Chapter 9 Study ?’s (part 1): Principles of Energy Harvest
1) In comparing cellular respiration to the burning of gasoline, what chemical compounds represent the
“fuel” and the “exhaust”?
Fuel: glucose & oxygen
Exhaust: carbon dioxide, water (makes ATP but not “exhaust”)
2a) Draw and label a diagram showing phosphorylation (see Ch. 8 for help!).
A
P
P
+
Pi
ADP
A
P
P
P
ATP
2b) How does this process result in a change of energy? Increase stored energy since have another bond
3a) Why do oxidation and reduction always occur together? Oxidation gives away electrons and reduced
compounds took the electrons
3b) Why is oxygen such a potent oxidizing agent? It is the 2nd most electronegative element
3c) “An electron loses potential energy when it shifts from a less electronegative atom toward a more
electronegative one.”
3d) Complete this sentence: “A redox reaction that relocates electrons closer to oxygen, such as the burning
of methane, therefore releases chemical energy that can be used to perform work.”
4a) How does the coenzyme NAD+ “trap” electrons from glucose and other fuel molecules? It stores the
electrons with a H atom to make NADH (NAD-H)
4b) Is NAD+ an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent? Oxidizing agent Why? It will take electrons from
other compounds; causes other compounds to be oxidized
4c) How does NAD+ have its charge neutralized? NAD+ received 2 electrons (which have a negative
charge) but only one positively charged proton (H+); when 2 H atoms bring their electrons, only one H
stays with the electrons and NAD+ and the other leaves its electron and become a proton (H+) floating
around in solution
5a) What is the electron transport chain (e.t.c.)? a series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane
where each protein is more electronegative than the one before it
5b) Where is the e.t.c.? inner mitochondrial membrane
5c) What keeps the electrons moving “down” the chain? each protein is more electronegative than the one
before it
5d) What “catches” the electrons at the bottom of the chain? Oxygen!!
6) Draw & label the structure of a mitochondria.