Hartmann
Psychology 1230-001 (Adolescence)
Study Guide #4: Chapter 4 and Lectures 7
Fall 2005
Chapter 4
1. According to Piaget's view of cognitive development, adolescents
A) take information from the environment and passively develop their cognitive worlds.
B) resist information from the environment.
C) take an active role in the construction of their thinking and understanding.
D) need social status to advance cognitively.
E) have trouble thinking logically.
2. In terms of cognitive development, Piaget believed in
A) qualitative change.
B) discontinuity.
C) the active construction of one's thinking.
D) the importance of adaptation.
E) all of these
3. Nina needs to have the actual events occur right before her in order to think about them. Which is
the highest stage of cognitive development she is likely to be in?
A) concrete operational
B) sensorimotor
C) early formal operational
D) preoperational
E) late formal operational
4. According to Piaget's theory, which of the following activities is better suited for individuals in
the formal operational stage than in the concrete operational stage?
A) designing an experiment to measure the effects of exercise on heart rate
B) learning a second language
C) ranking male and female classmates according to height
D) solving a series of division problems
E) memorizing the names of countries
5. Evidence that weighs against Piaget's theory appears when
A) children learn cross classification and conservation at the same time.
B) children are trained to reason at higher levels.
C) distressed children regress to lower cognitive levels.
D) other primates can solve problems babies can.
E) all of these
6. The neo-Piagetians believe that
A) more precise explanations (than what Piaget gave) need to be given about cognitive
changes.
B) Piaget should have focused less on the strategies individuals use and more on their
memory.
C) Piaget's theory was completely wrong, and developmentalists need to move beyond his
theory.
D) interactions with more-advanced peers help individuals develop cognitively.
E) Piaget's theory is basically right and just needs to be applied to contemporary culture.
Psychology 1230-001 (Hartmann)
Study Guide #4, p. 2 of 5
7. According to Vygotsky, knowledge is
A) relativistic and analytical.
B) situated and collaborative.
C) subjective and qualitative.
D) pragmatic and realistic.
E) divergent and practical.
8. Mr. Douglas helps his eighth-graders build mousetrap-operated cars in science class. At first he
has to give them step-by-step instructions and constantly monitor what they're doing. But as the
students learn, Mr. Douglas provides less instruction and just occasional guidance. This illustrates
A) reciprocal teaching.
B) scaffolding.
C) cooperative learning.
D) concrete operational thought.
E) conservation.
9. Cooperative learning works best when two conditions are met:
A) group rewards and competition.
B) competition and cooperation.
C) group rewards and individual accountability.
D) individual accountability and competition.
E) cooperation and tutoring.
10. Which of the following is a criticism of Vygotsky's theory?
A) Adolescents may learn to expect help even when they don't need it.
B) It fails to take into account constructivism.
C) It suggests that inner speech is immature.
D) The theory ignores the importance of contextual factors.
E) all of these
11. According to Sternberg's research, why might adolescents have been better than elementaryschool-aged children at solving analogies?
A) Children's short-term memory was overloaded, but adolescents' short-term memory was
not.
B) Children have a smaller long-term memory than adolescents.
C) Children are not as good as adolescents at divergent thinking.
D) Adolescents use convergent thinking, whereas children use divergent thinking.
E) Children have shiftable attention, whereas adolescents have selective attention.
12. Which of the following is NOT a cognitive change that facilitates the development of critical
thinking in adolescents?
A) greater breadth of knowledge
B) increased processing speed
C) increased ability to form new combinations of knowledge
D) narrower, more specific strategies for obtaining knowledge
E) increased processing capacity
Psychology 1230-001 (Hartmann)
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13. Which of the following questions requires what Guilford termed divergent thinking?
A) How many quarters can you get for $10?
B) How do you interpret Shakespeare's Othello?
C) What is mechanically wrong with this car?
D) What is 40  296?
E) How do you throw a spiral in football?
