MILL HOUSE BATAN - BUZALJKO STOLAC: REHABILITATION AND CURRENT MAINTENANCE PROJECT 2012
PROJECT ARCH PLUS STOLAC
MILL HOUSE BATAN - BUZALJKO, STOLAC
REHABILITATION AND CURRENT MAINTENANCE PROJECT
Director:
LIDIJA MIĆIĆ B.Sc.Arch.
Prepared by:
AZER ALIČIĆ, B.Sc.Arch.
AZRA HAD ŽIĆ, B.Sc.Arch.
Sarajevo, April 2012
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MILL HOUSE BATAN - BUZALJKO STOLAC: REHABILITATION AND CURRENT MAINTENANCE PROJECT 2012
1. Introduction
The general aim of the project documentation for the rehabilitation and ongoing maintenance of five (5) mills on the river Bregava in Stolac is the preservation and promotion of cultural and historical heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina or heritage as a bridge between communities, where work on the rehabilitation of the architectural heritage of Stolac has the primary goal of reconstruction and development of communities destroyed by war, with special emphasis on the ability to include the mill on the river Bregava in the process of sustainable economic development in Stolac.
2. The aim of the project
This project was conceived with the aim of improving of social and economic situation of Stolac and its citizens, through the possibility of economic development through the restoration of cultural heritage. Furthermore, another objective of the project is to raise awareness about the value of cultural heritage for sustainable social development.
For this purpose it is necessary to create detailed design of rehabilitation and maintenance for mills with stamper and vats at the corresponding cp1308/1: Mill house Batan - Buzaljko in
Stolac on river Bregava in order to repair the damage to the physical structure, enable mills to operate and incorporate it in the sustainable economic development process in Stolac municipality, to provide space for activities related to craftsmanship, economy, arts and to physically and functionally enable accompanying facilities for potential economic purposes, especially for cultural tourism.
It should be emphasized that the preservation of the physical structure of facilities will preserve typological examples of craftsmanship structures, which have centuries of continuity.
3. Location:
Mill house was built on the river Bregava, i.e. on artificially derived branch, accompanied by a small complex of commercial buildings. Architecture is simple, completely subordinated to the economic function of the mill house. During the war period it suffered damage, and because of the state of conservation, uniqueness in functioning of mill wheels and the manufacturing process, as well as specific manner of micro-environment conditions necessary for its work, it is the subject of project documentation for the repair and technical maintenance works.
4. Technical description
4.1. Architectural composition
The complex consists of the mill house, building for storage, stampers and vats. Mill house is a ground-level building, while the storage building and column is a one storey building.
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Mill house.
The building has an irregular elongated rectangular basis, where the northern and southern walls are formed in a mild form of the letter "V". The outer dimensions are 4.97 (5.15) x18, 93 (19.07) m. The entrance to the building, which was built as a unique space in the interior, is on the west facade. Along the inner face of the northern wall there are eight mills (one of which was devastated), each mill is separated with wooden construction - frames, which are also part of the structural-functional whole of mills themselves. Miller living space is organized at the eastern end of mill house, and on the inner side of the east wall there are two simple alcoves
(31 and 37cm wide), for which it is assumed whey were used to set the lighting.
1
Image above: Ground plan of-mill house Batan Buzaljko (taken from the as-built documentation of
Commission for Preservation of National Monuments in BiH)
Mill wheels are driven by water from the artificial river branch, taken through the grooves (under angle of 19 ⁰ ), and the grooves themselves are equipped with shutters that come down when the mill is stopped (water supply to the mill is stopped). These are powered by wooden pebbles located in the underwater part (the closet), on which there is wheel driven by water impact, axis of which transfers the force (which passes through the mill) to the round shaped millstone above which there is a wooden crate (or barn or basket), which holds the grain for grinding. Grain drops through its lower part, and this is regulated by grain drop regulator. Grain falls to the bottom stone, whose distance from the upper stone is regulated by the lever, controlling the fineness of flour dropping in a wooden crate. These devices are used for grinding of grain and suffered no major changes in the last 300 years, ever since the date of first description of the mill house.
Lately, the only novelty is the use of ball bearings and iron wheel. Inside the mill there are mill wheels and wooden crates.
