases, has the highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in
Viet Nam. The prevalence rate is 0.3%.
The majority of the registered people living with
HIV/AIDS are poor and also from the Intravenous drug use (IDU) and Sex Worker communities.
Stigma and discrimination
HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge is still low amongst the city’s poor – this fuels stigma and
discrimination and also facilitates further spread of the disease because of lack of understanding.
IDU and unprotected sex work (SW) exacerbate the problem. There is widespread discrimination
by health care workers (a few PLHA from different groups had raised this).
The majority of the PLHA population lack basic knowledge of the disease, and most still think
they have not long to live, leading to a lack of motivation and action and a loss of will to function
and live (this was mentioned by NGO workers, PLHA themselves and also some health care
workers). This self-stigmatisation prevents many from participating in self-help groups and
increases the tendency to isolate from normal social activities.
Understanding and support of GIPA
The participation of PLHA is recognised and supported by the health authorities. However, PLHA
participation is limited to the implementation level only. The authorities expressed the belief that
all of the activities should be managed by a professional government employee like in the Friends
Help Friends Club model. The establishment of clubs or groups of PLHA is encouraged, but they
should register under other organisations with legal status and good profile.
Access to treatment and services:
The health system is overburdened and under-equipped and cannot cope with the needs of PLHA.
There are about 50 beds set aside at a hospital for patients at the last stage of AIDS. However,
equipment, facilities and medicines are limited.
1
All figures on HIV/AIDS in this report are from Ministry of Health records at the end of January 2004.
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There are no effective follow-up actions once patients are tested positive – many do not return to
hospitals for treatment because of the way in which their cases were handled by the health care
system.
Patients are treated for opportunistic infections (OIs) as and when they occur – most PLHA said
that they had little or no knowledge of OIs, and this has an impact on self care. Seldom is psychosocial support or counseling given within the health care setting. Some support is given by NGOs,
but this is limited to providing space for meetings and some information sharing. There were no
home-based care initiatives. Some PLHA have been trained in the principles of home-based care,
but they have not been able to employ their skills for various reasons. PLHA are largely left to
their own devices in maintaining their health.
There is a pilot Day Care Centre at District 8, supported by WHO. It basically provides some
treatment of OIs and does not generate many other meaningful activities for the patients, so clients
only turn up for health check-ups or for treatment of acute or chronic condition. During our visit,
the centre was empty, except for the workers there. The team can only assume there are no strong
links between the day care centre and the community it serves, and perhaps no sense of ownership
of the project by PLHA.
There are some prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) initiatives, but generally
antenatal service is weak and in particular for mothers living with HIV. Use of Nevirapine for
PMTCT is not consistently being used by hospitals. Treatment guidelines also need to be updated.
Lack of knowledge about mother-to-child transmission maybe a reason for some mothers abandon
their babies. The numbers are growing and the authorities have difficulties to cope with this issue.
There are also attempts to enlist families to help in care and support, but for various reasons (fear;
lack of information; limited access to centres for IDUs and SWs) these attempts are usually not
very successful. There are also some activities involving peer educators. These seem to work
within the bounds of their own communities (i.e. HIV+ IDUs or SWs), but they are still largely
stigmatized by the general population.
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Currently overwhelmed with work, DoLISA staff does not have sufficient capacity to carry out the
mandate of the department. They are, however, willing to expand and improve care and support
activities, if resources and capacity building are made available.
Staff at centres for IDU and Sex Workers (05/06 centre) need training in HIV/AIDS issues and
counseling skills. They also have to deal with abandoned or orphaned children, and women in the
centre who are not willing to reintegrate in society, but they are not trained to do so. Some inmates
are trained as peer counselors. There were some concerns about high-risk behaviors such as
injecting drugs or men having sex with men in those centers.
Network Development
There are many pilot projects and groups working on HIV/AIDS, coordination of projects by
stakeholders is not very visible – programmes seem to run parallel to each other, and with the
exception of very few, interaction between these programmes are usually incidental and on the
initiative of individuals. Also, the number of PLHA these pilot projects served is quite small and
limited to certain districts of the city.
To address the gap in provision of services and information for PLHA, informal groups of PLHA
spring up here and there, and network within their own districts and with other groups from outside
their districts. These groups are mostly for psycho-social support and members are recruited by
word-of-mouth. A limited number of people are reached by these groups; information exchange is
not very efficient and coverage not wide. They have limited access to information and resources.
Friends Help Friends clubs do provide some services – peer counseling, dissemination of
information, and some psycho-social support. However, they are under-funded – only 12 board
members are given a small allowance that has not increased since the group started in 1995. There
are other limitations of the group – many are from IDU and SW populations – which tends to
alienate those not from these populations; no strong leadership and initiative; limited technical
capacities; not strongly supported by Provincial Health authorities (lack of resources, attitude that
PLHA are not able to govern themselves and their activities need to be managed by health
officials). There has not been much thought given to fund-raising activities to bring in muchneeded funds for their activities. The members themselves feel frustrated as they are hampered by
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the lack of budget and the low priority given to their activities by the health authorities. The
structure of the group is also top-down – they are managed by and take orders from a doctor, and
there is not much support for PLHA-initiated actions.
Hai Phong
With 7,058 cases, Hai Phong has the 2nd largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the
country, and a prevalence rate of 0.4%.
Stigma and discrimination
The evidence of stigma and discrimination was well reported in a study by the International Center
for Research on Women. PLHA have to face stigma and discrimination in different levels in
different settings ranging from being avoided in public places to being treated differently in health
care settings.
Understanding and support of GIPA
The health authorities are very receptive of the idea of PLHA participation. In fact, there a few
PLHA who participate in HIV/AIDS activities. These activities, however, are small scale and
