Chapter 12: Personality (pages 225-241)
1. Define personality.
2. List the four theories of personality dominant to the 20th century.
3. Define objective personality tests and give examples.
4. Define projective personality tests and give examples.
5. List three reasons personality tests are used.
6. Define defense mechanisms.
7. List five characteristics of defense mechanisms.
8. Match the following defense mechanisms to the appropriate definition or example
below.
____1. reaction formation
____10. repression
____2. fixation
____11. regression
____3. identification
____12. compartmentalization
____4. substitution
____13. undoing
____5. compensation
____14. overcompensation
____6. denial
____15. projection
____7. sublimation
____16. rationalization
____8. isolation
____17. intellectualization
____9. displacement
a. Instead of regressing, a person who encounters trauma remains at that level of
emotional development present during the trauma.
b. Thoughts, feelings, wishes, or motives are denied access to consciousness.
c. The adoption of attitudes and behavior contrary to an individual’s true feelings or
unconscious impulses.
d. A person models their values, behavior and attitudes after another person’s without
knowing that they are doing so.
e. An unconscious striving to make up for inferiority feelings resulting from lack of
acceptance of the way God made us.
f. There is a denial of true desires and an acceptance of partial or modified fulfillment of
those desires.
g. Used to hide ideas and impulses from awareness, the primary defense mechanism upon
which all others are based.
h. A channeling of unacceptable drives into constructive behavior without a conscious
awareness that those drives exist.
i. Experiencing attitudes as if they were unconnected and unrelated, like they are
separated, in different parts of the brain.
j. Current conflicts provoke a return to an earlier stage of emotional immaturity where
there is more of a feeling of protection from life stresses.
k. Unacceptable emotions are split off from conscious thought, isolated from conscious
awareness; i.e. all anger is sin, so anger must be isolated to relieve false guilt.
l. The transferring of an emotion to a more acceptable substitute, such as a man angry at
his boss, upon arriving at home, yells at his wife.
m. Attributing one’s wishes or impulses to someone else.
n. Excessive use of intellectual vocabulary, thinking, discussions, and philosophies to
avoid feelings.
o. Justification of unacceptable attitudes, beliefs, or behavior by the misapplication of
viable reasons or by the invention of false reasons.
p. A socially acceptable way of making up for weaknesses.
q. The unconscious carrying out of behavior or verbal communication to negate a
previous mistake, as though the mistake never occurred.
9. List alternatives to defense mechanisms?