Building for storage and stampers. Just along the road is the auxiliary building of the mill house for storage and stampers, stretching north-south. The main function of this building is production of special kind of cloth through rolling and stamping, where different products for the apparel of residents were made.
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The first floor has "drying room", i.e. room for drying of clothes in the winter. Stamper is not a part of the building - it is in the part of the building which is at the water level, and covered with the upper level (the part for drying), which provides shelter from the elements.
Storage building with stamper is extremely simple structure, built of cut stone as one floor building with ceiling, and roof structure constructed of wood. It is covered with stone slabs. The exterior facades are plastered on the part where post and petrail structure was used. Properly chiseled stone is left exposed at the corners of the southern part of the building. It was built without any decoration with purely utilitarian nature.
PRESJEK STUPE
STUPE
(nisu u upotrebi)
OSNOVA STUPE
OSNOVA na koti ±0'00
Stampers (not in use) plan at level 0'00
OSNOVA na koti +2'33
Plan at level +2''33
DETALJ TOCKA
Stamper crossection/Stamper plan/Wheel detail
Picture above: The plan of building and details of the stamper (taken from the as built documentation of the
Commission for Preservation of National Monuments)
4.2. Structures
4.2.1. Mill house building
Walls. building is made of stone masonry using limestone, where the angles at the positions where walls connect, as well as window and door openings, are technically and aesthetically made of regular shaped stone blocks. The walls were built using lime mortar.
Roof.
Gabled roof, wooden roof structure, simple structural system, made of logs, where the "full trusses" are coupled with scissors. The roof cover is a stone slab, which has been mainly replaced with tiles as temporary protection of structure against the elements.
4.2.2. Building for storage and stampers
Walls. Southern part of the building is made of stone masonry using limestone, where the angles at the positions where walls connect, as well as window and door openings, are technically and
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MILL HOUSE BATAN - BUZALJKO STOLAC: REHABILITATION AND CURRENT MAINTENANCE PROJECT 2012 aesthetically made of regular shaped stone blocks, and the upper part of the northern wall above the stamper is made of the post and petrail structure. The walls were built using lime mortar.
Images above: View of the southern and northern parts of the building with stamper
Roof.
The roof is a wooden structure, and roof cover is stone slab.
Ceiling structure.
Made of timber, standing on a wooden pole with a saddle on the lower level.
Floor finish is made of planks.
Images above: The roof and mezzanine structure of the building with stamper
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4.3. Facade
4.3.1. Mill house
The facades of the building are simple, devoid of architectural details, so it can be said that the formal artistic expression of the object is subordinate to its primary economic function. The facades have stone wall canvases, partially open with two windows on the south longitudinal wall. Gabled, gently sloping specific stone slab covered roof, follows simplicity of geometry of the entire building. There are no decorative architectural elements.
Picture above: South longitudinal facade of the mill house
In terms of design and artistic architecture the building for storage and stamper was treated as simply as the mill house: southern part is built of stone and wasn’t plastered, and part of the building made of post and petrail (northern part above the stamper) is plastered. Gabled gently sloped roof, is covered with stones slabs. The building has no architectural decorations.
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MILL HOUSE BATAN - BUZALJKO STOLAC: REHABILITATION AND CURRENT MAINTENANCE PROJECT 2012
Picture above left: View of southern part of the building for storage and stamper made of stone
Picture above right: View of the upper level (the northern part of the building for storage and stamper) built using post and petrail
5. Current condition - 2012
The mill house, in addition to 8 mills, includes stamper and vat with auxiliary building, and it is the only of the concerned mill houses which is partly in operation. Two mills are active, while stampers and vast are out of function - but complete infrastructure was kept, and all technological elements, based on which it is possible to perform a complete revitalization of the technological process and materialization. Constructively, mill house building was built with local stone and loosely bonded with lime mortar as a binder, while the roof was temporarily reconstructed and covered with tiles on changed roof structure. Other auxiliary buildings were destroyed, especially the roof and ceiling structure. The right branch of the river Bregava supplies water for the mill house, and all channels leading to mills, stamper and vat are preserved and visible. Mill house outlet has a partial dam which turned it into a fishpond.