sometimes merely tokenistic.
Access to treatment and services:
The focus by health authorities has been on prevention since the early 90s – Care and treatment
have been paid attention very recently and not much capacity or resources to do care and support
initiatives.
There is an informal referral system at the anonymous Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT)
centres for those tested positive to social support and treatment providers. Patients receive
treatment for common opportunistic infections (OIs) – anti-retrovirals (ARVs) are still
unaffordable. Health institutions are limited in their capacities as infrastructures are weak. There is
some care for people in their own communities. Many patients are reluctant to visit the hospitals
and there are no centres that can give care and treatment to them. The closest approximation is a
site run by World Vision at Do Son, a resort town by the sea. However the World Vision site
concentrates on sexually transmitted infection (STI) detection and treatment for female workers in
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the tourist and hospitality industry – care and support of PLHA is not a priority nor are they
equipped to adequately provide for such services. PLHA are mobilized to participate in various
care and support activities available – PLHA support groups supported by INGOs, etc. However,
all of these are small-scale projects with limited budgets and activities, reaching only a handful of
PLHA.
Many inmates at centres for IDU and sex workers were tested for HIV if they are suspected to be
infected. However, they are only informed of their status just before release. Some HIV/AIDS
training is provided to the staff by the department of health, but this is not frequent, nor adequate
enough. Official letters are sent to the department of health at the wards where inmates will be
released to – so that they can provide care and support. However, there is not much follow-up
action, if at all, according to the rehab centre authorities. Some returnees to the centres who know
their status help others in the centre. However verbal methods are not enough and other forms of
IEC materials need to be developed and provided. There is no core group of peer educators.
Network Development
There are some support groups of PLHA. The team met with 2 PLHA who are members of Hoa
Phuong Do Group – a self-support group with 6 members. These 2 PLHA also are members of the
Mother and Wife Club, which is organised by the AIDS authorities for wives and mothers of
PLHA, and are members of Hai Au Club. This maybe an indicator that there are not many people
living openly with HIV/AIDS and that there is overlap between these groups in terms of
membership.
Quang Ninh
Quang Ninh has the 3rd highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the country with 6,863
reported cases, and a prevalence rate of 0.6%. HIV/AIDS intervention in the province is largely
focused on HIV prevention and harm reduction. PLHA are largely from the IDU community.
Some IDUs are enlisted to do prevention and harm reduction work – community outreach with
IEC materials, by various groups (Red Cross, Family Health Club, Friendship Club). Much of their
activities that the team witnessed revolved around harm reduction work – but no one dealt directly
with their HIV status nor care and support issues. There is no person living openly with HIV in
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these groups, but people who manage these groups made it clear to us that the groups concentrate
on prevention work and there are no resources for additional activities.
Stigma and discrimination
There is some support from the Women’s Union for families of people living with HIV/AIDS.
However, they deal indirectly with the issues – by trying to work through families of the infected –
and this may create more barriers and challenges in reaching the PLHA. The efforts are wellmeant, but ineffective, as families are encouraged to deal with care and support issues without
being given any practical knowledge – and this brings about feelings of helplessness. Focus has
thus shifted to the lack of knowledge and feelings of powerlessness – which ultimately results in
other coping mechanisms, which include denial and behavior patterns supporting this, reinforcing
a self-perpetuating cycle of stigma.
Understanding and support of GIPA
Health authorities and those working in the various prevention projects still seem to be grappling
with the concept of empowering PLHA – which starts by the act of first providing them with
information and knowledge. There is a lack of knowledge amongst PLHA, caregivers and
volunteers of coping with the disease and because of this, there is a fear of managing PLHA – fear
of getting infected, fear that when people are told of their sero-status they may react violently, etc.
This also means the needs of PLHA are not being addressed; there lacks of a continuum of care
and support services; there are various levels of denial and various levels of stigma; there is no real
understanding of GIPA.
Access to treatment and services:
Treatment and services for PLHA is very limited in public hospitals due to lack of resources. A
study of the Public Health School in Hanoi reportedly found that a number of private doctors in
Quang Ninh prescribed the ARV mono-therapy for PLHA. The LIFE-GAP project has just began
to implement care and treatment for PLHA.
Network Development
The Red Cross there has helped form 4 groups of HIV+ people, 6 members in each. These groups
are under the guidance of the department of health. However, due to lack of resources and trained
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staff, these groups are largely dormant and members meet on their own initiative. Sometimes
people are referred to VCT centres to test. Some vocational training given, but membership is not
constant and changes as people die or move away. It is doubtful if these groups are functioning as
the Red Cross could not facilitate the research team to meet with any PLHA, but time may also
have been the constraining factor.
Ha Noi
With 6,267 HIV/AIDS cases recorded, Ha Noi ranks the 4th province in Viet Nam with highest
number of people living with HIV/AIDS, and a prevalence rate of 0.2%.
Stigma and discrimination
The Fatherland Front, using their wide network and structure, are beginning to deal with
HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination at provincial and community level, but recognize that
they may lack the skills and knowledge at present. There is no clear strategy to deal with it as yet.
Their legal position to act as a liaison between the public, the party and the state is strategic in
promoting GIPA.
Understanding and support of GIPA
Many non-government HIV/AIDS prevention and management projects are at pilot phase. Of late,
some international organizations and research institutes (E.g. Policy, Care, ARC, ISDS) had been
conducting research and follow-up activities to enable operationalising of GIPA in Viet Nam.
Some of these researches were conducted with the involvement of PLHA themselves.
Access to treatment and services:
The ESTHER Project just started their ARV access programme in April and attempts to provide
ARVs to 100 patients at Dong Da and Saint Paul hospitals. Treatments for OIs can be accessed at
various hospitals. Projects who work with health care workers mentioned that the workers had
expressed fears in working with PLHA as they lack the knowledge and practice of universal
precautions in order to protect themselves. Also, many had expressed concern that they did not
have counseling skills, as many patients required it and they were not able to provide this service.
