Central Georgia Technical College
Clinical Laboratory Technology Program
Clinical Practicum Worksheet #1
CLBT 2090 – Phlebotomy, Urinalysis
Student _______________________________
Clinical Affiliate _______________
Department ____________________________
Dates of rotation _______________
(Used additional sheets as necessary)
Phlebotomy
1. Explain the importance of proper collection and transport of specimens.
2. List criteria for evaluating specimen quality and taking corrective actions to resolve
problems.
3. Differentiate between plasma and serum. Which protein is found in plasma, but not in
serum?
4. State the purpose of anticoagulants.
5. Why should the serum be separated from red blood cells when blood is collected for a
serum sample?
6. List the tube stopper color, the specimen type, and the assays most commonly
associated with the following anticoagulants:
Sodium citrate
Potassium oxalate
Sodium fluoride
Lithium heparin
Sodium heparin
EDTA
7. When is it beneficial to use a butterfly needle?
8. State the priority of specimen collection for the following:
Stat, ASAP, Fasting, Timed, Peak, and Trough
9. What is a hematoma?
10. Discuss the special handling of specimens for the following materials and conditions:
Cold agglutinins
Protimes
Cold transport
Protection from light
11. List five assays that require a blood specimen taken during patient fasting.
12. What information should be included on the specimen label?
13. How are infectious materials disposed of?
14. Describe the following symbols and explain their use:
Biohazard
Radiation
Flammable liquids
Explosives
15. Explain the use of the chemical spill cleanup kit.
16. Explain the use of safety showers and eyewash station.
17. Explain proper handwashing technique.
18. What is the MSDS manual and how is it used?
19. Explain Universal Precautions.
20. What is used to disinfect work areas and how are they effective?
Urine, Serology, Body fluid
1. Briefly describe the functions of the kidney.
2. Briefly discuss changes that may take place in a urine specimen if left at room
temperature for longer than 1 hour.
3. Discuss the following, including definition, etiology, and urinalysis findings for each.
Acute Glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic Syndrome
Pyelonephritis
4. Discuss the three types of epithelial cells in urine. What is their significance?
5. What are the roles of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in renal
concentration?
6. List five abnormal urine colors and give a possible cause for each.
7. Define hematuria and hemoglobinuria, What is their significance? Give examples of
clinical conditions associated with each.
8. List six clinical conditions characterized by elevated levels of urine protein.
9. Discuss the principle of the reagent strip test for pH.
10. Discuss reasons for false-negative reactions on the reagent strip test for nitrites.
11. Explain how casts are formed.
12. Discuss Bence Jones protein, including definition, detection, and associated diseases.
13. Discuss bilirubin, including definition, formation, and diseases associated with
increased urinary bilirubin.
14. Discuss the principle of the reagent strip test for leukocytes.
15. Discuss the principle of the automated urinalysis instrument used at your clinical site.
16. Describe the major functions of the Cerebral Spinal Fluid.
17. Discuss meningitis, including definition, etiology, and typical laboratory findings.
18. Define xanthochromia. What is its significance?
19. What tests are normally performed in a semen analysis for fertility studies? What
tests are normally performed on postvasectomy specimens?
20. What is the significance of fructose in semen?
21. What tests are normally performed on synovial fluid?
22. Define transudate and exudates.
23: What tests are normally performed on peritoneal fluid? What is the significance of
increased or decreased levels in these tests?
24. List the five classes of immunoglobulins and briefly discuss each one.
25. Define monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
26. Define complement and discuss its major roles. Discuss the classic and alternate
pathways and their relationship to the terminal complement cascade.
27. Define phagocytosis. What is its role in the immunologic response?
28. Discuss the four types of hypersensitivity reactions, including cell types involved and
examples of each type.
29. Define immune status.
30. What information can rubella testing provide? What titer usually implies immunity?
31. Discuss the RPR and VDRL tests, defining each and the tests used to confirm positive
results.
32, What are cold agglutinins?
33. Discuss the ASO titer, including principle of the test and the significance of increased
titers.
34. Discuss the principle of the Mono test. How long after an infectious mononucleosis
infection will the involved antibodies remain detectable?
35. Discuss the Weil-Felix reaction. How can it be helpful diagnostically?
36. Discuss the acute phase proteins, including definition, site of production, examples,
and conditions associated with increased levels.
37. Explain enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Give examples of this technique.
38. Discuss hepatitis B, including transmission, appearance of antigen and antibody, core
window, and immunity.
39. Discuss hepatitis A, including transmission, antigen and antibody detection, and
immunity.
40. Define tumor markers and discuss the diagnostic significance of CEA, AFP, and
HCG.
41, Discuss antinuclear antibodies (ANA), including definition, interpretation of tests,
and conditions associated with ANA’s.
42. Briefly discuss human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including transmission,
current screening methods, the window between infection and the presence of detectable
antibodies, and confirmatory testing.
43. Explain the principle of the latex agglutination test for rheumatoid factor (RF). What
is a significant titer?