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Image above - left: Inlet grooves which must be cleaned and repaired
Image above - right: Part of the north wall with view on the roof plane of the building for storage and stamper
Images above: Part of the building interior mills with a view of the roof structure with the elements of partially preserved wooden structural system
Image below: Mills with complete construction above the water
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6. Detailed description of levels of intervention: type and quality of construction materials and technology of repair works
Since this is a specific type of work, thus building materials - and the technology of works must fully comply with the cultural and historical value of the object, the current condition, the geometry of the structure, visual-forming characteristics and construction technology of old architects from Bosnia and Herzegovina.
7.1.
Preliminary works
In frame of preparatory works it is necessary to close the flood-gate, stop the flow of water in the branch and lower the lids on grooves stopping the water supply to the grooves in order to stop the work of mills. Thereafter, when the bed is dry it should be thoroughly cleaned of vegetation, debris and deposited layers of mud and silt in the branch of Bregava, under supervision.
Cleaning must be done manually, without use of chemicals. This item includes cleaning of the side walls of the inlet branch, underwater parts of the mill house (inlet channels, underwater arched stone wall of the mill house and parts downstream from underwater arched stone wall), as well as the area around the stamper and vats. Cleaning is done under continuous monitoring.
This is followed by the careful dismantling of loosened stone blocks from the structure of walls
(stone blocks that are not stable and lost a constructive link with the healthy parts of the walls).
Stones must be labeled, cleaned, stored in a dry and protected place and prepared for reinstallation. The stone that has lost its structural properties must be separated and saved for possible use as aggregate for making of mortar for stone masonry walls and filling: Water under pressure from the VAP (high-pressure water spray), should be used to rinse all joints from the decomposed remains of mortar, earth and rubble. The pressure in the VAP must not exceed 3
Bars.
Also, it is necessary to make careful dismantling of all subsequently built in concrete and other inappropriate elements and materials. Rubble should be loaded on trucks and taken to the deposit site.
For the purposes of conservation of mills, it is necessary to make drawings for the dismantling of the existing mills (obligation of the contractor) for cleaning purposes, a detailed technical inspection of underwater arched stone wall and water channels; drawings should contain all technical details, materials and method of functioning of the entire mill (the underwater and above water part) before dismantling, mills must be labeled and deposited at the prepared site, protected from the elements and possible theft and damage: Contractor is required to engage conservator for wood and iron in this process. This category includes the entire mill, together with a wooden frame and baskets.
After this the careful dismantling of the existing wooden elements of the stamper and vat should take place. Before dismantling, elements must be labeled, as built drawings must be made and only then careful dismantling - removal to prepared site can be done, where required moisture content of wood, preventing of rot and adequate protection against negative impact of environmental factors can be ensured; metal parts must be cleaned of rust, painted with protection and adequately stored.
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Inside the main building of mill house it is necessary to carefully dismantle the cement screed.
Dismantling must be done by hand by breaking everything from the sound bedrock, this material should then be loaded on trucks and taken to deposit site. After the removal, stone surfaces should be cleaned using pressurized water.
As the mill house building has suffered damage to masonry structures, it is necessary to carefully dismantle loosened stone blocks from the walls above the floor level of the mill (stone blocks that are not stable and lost a structural link with the healthy parts of the walls). Stone must be labeled, cleaned and stored in a dry protected place and prepared for re-installation.
The stone that has lost its structural properties must be separated and saved for possible use as aggregate for making of mortar for stone masonry walls and filling: Water under pressure from the VAP (high-pressure water spray), must be used to rinse all joints from the decomposed remains of mortar, earth and rubble. The pressure in the VAP must not exceed 3 Bars in preparation for repair of the walls (pointing) of the walls, this repair must be done using the hydraulic lime mortar made with fine-grained fluvial granules (zero). After the disassembly, the remaining part of the inner surfaces of the walls must be cleaned from the layer of lime milk.
Due to the long-term exposure to negative impact of weather, it is necessary to dismantle all the wooden structural elements in the auxiliary building (supporting pillar with the saddle, bearing beams, ceiling beams, floor boards, complete post and petrail system with load-bearing beams and infill, ceiling beams and wooden roof. Dismounted elements, which, from the standpoint of conservation and construction, can be used for re-installation will be separated from the other
(before dismantling, all elements must be labeled, and good ones stored in a dry place prepared in advance), the rest will be taken to deposit site along with the rubble. Conservation cleaning of stone elements of the auxiliary building and preparation for pointing is also necessary.