There was also the issue of handling and care of bodies of dead patients – no guidelines are given.
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Australian Red Cross (ARC) also plans to start a counseling service at Dong Da hospital, working
with patients, to provide information and some psycho-social support.
The research team was unable to access entry to 05/06 centre in Ha Noi. However the Department
of Social Evils Prevention (DSEP) in Ha Noi expressed interest in future involvement of the centre
‘s staff in care and support, given capacity building and resources are made available. DSEP are
also looking for capacity building at their training college, to equip their trainees with knowledge
of HIV/AIDS and PLHA care and support.
Network Development
The formation of a few PLHA support groups has been possible in Ha Noi under the umbrella of
NGOs. The strongest and largest PLHA support group in Ha Noi is the Bright Future Group. This
group has been formed under the umbrella of CEPHAD, a local NGO, and has been receiving
support from a few INGOs. Four PLHA peer support groups have also been formed by the Ha Noi
Chapter Red Cross, with financial assistance from ARC. ARC’s financial assistance for this group
will end in June 2004. Medical Committee Netherlands Viet Nam is also providing inputs to a pilot
support group for HIV+ mothers in Dong Da district.
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) is working on a manual on ‘how to form self-help groups –
for people with disability’, which should in the future be made available for PLHA. However this
project has been delayed for 18 months already and there are concerns that there may be further
delays.
An Giang
An Giang is the 5th province with highest numbers of people living with HIV/AIDS, with 4,895
registered cases, and a prevalence rate of 0.2%. It has a profile that is different from the national
one – more women are infected (29% infected women in An Giang versus 14% for national
figures) and most of the cases are detected late (63.9% are at the AIDS stage). Within 6 months of
their diagnosis, the majority of the patients pass away. The province shares a 98km border with
Cambodia and is a popular place for returning sex workers from Cambodia, who sometimes set up
businesses in the province.
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Stigma and discrimination
Stigma and discrimination is still widely spread in the society. PLHA are usually isolated and even
avoided by members of their family. PLHA who participate in OI treatment programs do not talk
with each other. However, stigma and discrimination in health care setting may be less, as, at least,
this was the case in the health care centre visited by the research team.
Understanding and support of GIPA
Health care workers say they are still grappling with the idea of the inclusion of PLHA in their
projects and programmes – there are no models available for them to study except the Friends Help
Friends model. Most admit that the idea of the active participation of PLHA is still new to them.
So while rooms are made available for IDUs and Sex Workers to meet for regular gatherings, no
attempts have been made to do the same for PLHA.
Access to treatment and services:
There is a programme developed by the health department, which provides care, and counseling
for PLHA in the community. They estimate that 65% of the PLHA are covered under this
programme. Health care workers visit PLHA monthly at their homes, or if they are afraid of being
identified, they opt to meet outside. Since 2001, all patients get 2 free chest X-rays a year for TB
detection (14% of HIV+ patients have TB). Since 1996, all TB patients have been tested for HIV.
There are 8 VCT sites (7 from ADB project, 1 from CDC Life GAP). CDC LIFE-GAP site sees
about 150 clients a month and 90% return for their results. Condoms and needles are distributed at
these centres. There are also peer support groups of IDUs and Sex Workers who go into the
community and provide information cards, needles and condoms. These groups also provide
information and referrals to pharmacists for needles, VD clinics, etc. Those tested HIV+ are given
free cotrimoxazole2 each month. There have been attempts at PMTCT using lamivudine, but
because of various reasons (women seldom visit for antenatal care, late diagnosis and confirmation
of HIV status, etc.) they have not been very successful. The Women’s Union also collaborates with
the health department to provide some care and support services to patients.
2
Prophylaxis for opportunistic infections
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Network Development
There are no self-help groups of PLHA. Those who go to the VCT centres to get their monthly
supply of cotrimoxazole do not interact, and many seem to be avoiding each other or raising the
issue of their common sero-status. A handful of them have participated in a workshop for PLHA in
HCMC organized by Policy Project. However, after that, one overdosed on drugs and one passed
away because of ill health. The others did not have any follow up actions.
General Findings
The Capacity of PLHA
The capacity of PLHA who are openly living with HIV/AIDS and participating in HIV/AIDS
activities remains a constraint to their involvement. The majority of PLHA came from IDU and
SW communities whose members have a generally limited educational background and hardly any
vocational or professional experience. None of the PLHA who were interviewed by the research
team could speak English which limits their interaction in international fora and networks. The
HIV/AIDS activities in which PLHA are actively involved include giving talks in small meetings
or providing basic home care. All of these activities are managed and organised by health
authorities or other organisations. This limited involvement may be due to a lack of understanding
of GIPA or due to the capacity constraints of PLHA. One example is a study conducted by 5
NGOs in 2003 which included the participation of PLHA as a main component. However, the
participation of PLHA was limited to interviewing and reaching out to other PLHA. PLHA could
not contribute much to the design of the study or the writing of the report.
The capacity of PLHA self-help groups is equally limited as illustrated by the following quote:“
Many organizations would finance us to do something, but we do not know what to do.” (PLHA in
Hai Phong)
The specific learning needs of individual PLHA and particular self-help groups in the different
geographical areas covered by this study was not assessed due to time constraints, but would need
to take place prior to providing intensive capacity building support.
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Information on employment services for PLHA
Access to employment is one of the major concerns of PLHA. The number of people living openly
with HIV/AIDS who are in any form of employment is very small. This may be a result of stigma
and discrimination, which prevent PLHA who have jobs to disclose their HIV-status. On the other
hand, the people living openly with HIV usually come from IDU and SW communities and most
of them had not been formally employed in the past. Income generation is one of main concerns of
the PLHA met by the research team. However, no employment related interventions for PLHA
were identified in the five provinces.
PLHA’s attitude towards GIPA
All of the PLHA met by the team expressed their willingness to be involved in improving their
lives and the image of PLHA.
Summary of Findings
General issues
 46.5% of all reported HIV/AIDS cases in Viet Nam are in these five provinces. However, the
number of people living openly with HIV/AIDS is very small.
 Many of the projects are in the pilot phase, and have no widespread impact.
 Major concerns for PLHA are:

