Outline 2. Outline for Chapters on Pathogenesis and Medical Aspects of
Viruses
A.
History
B.
Infectious agent (coordinate with virion description in replication
chapter where structure will be detailed).
1.
Propagation and assay in cell culture
2.
Biological characteristics. Include cytopathic effects of virus and
a figure to illustrate CPE
C.
3.
Description of key antigens
4.
Infection in experimental animals, host range
Pathogenesis and pathology. Include illustrations of typical pathology
and summary diagram of pathogenesis. Define mechanism
(molecular) if know. Include relevant natural host and experimental
systems. If appropriate, discussion of pathogens could incorporate
both natural and experimental infection or, in some cases, it may be
clearer to separate the two. In addition to text with the following
section, please provide diagrams that illustrate them.
1.
Entry into the host. What are the natural (and experimental)
portals of entry?
2.
Site of primary replication. What are the cells involved
(macrophages, epithelium, etc.) and what is know about this
stage (are receptors know? are the cell polarized? if so, is
entry apical or basal?)
3.
If virus spreads in the host, how does it? Is neural, blood
lymphatic, etc.?
4.
Cell and tissue tropism. Where does the virus arrive after
spread?
5.
Immune response. What are the data on early responses
(macrophages, NK cells, interferon, TNF, etc.) and later
responses (B and T cells)? Describe the mechanisms the virus
employs to avoid the immune response
6.
Release from host. Any data on efficiency, titers, mechanisms,
or virus release?
7.
Are there animal models or veterinary correlates that provide
useful clues to thinking about human disease?
8.
Virulence. Any data on relative capacity of closely related
strains to cause disease?
9.
D.
Persistence. Discussion of latency etc., when relevant
Epidemiology. Concepts and principles, not all examples
1.
Age
2.
Morbidity/Mortality
3.
Origin and spread of epidemics
4.
Prevalence and seroepidemiology
5.
New epidemiologic approaches (including molecular
approaches, if relevant)
E.
Clinical features. Outline clinical course. A summary diagram may be
helpful
F.
Diagnosis.
G.
H.
1.
Differential
2.
Laboratory
Prevention and control.
1.
Treatment
2.
Vaccines
3.
Other – insect control, etc.
Perspective. Identify and discuss important issues and problems for
future study of this virus. Suggested length: 250-500 words.
Note: We encourage additional figures beyond the required ones.