Much of the woodwork on buildings. Careful dismantling of all doors (internal and external) and windows from the mill house building and auxiliary building; wood window jambs are not to be disassembled (except if severe damage is detected).
Mill house building, as well as additional objects, was originally covered with stone slabs, part of which was preserved on the buildings, while the building of mill house was covered with tile for prevention. It is necessary to carefully dismantle roof tiles and stone slabs, take the dismantled material from the building and load it on trucks which will transport it to deposit site;
The interior of the building has structural elements of the roof that are the result of subsequent interventions, and because of that - and because of structural reasons – it is necessary to dismantle part of the wooden roof structure built-in during subsequent interventions using inadequate materials. All the original elements of the roof structure will be kept
(disassembly must be done under strict supervision of the project manager); dismantled material must be loaded on trucks and transported to the deposit site.
As one of the goals of this project is to include mill house buildings into sustainable economic development of Stolac, principle of active protection must be applied to this complex to enable it structurally and functionally for new uses appropriate to the facility, and its economic possibilities. In this regard, it is necessary to perform excavation of the existing floor at ground
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MILL HOUSE BATAN - BUZALJKO STOLAC: REHABILITATION AND CURRENT MAINTENANCE PROJECT 2012 level in the auxiliary building at a depth of 20cm with loading of rubble in trucks and transport to deposit site.
Subsequently, it is planned to manually punch a hole through the walled door opening between two rooms in the upstairs of the auxiliary storage building with stamper.
After the completion of preparatory works, chronological approach will be used for the performance of repair works.
7.2.
Masonry work
During the period when the riverbed is dry it is necessary to perform cleaning and injecting of the walls on the basis of preliminary technical report of the geomechanical and geotechnical surveys of the foundations and underlying soil, as well as structural analysis, which are an integral part of project documentation. Injection is performed using special mixture for underwater structures based on cement mortar with a high level of hydraulic resistance to washing and degradation due to the aggressive impact of water, especially in case of torrential impacts. Injection in parts which are above water will be done using lime-cement mortar (10% cement, cement has to be white
– from Split or Kakanj, in order to achieve a visual effect of pure lime mortar). Injection is performed by standard procedures.
It is necessary to prepare a new stone, modeled on existing, for the purposes of repair of damage to masonry walls made of stone structures. Masonry is made with 50% new lime stone.
The new stone which is used for construction of missing parts of existing walls must come from the quarry from which stone was exploited to build the mill house with associated facilities, or from the quarry from which stone was taken for the previous conservation and restoration of the buildings.
If these quarries, are not in use any more, then the stones used should match the petrographic and physical and mechanical properties of the existing stone structures in the preserved walls. Size, manner of processing, geometry, and especially binding of stones must match the preserved surrounding wall surface. Newly built wall structure must match the original one.
Repair of wall surfaces with loose stones must be done using stone that was previously carefully removed, cleaned, prepared and deposited for re-installation. Before this repair wall must be cleaned all the way to healthy surface.
Lime mortar 1:3 must be used for the purposes of repair works on stone walls above the level of water. Naturally slaked lime aged for a minimum of three months and fine grain, clean and dry river sand must be used. It is necessary to use white cement for strengthening of mortar with maximum amount of 10%. Reinforced lime mortar must be used in place of wall tops and specific constructive collision points of two walls.
Repair of the surface of the walls, which were cleaned from decomposed remains of mortar and rubble, or where the mortar was washed out, shall be done as follows: the joints must be cleaned from decomposed material until healthy wall base is reached; After cleaning, the joints will be flushed out and pointed using lime mortar 1:3 for the building above the water level, while on the part of the stone masonry structures which are under water hydraulic mortar
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MILL HOUSE BATAN - BUZALJKO STOLAC: REHABILITATION AND CURRENT MAINTENANCE PROJECT 2012 repair and pointing will be done, this mortar must be resistant to flushing and intense flow of water.
Plastering is done in the interior of the southern part of the storage and stamper facility at both levels (ground floor and first floor). Plastering is done with lime mortar with thickness of up to 1.5 cm with constant pargeting. Finishing is done using the lime milk in three coats of whitening, where the first layer is applied to wet plaster. Few drops of linseed oil should be added to lime milk.