Access to treatment, accurate information, care and support

Extensive stigma and discrimination among health providers

Access to economic means

Access to a system of acquiring information, counseling and experience sharing without
scrutiny or discrimination
 There is a huge gap between the policies/directives at central level and what is really
happening at community level. This can be attributed to various reasons – lack of capacity and
knowledge, stigma and discrimination; large work burden; lack of resources; policies are not
supported by recommendations or follow-up actions.
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 HIV/AIDS is largely viewed as a health problem, but this is gradually changing and is reflected
in the recent “Directive of the Prime Minister on Strengthening HIV/AIDS Prevention and
Control” which calls for a wider response that involves the other ministries and mass
organisations.
Stigma and discrimination
 Prevention work is targeted at IDU and sex worker communities (social evils)  increases
stigma and encourages complacency amongst general population
 Mass prevention campaigns focus on family values and play on messages of fear  adds moral
judgment into the equation and increases stigma.
 Self-stigma is wide-spread among PLHA.
Understanding and support of GIPA
 Some research has been conducted on stigma and discrimination and groundwork for GIPA –
most conclude that the concept is new here and needs to be developed in tandem with support
for the formation of PLHA self-help groups.
 Some community mobilization is evident, but organisations at community level lack basic
understanding of GIPA – the approach is usually paternalistic and not participative.
Access to treatment and services:
 Some support services provided by the authorities at the provincial, city and commune levels,
but usually these are under-resourced and staff are not adequately trained.
 The CDC funded government project (LIFE-GAP) exists in all proposed areas. Various
activities include; anonymous VCT aimed at persons concerned about HIV risk, peer education
programmes and harm reduction efforts, support for HIV out-patient clinic, PMTCT linked
with antenatal services, and OI treatment.
Network Development
 Lack of conducive legal framework to support the formation of PLHA groups.
 Criminalisation of sex work and drug use is a major barrier to reach and involve these
populations at a meaningful level.
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UNAIDS
Feasibility Study Report, Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
Capacity of PLHA
The capacity of people who are openly living with HIV/AIDS to become involved in HIV/AIDS
activities is very low. Limitations of communication and language skills are easily noted and a
more detailed capacity assessment is needed to identify learning needs in areas such as knowledge
about HIV/AIDS care and treatment, counseling skills, peer education skills, organizational
development, leadership skills, problem solving skills, management skills etc.
Feasibility Analysis for a UNV/UNAIDS GIPA Project
Need
Most organisations working on HIV/AIDS prevention and management recognize the important
contribution people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS can make in the response to the epidemic.
However, the Vietnamese approach to involvement of PLHA is often tokenistic. In order for
PLHA to actively participate, there is a need to create a space within society for their involvement.
This begins with clear avenues to access information for PLHA once they are tested positive which
are currently rare in Viet Nam.
Interest
From speaking to NGO workers, health care workers and PLHA themselves, there are indications
that many PLHA with adequate capacity are currently not coming out because of stigma. The other
reason PLHA are passive is because there are no programmes or services that meet their needs.
Health department staff and those working at the rehab centers are asking for support in order to
provide better services to PLHA. There are many HIV/AIDS initiatives, but among the people
involved there is support for more GIPA activities.
Strategy
The analysis identified 5 main areas where GIPA can be operationalised in Viet Nam:
1. Addressing stigma and discrimination:
Reducing PLHA related stigma and discrimination would lead to a better quality of life and
their increased participation in development and social activities.
UNV
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UNAIDS
Feasibility Study Report, Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
2. Increasing the understanding of GIPA:
This is essential to build the enabling environment and create the political will to promote
GIPA. A proper understanding and implementation of GIPA will consequently improve the
services available to PLHA and their families.
3. Capacity Development of PLHA:
PLHA need to be given skills and knowledge to actively and effectively participate in the
process of improving their lives and that of other PLHA.
4. Enabling PLHA and family to access treatment and other services:
PLHA cannot be expected to contribute to services for other PLHA if there own needs are
not met.
5. Network development of PLHA groups:
By forming self-help groups and promote networking, PLHA can better access information
and access peer and community support, and also be empowered through a collective
identity.
Partnerships
There is a need to look at a strategy that supports and links with ongoing programmes and
initiatives. PLHA, with appropriate capacity building support, can be the focal point for people
who want to access care and support services, and other services (legal aid, vocational training,
etc.).
The following organisations expressed interest to coordinate their existing care and support
activities with the UNV GIPA project:

