Memory Review Chart
Encoding
Definition:
Automatic
Effortful
Information about space, time, and frequency as well as welllearned information
Attention, conscious rehearsal
(Effortful processing can become automatic when it is
practiced extensively)
Allows us to process tasks simultaneously
Rehearsal
Flashbulb memories
Ebbinghaus (Nonsense syllable learning)
Amount remembered depends on time spent rehearsing

Overlearning

Spacing Effect (distributed practice)

Serial Position Effect
Semantic encoding
Visual encoding
Acoustic encoding
Definition:
Definition:
Definition:
Meaning
Pictures
Sounds
Craik & Tulving
Flashed words –

Is it in capitals? (Visual)

Does it rhyme with? (Acoustic)

Would it fit in this sentence?
(Meaning)
Use of Imagery (pictures and pictureevoking words)
Mnemonic devices
Method of loci
“Peg-word” system
Definition/Examples:
Definition/Examples:
Chunking (Organization of Material)
Acronyms
Hierarchies
Definition/Examples:
Forgetting as encoding failure
Information that is not attended to quickly fades and is forgotten
There are brain areas actively involved in encoding memories
in the young. These areas are less responsive in older adults.
This impaired encoding may help explain age-related memory
decline.
Example: Familiarity with objects (such as the penny) doesn’t
lead to accurate memory of that object.