7.3. Stonecutting works
Stone cutting works include creating of a new base of the wooden pillar for the stamper.
The base is reconstructed following the original.
7.4. Carpentry works
Carpentry works include required repair of the floor structure in the building with storage and stampers, as well as post and petrail in the stamper space in the upper level.
Reconstructions should utilize previously dismantled healthy wooden elements, and the missing elements of wooden structures should be replaced with I class fir, hand tooled to necessary measures. After completion of the works, all elements must be protected using oil coating made from oil solvent and linseed oil in the ratio 1:1. The coating must be done in three layers.
Wooden floor structure, which consists of wooden beams dimensioned according to static calculation.
Restoration of damaged roof structures on the mill house and auxiliary facilities shall be made so that the ridge beam and purlins are replaced with fir manually tooled to the necessary extent and rafters made of fir logs with maximum diameter of 12cm from which bark and all visible damage has been stripped. Front parts of the rafters are left visible. Timber must be dried naturally, with a maximum coefficient of humidity of up to 12%.
Gabled roof, wooden roof structure, a system of simple birdsmouth joints wedged at the ridge with angled braces made of same timber.
Planking must be done to enable roof covering using stone slabs, using wooden laths distanced up to 30cm and measuring 5x8cm.
The rafters are mounted distanced up to 45cm.
The roof of the mill house is not covered with planks or hydro-insulation to allow for natural ventilation of the premises required due to the effects of the technological process of milling in the mill house. Roofs on the auxiliary facilities will be designed as a classic ventilated roofs with planks made of fir class II and reinforced felt-roofing.
All lintels and wood window jambs must be kept and protected with coating against rot and a fungus which is water based and has environmentally acceptable characteristics. Any changes will be made on the spot with the consent of the designer and supervisor.
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7.5. Roof covering works
Roofs are covered by hand-knapped stone slab, with thickness of 2-4cm and the minimum surface of 60cm2.
The roof of the auxiliary facilities will be covered with panels coated with lime mortar where necessary. Surface plate will be calculated as 1.5x of the roof surface.
Because of its specificity mill house roof must be covered using original binding, not lubricated, and the calculated minimum will be 2x real roof surface. Board must be reinforced with forged girders nailed in rafters at the distance of up to 1 meter. All penetrations through the roof and joints are made with lead sheet with thickness of 1.5 mm with a standard tinsmith connection.
The quality of stone for making of roof panels must be free of impurities of any other material, have uniform thickness and color, be arranged in a pattern that matches the geometry of the roof. Stacking of stone plates on mill house must enable natural ventilation of the covered area, so that technological process does not endanger the health of users and visitors of the mill house. The contractor is required to consult with the current user of the mill.
7.6. Fine carpentry works
Fine carpentry works include making and installation of new windows and doors (exterior and interior) on the mill house building and auxiliary facilities.
Dimensions of carpentry will be defined in existing masonry openings on the spot. White pine, I class, and humidity between 8 -12% must be used for making of carpentry. Single layer
(sheet) glass with thickness of 4mm in battens. Window and door hardware must be made from forged blued iron as existing ones or if there are no existing ones according to project description. The windows must be installed with inside stool and outside sill. The external doors must have a safety lock. Carpentry finish must be done using triple coating solution of linseed oil and oil solvent in the ratio of 1:1 and colored according to the instructions of the designer. When preparing woodwork contractor must comply with all conditions specified in the general and special conditions of construction.
Making of decorative ceilings in an auxiliary building is made of white pine planks 12cm wide and 1.4 cm thick. Decorative ceiling is nailed into ceiling beams, and connections are covered with strips of white pine. Finishing is done using a triple coating solution of linseed oil and oil solvent in the ratio of 1:1 toned according to designer. Coating is carried out before installation. Decorative ceilings are installed in an auxiliary house over the premises in the southern part of the building (ground floor and first floor), and over the northern part of the room above the stamper.
Note: All carpentry must be installed using dry-mounting method. If necessary use wedges of forged blued iron.
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Outside front door of the mill house and building for storage and stamper must be made of 4cm dark pine boards connected with tongue and groove joint. Doorstep must be made from a single piece of local limestone, made using bush hammering. Door frames in contact with stone walls and lime mortar must be protected with felt on all contact surfaces to avoid moisture absorption. Exterior doors must be specially coated on the outside for protection from the elements, worms and fungi. Protection is done using hydrophobic water based solutions, odorless and acceptable from the standpoint of environment and protection of human health.