DoH

DoLISA

CDC – Life GAP Project

Fatherland Front

ESTHER Project

Viet Nam Red Cross

SMARTWorks

Women’s Union at local level

ARC

UNICEF

FHI

WHO

POLICY Project

Medical Committee Netherlands

CARE
UNV
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UNAIDS
Feasibility Study Report, Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
PLHA, serving as UN Volunteers, should be based at existing HIV/AIDS projects and assist in
referring PLHA to the appropriate services and networks.
Conclusion
Because of the aforementioned findings and along the identified strategy, the recruitment of PLHA
as UN volunteers to create an enabling environment for GIPA seems feasible in Viet Nam.
UNV
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UNAIDS
Feasibility Study Report, Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
Appendix 1: List of people involved in GIPA development study (1/3/2004 – 20/4/2004)
No.
1.
2.
3.
Name
Seija Kasvi
Project Officer, Health and
Nutrition Section
Cao Viet Hoa, MD
Project Officer, Health and
Nutrition Section
Clare Murphy
Technical Advisor
4.
Tung , Lan
5.
Mary L Kamb, MD
Director
6.
Do Anh Nguyet
Project Manager
7.
Nancy Fee
Country Coordinator
Mika Niskanen
Advisor/Liaison Officer
Paul Toh
Regional GIPA Advisor
Nguyen Thi Bich Dao, MD
Director
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Tran Quoc Tuan, MD
Head of Department of Infection
Disease
Nhat , Khanh
Tran Viet Trung
Deputy Director
Le Thu Ha
Project Executive Officer
Nguyen Hoang Ha
Programme Officer
Masami Fujita
Medical Officer, HIV/AIDS and
STI
Nguyen Van Kinh
Deputy Head of AIDS Division
David Stephens
Resident Advisor
19.
Nguyen Phuong Mai
Program Officer
20.
Nguyen Tien Phong
Head, Poverty and Social
Development Cluster
UNV
Organization and Contact Address
UNICEF
skasvi@unicef.org
Province
Ha Noi
UNICEF
cvhoa@unicef.org
Ha Noi
Australian Red Cross, 15 Thien Quang
Street
claremurphy@hn.vnn.vn
Bright Future Group
vingaymaits@yahoo.com
CDC Vietnam Office
US Embassy, 6 Ngoc Khanh Street
KambML@state.gov
COHED (Center For Community Health
and Development) 127 Lo Duc street Tel:
04-9721452
UNAIDS Viet Nam
feen@unaids.org
UNAIDS Laos PDR
mika.niskanen@undp.org
UNAIDS SEAPICT
toh.unescap@un.org
Dong Da Hospital, 192 Nguyen Luong
Bang, Ha Noi
Bichdao.nguyen@laposte.net
Dong Da Hospital, 192 Nguyen Luong
Bang, Ha Noi
Tel: 5115039
DSEP, MoLISA
Dept of Social Evils Prevention, MoLISA
tnxh@fpt.vn
GTZ-HIV/AIDS/STI Controal Component:
Number 4 Tran Hung Dao Street, Ha Noi
hha@netnam.vn
ILO
ha@ilohn.org.vn
WHO
Western Pacific Regional Office
PO Box 2932 (United Nations Ave)
1000 Manila, Philippines
fujitam@wpro.who.int
MoH
Ha Noi
POLICY Project
6 Phan Chu Trinh 9361922
davidstephens@fpt.vn
Poverty and Social Development Cluster of
UNDP
nguyen.thi.phuong.mai@undp.org
UNDP
phong@undp.org.vn
Ha Noi
21
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
UNAIDS
Feasibility Study Report, Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
No.
21.
22.
Name
Bill Tod
Programme Director
Patrick Burke
Project Coordinator
23.
Do Thanh Nam
24.
Nguyen Thi Bich Van, MD
Director
25.
Tran Minh Gioi
Programme Officer, HIV/AIDS
and School Health
Daniel Levitt
Health and Humanitarian
Program Manager
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Nguyen Thiep
Deputy-Secretary General Of
VN Red Cross
Tran Thu Thuy
Head of Health Care Department
Le Truyen
Presidium Member, Permanent
Bureau Member
Nguyen Hong Ha
Programme Coordinator
31.
David Payne
Co-Director
32.
Nancy Jamieson
Senior Technical Officer
33.
Nguyen Hong Ha
34.
Caitlin Wyndham
Project Manager
Disability Employment Project
Bui Van Toan
Country Director
35.
36.
Pauline Oosterhoff
Senior Health Advisor
UNV
Organization and Contact Address
Save The Children (UK)
billtod@scuk.org.vn
SMARTWorks Vietnam, Room 12B, 4th
Floor, Horison Business Centre
40 Cat Linh, Dong Da, Ha Noi, Vietnam
Tel: +844 736 5240
Fax: +844 736 5243
The Center for Harm Reduction
Office E2, La Thanh Hotel, 218 Doi Can,
Ha Noi Mobile: 0913309451
The Center For Public Health And
Development (CEPHAD): Number 4,
House 33, Tan Ap Street, Phuc Xa Ward,
Ba Dinh District, Ha Noi
ttgdskcd@hn.vnn.vn
UNESCO, 23 Cao Ba Quat Street, Ha Noi