14. Jelissa is thinking about the strategies she uses to remember information for exams and how some
seem to work better than others. This best illustrates Jelissa's
A) critical thinking.
B) divergent thinking.
C) convergent thinking.
D) automaticity.
E) metacognition.
15. Angie monitors her progress toward her goals, adapts to unexpected situations that affect her
progress, and revises her strategies based on her progress. Angie is engaging in
A) self-regulatory learning.
B) formal operational thinking.
C) divergent thinking.
D) scaffolding.
E) reciprocal learning.
16. Which of the following is FALSE?
A) Intelligence tests are some of psychology's most widely used tools.
B) People with higher intelligence test scores tend to get higher-paying jobs.
C) Intelligent tests measure potential abilities.
D) Intelligence test scores are good predictors of school success.
E) IQ scores can become self-fulfilling prophecies.
17. In Gardner's theory of eight frames of mind, he proposes that the different intelligences
A) can be destroyed by brain damage.
B) can appear in unusual ways in gifted individuals.
C) have appeared in some mentally retarded individuals as exceptional talents.
D) involve unique cognitive skills.
E) have all of these characteristics.
18. According to Sternberg, individuals who have practical intelligence
A) often do poorly in school.
B) often have very good social skills.
C) often have good common sense.
D) may have successful careers as adults despite poor school records.
E) have all of these characteristics.
19. In Goleman's view, which of the following is NOT an aspect of emotional intelligence?
A) being emotionally self-aware
B) reading the emotions of others
C) controlling one's own feelings
D) being able to handle relationships
E) having common sense
Psychology 1230-001 (Hartmann)
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20. Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of the heritability index?
A) IQ test scores are not necessarily a good measure of intelligence.
B) The index focuses too much on individual differences.
C) We can't separate the influence of genes from the influence of environment.
D) Most heredity research doesn't include environments that are extremely different.
E) The data used may be flawed.
21. Differences in IQ tests scores between White and African American adolescents
A) have increased over the past decades.
B) are not likely due to the tests being standardized on White, middle-class samples.
C) are likely due to socioeconomic status rather than race.
D) are that Whites score on average 20 to 30 points higher on the tests than African
Americans.
E) all of these
22. Roger believes that everyone is picking on him and that he is "the only person in the world" who
receives such treatment. This is an example of what Elkind calls
A) the personal fable.
B) the imaginary fable.
C) the personal audience.
D) the imaginary audience.
E) social cognition.
Essay Questions:
1. How do attention and memory changer from childhood to adolescence? Do these changes
influence other types of mental performance? Explain.
2. What is perspective taking? What is Selman’s approach to perspective taking? What
changes in perspective taking take place during adolescence?
Lectures 7
1. A _______________ is a group of people who were born at about the same time.
A. Artillery squad
B. Cohort
C. Time of assessment
D. Basketball team
E. Work group
2. The primary advantage of longitudinal designs is that they
A. are inexpensive.
B. allow the investigator to assess changes in performance associated with age.
C. control for repeated testing effects.
D. confound cohort and age.
E. More than one of the above.
Psychology 1230-001 (Hartmann)
Study Guide #4, p. 5 of 5
3. According to convention, these data come from a ______________ design.
35
A. developmental
30
B. cross-sectional
25
C. time-lagged
20
1978 Ass.
15
D. longitudinal
10
E. reversible
5
0
4 (1974)
6 (1972)
8 (1970)
Age in Years
(Cohort in parentheses)
4. Confounding in a developmental design refers to the fact that
A. the effects of two or more factors or variables cannot be disentangled
B. no conclusions can be arrived at from these designs
C. these designs are impossible to understand, particularly for undergraduates
D. despite what most people believe, the same children from a cohort need not be used in
all phases of a longitudinal design
E. some religions discourage that adherents from using the word they really mean when
talking about developmental designs
5. In all of the developmental designs we discussed, age is
A. manipulated by the investigator
B. may be an experimental independent variable (IV)
C. correlational in nature
D. the primary dependent variable (DV)
E. a substitute for cohort