Guided Reading Worksheet #1 – Chapter 3
USE THE BOOK FOR ANSWERS - DON’T GUESS. Read each section and follow along with the
worksheet to find the answers.
SECTION: MOLECULES OF LIFE –Carbohydrates and Proteins
CARBOHYDRATES:
1. Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed elements of ____________, hydrogen and
___________________ in a ratio of about 1 carbon atom to
and 1 ___________ atom.
2 ____________atoms
2. Some carbohydrates serve as a source of ___________. Other carbohydrates are used as
____________________materials.
3. Saccharide is the word used for _______________.
4. A simple sugar is “one sugar”. It is called a ______________________________
5. The prefix “di” means “two”. A sugar that has two molecules in it is called a
_______________________________.
6. A ____________________is a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides.
7. Animals store glucose in muscle tissues in the form of the polysaccharide called
__________________.
8. Glycogen consists of ___________________of _________________molecules strung together in
a highly branched chain.
9. Cellulose is made of ________________of ________________monomers linked in long, straight
chains.
10. Now that you have read this section, what carbohydrates are used sources of energy in cells?
(Name at least two)____________________________________________________________
11. Structure is just like a building - it holds the cell together or makes a plant wall rigid so plants
can stand tall. Name two carbohydrates that are used as structural materials in
cells.______________________________________________
PROTEINS:
1.
Proteins are organic compounds composed mainly of the elements ___________,
_______________, _____________, and __________________(CHON)
2. Proteins are made of chains of _____________ ___________.
3. Proteins are chains of amino acids. Think of it as a necklace made of beads. The whole necklace
is the protein, but each bead itself is one amino acid, and each amino acid is different (like
different colored beads). Draw a protein below, using the analogy described:
4. What are four examples of things made of proteins? (use the book for answers)________, _________,
______________,_________________.
5. Biological catalysts are called ____________These are also made of proteins.
6. How many kinds of amino acids are there?________(read the book!)
7. Amino acids have two functional groups. They are located at opposite ends of the molecule.
These two functional groups are _______________and _________________.
8. Draw an amino acid (fig.3-7) below: (NOT the simplified version!)
9. The differences in the amino acids is in the “R”groups. The R groups give the different proteins
different ___________________. The different _____________allow proteins to carry out many
different activities in ______________things.
10. Amino acids are bonded together with bonds called _________________bonds.
11. They bond together in a special kind of reaction The name of this reaction is called the
____________________reaction which forms the ____________bond. This reaction also
releases a water molecule.
12. Very long chains of amino acids are called __________________________ chains because there
are many of these bonds in the chains.
13. Practice using vocabulary: The monomers of protein chains are
____________ _____________.
14. Practice using the vocabulary. The bonds that hold amino acids together are called
___________bonds.
15. READ THIS: Proteins are the folded and bent polypeptide chains. These folded chains make
shapes of the protein molecules. If you apply heat, change the pH, expose the protein to solvents
(chemicals that dissolve) it can cause the protein to denature. Now that you have read this,
explain what happens to a proteins shape when it denatures:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
16. What are two examples of protein – based enzymes? _______________________or
___________
17. What, exactly, is the active site of the model of the enzyme action?
18. The enzyme is the catalyst. A catalyst is an enzyme. Did you get that???? What does the
catalyst do to increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
19. What happens to an enzyme if the temperature is increased or the pH is changed? (Hint: refer to
question 15 above)
20. Draw a “lock and Key” model of the way an enzyme functions below. Be sure to label the
enzyme, substrate, active site and show how the enzyme works in three distinct steps.
21. Find 5 interesting things in these two sections that were not covered in these 20 questions you
just answered. Write 5 more questions and the answers to them below (they can be multiple
choice or short answer, but do not write any true or false)