tm.gioi@unesco.org.vn
Province
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
USAID
US Embassy, 6 Ngoc Khanh Street
Dlevitt@usaid.gov
LevittDM@state.gov
VN Red Cross
68 Ba Trieu Street
Tel: 822-9971
VN Red Cross, 68 Ba Trieu Street Tel:
822-9971
Vietnam Fatherland Front
46 Trang Thi Street
Ha Noi
Disability Forum
ATS Hotel, 33B Pham Ngu Lao St, Ha Noi
forum@hn.vnn.vn
VUFO-NGO Resource Centre
Le Thanh Hotel, 218 Doi Can, Ha Noi
director@ngocentre.netnam.vn
FHI Vietnam Country Office
Asia Pacific Division
30 Nguyen Du street, room 301
njamieson@fhi.org.vn
Disability Forum Health Volunteers
Overseas, ATS Hotel, 33B Pham Ngu Lao,
Ha Noi, Tel: (04) 933 0329, Email:
thuan_hvo@yahoo.com
Viet-Nam Assistance for the Handicapped
4th Floor, 131 Bui Thi Xuan, Ha Noi
caitlin@netnam.vn
Viet-Nam Assistance for the Handicapped
4th Floor, 131 Bui Thi Xuan, Ha Noi
vnah-Ha Noi@hnn.vnn.vn
Medical Committee Netherlands Vietnam;
1a-B5-Nam Thanh Cong, Dong Da, Ha Noi
Tel: (84-4)835-9005/776-1117
Fax: (84-4)776-0655
Mob: (84-4)09-04-222-845
Pauline_oosterhoff@yahoo.com
Ha Noi
22
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
UNAIDS
Feasibility Study Report, Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
No.
37.
Organization and Contact Address
COHED @ 127 Lo Duc stress. Tel:
9721452
UNFPA
Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound
Province
Ha Noi
38.
Name
Do Anh Nguyet
Project Manager
Duong Van Dat
39.
Misha Coleman
CARE in Viet Nam
25 Hang Bun St., Ba Dinh Dist., Ha Noi
mcoleman@care.org.vn
ESTHER Project
Population Center, National Economic
University, 207 Giai Phong, Hai Ba Trung
distr., Ha Noi
loenzien@ird.fr
MoH
Ha Noi
MoHA
Ha Noi
ActionAid HCMC, 16/3 Quang Trung
Street, Ward 10, Go Vap Dist. HCMC,
Tel: 08-894 6616, 0913 636939
actionaidhcm@hcm.vnn.vn
AIDS Committee, HCM City Provincial
Department of Health of HCMC
pachcmc@mail.saigonnet.vn
AIDS Program: 54/32 Le Quang Dinh, Binh
Thanh District, HCMC Home Tel:
08.8416158 Fax: 08.8416158
Aidsprogram@Hcm.Vnn.Vn
AIDS Program (VICOMC): 54/32 Le
Quang Dinh, Binh Thanh District, HCMC
aidsprogram@hcm.vnn.vn
AIDS Program (VICOMC): 54/32 Le
Quang Dinh, Binh Thanh District, HCMC
aidsprogram@hcm.vnn.vn
Anonymous HIV Testing Site
hc-ats@hcm.vnn.vn
Anonymous HIV Testing Site
hc-ats@hcm.vnn.vn
Health Center of District 8
82 Cao Lo St. –4 W, Dist. 8, HCMC
HCM City
Anonymous HIV Testing Site
C/o Center for AIDS Prevention Studies,
University of California
doctordonn@hotmail.com
CARE in HCMC, 0913912350
thuannguyen@care.org.vn
Children Supporting Model Supported By
SCF (UK)
HCM City
DOLISA of HCM City
delisa@hcm.fpt.vn
nguyencanminh903166@yahoo.com
Friends Help Friends Club
HCM City
Health & Social Sector Advisor
40.
Myriam de Loenzien
Demographer and sociologist
41.
Deputy head of AIDS Division
42.
Nguyen Ngoc Lam
Director of NGO Department
Tran Thi Nhieu
Southern Senior Program Officer
43.
44.
45.
Le Truong Giang
Vice Chairman, Director of
Standing Office
Nguyen Thi Kim Dung
Assistant
46.
Nguyen Thanh An
Social worker
47.
Pham Thanh Van
48.
Nguyen Quang Trung
49.
Mai Doan Anh Thi
50.
Ngo Thi Minh Tam, MD
Director
51.
Donn Colby, MD
52.
Nguyen Anh Thuan
Director of Health Programs
Project Officer
53.
54.
Nguyen Van Minh
Vice Director
55.
Members
UNV
23
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
Ha Noi
HCM City
HCM City
HCM City
HCM City
HCM City
HCM City
HCM City
HCM City
HCM City
HCM City
UNAIDS
Feasibility Study Report, Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
No.
56.
Name
Ngo Thi Thanh Tam
Director
Organization and Contact Address
Health Center of District 8,Cum Head of
WHO-Sponsored Day Care Center
Province
HCM City
57.
58.
Son
Heli Mikkola
Project Officer – Child
Protection
SC UK, 26 Dang Tat Street, HCMC
UNICEF HCMC, 115 Nguyen Hue Blvd 5,
Dist. 1
hmikkola@unicef.org
HCM City
HCM City
59.
UNICEF HCMC, 115 Nguyen Hue Blvd 5,
Dist. 1
tcbinh@unicef.org
Red Cross of Quang Ninh Province
HCM City
Quang Ninh Provincial Health Bureau
Quang Ninh
62.
63.
Tran Cong Binh
Asst Project Officer – Child
Protection
Tran Thai Tuan
Vice Chairman
Vu Thi Thu Thuy (Dr.)
Vice Director
Life Gap Project Officer
Head of Friendship Club
VCT center, Life Gap project
FHI – Friendship Club, Cam Pha Town
Quang Ninh
Quang Ninh
64.
Head of Family Health Club
Quang Ninh
65.
Vu Xuan Thai
Deputy Director
Tran Thi Thanh Thuy
Vice Director, Chief of
Provincial Aids Standing Office
Do Viet Dzung
Project Assistant
Women Union – Family Health Club, Cam
Pha Town
06 Centre, 50 Nguyen Van Hoi, Cat Bi, Hai
Phong
Department of Health of Hai Phong
No. 38 Le Dai Hanh Street
World Vision Haiphong Liaison Office
Do_viet_dzung@wvi.org
Hai Phong
World Vision Haiphong Liaison Office
Pham_tien_dzung@wvi.org
VCT Center – Life Gap Project
An Giang Preventive Medicine Centre
12B Le Loi, Long Xuyen City, An Giang
Tel/fax: 84-76-854141
aidsaganh@hcm.vnn.vn
Life Gap Project
41 Chu Van
An-Long
Xuyen
Hai Phong
60.
61.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
Pham Tien Dzung
Project Officer
Life Gap Project Officer
Mai Hoang Anh, MD
Vice Director
VCT
UNV
24
Quang Ninh
Hai Phong
Hai Phong
Hai Phong
An Giang
An Giang
UNAIDS
Feasibility Study Report, Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
Appendix 2: List of documents consulted
Exploratory Research Using GIPA Approach in Cantho Province
FHI (Feb 2004): Vu Song Ha, MD, MSc; Vu Ngoc Bao, MD, MPH; Lai Kim Anh, MD; Nguyen
Danh Lam, MD
HIV/AIDS-related Stigmatization in Chinese Society: Bridging the Gap between Official
Response and Civil Society
Evelyne Micollier
Positive Perspectives: A participatory research with PLHA
Australian Red Cross & Vietnam Red Cross (Dec 2003)
Directive of the Prime Minister on Strengthening HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control
The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
National Strategy on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control in Vietnam for the period 2004-2010 with
a vision to 2020 – Draft 5
National Committee for AIDS, Drug, Prostitution Prevention and Control
Support for the involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam: A case study on the
situation and needs of PLHAs in Ha Noi; Proposal for coordination and plan of support (first draft)
WHO; Anong Boonchuey
Exploratory Rersearch using GIPA approach in Cantho Province
FHI; Vu Song Ha, Hoang Tu Anh, Vu Ngoc Bao, Lau Thi Kim Anh, Nguyen Danh Lam
Positive Perspectives Research (March 2003)
CARE (funded by Ford Foundation)
Moving Forward: Operationalising GIPA in Vietnam; Final Study report, October 2003
CARE/POLICY
A Cultural Approach to HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care: Ho Chi Minh City, Quang Ninh Province
UNESCO/UNAIDS
Proposal on GIPA for Kyrgyzstan
UNDP/UNV
UNV Project Document: Greater Involvement of People Living with, and Affected by, HIV and
AIDS (GIPA) in Cambodia (CMB/01/01)
UNV
UNV Project Document: Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS (GIPA) in
Indonesia (INS/03/V01)
UNV/UNDP/Spiritia Foundation Indonesia
Final Evaluation of the UNV Support to People Living with HIV/AIDS Project in Malawi and
Zambia
Jane N. Mulemwa, PhD
Final Evaluation of the UNV Support to People Living with HIV/AIDS Project in the Carribean
(Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago)
Jane N. Mulemwa, PhD
UNV
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UNAIDS
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From Principle to Practice; Greater Involvement of People Living with or Affected by HIV/AIDS
(GIPA)
UNAIDS
The Denver Principles
GIPA Initiative in South Asia Report
UNDP
Situational Analysis of Care and Protection for Children Infected and Affected by HIV in Ho Chi
Minh City (Final Draft, May 2002)
Jamie Uhrig [Ho Chi Minh City AIDS Bureau/Save the Children (UK)]
HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination: An Anthropological Approach
Division of Cultural Policies and Intercultural Dialogue, UNESCO
The Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS: United Nations Special Session on HIV/AIDS
UN
Keeping the Promise: Summary of the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS United Nations
General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS 25-27 June 2001, New York
UNAIDS
Understanding HIV and AIDS-related Stigma and Discrimination in Vietnam
Khuat Thu Hong & Nguyen Thi Van Anh (Institute for Social Development Studies, Ha Noi);
Jessica Ogden (International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC)
APN+ Position Paper 1: AIDS-related Discrimination and Human Rights (January 2004)
APN+
APN+ Position Paper 2: GIPA (January 2004)
APN+
Vietnam’s Proposal to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria
The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Apr 2002)
Decision of the Prime Minister on Approval of the National Strategy on HIV/AIDS Prevention and
Control in Viet Nam up to 2010 with a Vision to 2002
The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Mar 2004)
The Socioeconomic Impact of HIV/AIDS in the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (June 2003)
POLICY Project
Literature review: Challenging Stigma and Discrimination in Southeast Asia: Past Successes and
Future Priorities
Joanna Busza, MSc. (Population Council, Horizons)
HIV/AIDS-related Stigma and Discrimination: A Conceptual Framework and an Agenda for
Action
Richard Parker and Peter Aggleton with Kathy Attawell, Julie Pulerwitz, and Lisanne Brown
(Population Council, Horizons)
International Law, National Policy and Legislation for the Prevention of HIV/AIDS and Protection
of Human Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam (Final Report, November 2003)
Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy/CARE International supported by USAID through
POLICY Project
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Appendix 3: List of people who participated in the project development advisory group
No. Name
Organisation
Contact
Email
1.
Nguyen Hoang Ha
(Mr.)
Programme Officer
International Labour
Organization
48-50 Nguyen Thai
Hoc, Ha Noi
Tel: 7340902/3/5 ext.
202
Fax: 7340904
Mobile: 0913510411
ha@ilohn.org.vn
2.
Tran Minh Gioi (Mr.)
Programme Officer
Tel: 747 0275/6
Fax: 747 0274
tm.gioi@unesco.org.vn
3.
Hoang Hai Chau (Mr.)
HIV/AIDS and
School Health
UNESCO Office
23 Cao Ba Quat, Ha
Noi
Care International
25 Hang Bun
Ba Dinh
Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Tel: 716 1930
Fax: 716 1935
hhchau@care.org.vn
4.
Dong Duc Thanh (Mr.)
Project Officer
Care International
25 Hang Bun
Ba Dinh
Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Tel: 716 1930
Fax: 716 1935
Mobile: 0912289 423
ddthanh@care.org.vn
thanhdd76@yahoo.com
5.
Misha Coleman
Care International
25 Hang Bun
Ba Dinh
Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Tel: 716 1930
Fax: 716 1935
mcoleman@care.org.vn
6.
David Stephens (Mr.)
Resident Advisor
Tel: 9361922
Fax: 9362194
davidstephens@fpt.vn
7.
Jason Eligh (Mr.)
Project Coordinator
POLICY Project
6 Phan Chu Trinh
Hoan Kiem
Ha Noi, Viet Nam
UNODC
72 Ly Thuong Kiet
Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Tel: 726 0130
Fax: 822 4931
jason.eligh@unodc.org
8.
9.
Paul Toh (Mr.)
Nguyen Cuong Quoc
(Mr.)
GIPA Officer
10.
Bethlehem Attfield
(Ms.)
UNV GIPA Project
Development Specialist
11.
Brenton Wong
UNV GIPA Project
Development Specialist
12.
Tran Thi Hai (Ms.)
Translator
UNV
UNAIDS SEAPICT
UNAIDS
4th Floor, Room 405
44B Ly Thuong Kiet,
Ha Noi
UNV, GIPA
Development
25-29 Phan Boi
Chau
Ha Noi
UNV, GIPA
Development
25-29 Phan Boi
Chau
Ha Noi
UNV, GIPA
Development
25-29 Phan Boi
Chau
Ha Noi
Tel: 9343417 ext. 105
Fax: 9343418
toh.unescap@un.org
quocnc@netnam.vn
Tel: 9421495 ext. 286
Fax: 9422267
Mobile: 090 4137791
bbattfield@yahoo.com
Tel: 9421495 ext. 286
Fax: 9422267
Mobile: (+65) 90250810
brenton@pacific.net.sg
Tel: 9421495 ext. 286
Fax: 9422267
Mobile: 091 2630984
tranthihai71@yahoo.com
27
UNAIDS
Feasibility Study Report, Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam
No. Name
Organisation
Contact
Email
13.
Nancy Fee
Country Coordinator
Tel: 9343417
Fax: 9343418
feen@unaids.org
14.
Nguyen Thi Hoang
Yen (Ms.)
Communications
Assistant
Koen Van Acoleyen
UNV Programme
Officer
UNAIDS
4th Floor, Room 405
44B Ly Thuong Kiet,
Ha Noi, Vietnam
UNV
25-29 Phan Boi Chau
Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Tel: 9421495 ext. 282
Fax: 9422267
nguyen.thi.hoang.yen@undp.org
UNV
25-29 Phan Boi Chau
Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Tel: 9421495 ext. 146
Fax: 9422267
koen.acoleyen@undp.org
15.
UNV
28
UNAIDS