Internal doors must be made of white pine timber, I class - thickness 2.4 cm, with forged iron fittings and dry installation. Protection is carried out using three-layer coating solution of linseed oil and oil solvent in ratio of 1:1, and toning will be performed as instructed by the designer. Where there is a doorstep it will be made of limestone of local origin, finely bush hammered.
7.7. Flooring works
Mill house building.
After removing the existing flooring made of cement screed and thorough cleaning with pressurized water up to healthy stone layer, and given the specificity of the process of works, it is planned to build chipped stone slab floor made of I class stone, 4cm thick and treated with fine bush hammering. Slabs must be laid in hydraulic cement mortar, joints are covered with white cement milk. After watering the stones must be cleaned of dirt and excess cement milk. For ease of cleaning, the floors must slope towards prepared drains as defined in the project. Drains must be made of stone built to stop water. Joint surface of floor and walls of the mill house must be sealed using hydraulic mortar with additives. The lower zone of the internal faces of the walls (for ease of maintenance) should be treated with vaporpermeable hydrophobic protection JUBOSILIH to a maximum of two layers going up to 1 meter above floor level.
Auxiliary storage building with stampers.
As the project should use proper conservation and restoration interventions to facilitate the economic viability of the facility in a manner appropriate to the cultural and historical value of the building and the needs of its owner, it is planned that the ground floor should be made of knapped stone in hydraulic cement mortar with joints of white cement milk. Slabs are placed on previously prepared surface of large-grain river gravel up to 10 cm diameter and compacted to required hardness, which is leveled using limecement mortar in a layer of up to 5cm, on which the self-leveling film will be poured and covered with hydro-insulation layer of poured Kema- plastic or other material with similar characteristics.
Angled coves should be envisaged for pouring going up to 15cm.
It is required to make a new floor made of wooden boards of white pine, 3.0 cm thick and invisibly nailed in the ceiling beams. On the first floor of the auxiliary facility boards will be finished with sanding and coating processes using matte clear coat in three layers. Board will be hammered together. Contact point between the floor and the wall is treated by placing profiled strips, 5 cm height and 1.5 cm thick.
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7.7.1. Processing of external walking surfaces
Access road.
The existing access road must be reshaped in form of an access ramp defined by the existing slope, which is shaped so as to ensure safe use for pedestrians, as well as for delivery of products from the mill house, as well as raw materials for the work of the mills.
The ramp is coated with river cobblestone with minimum diameter of 12cm, which is put into cement mortar. It is necessary to set a step made of fine bush-hammered stone with length equal to the width of the ramp. Step should have the size 10x10cm, 8cm of which should be in cement mortar, and 2 cm should remain above the pavement. Ramp must be completed with drainage with width which corresponds to the width of the ramp, and purpose of collecting rainwater that pours down a ramp. Drainage bed must be covered with a mobile stone grid to allow cleaning. It is necessary to install forged iron handrail with height of 90cm in length corresponding to the developed length of the ramp for safety reasons.
Finishing of the external surface between the mill and storage facility with stamper.
Finishing of the walking surfaces will be done using the stone slabs laid in earth. 8cm thick plates will be hammered in earth and pointed with cement mortar. Panels must be resistant to abrasion, frost, without veins and color additives. Final finish of natural-stone, with no protection.
Access stairs to the first floor are made of stone, while the platform is made of concrete, which will be replaced with wood, which was originally used (before this recent intervention).
7.8. Insulation
Floor insulation. Under the ground floor the building will be insulated with extra cast chemo-stop insulation with thickness from 2mm and 15cm coves.
The floor joists in the auxiliary building must be insulated using Styrofoam with thickness of 12 cm, which is put between the beams.
Roof structure. The roof structure of the auxiliary building will be insulated with reinforced roof felt, and 10 cm thick polystyrene will be used as thermal insulation, which will be placed between the rafters in the entire roof surface.
Note: The roof structure of the mill house will not have thermal or hydro insulation.
7.9. Water installation
In the framework of works on water installations, it is planned to repair existing plumbing, as well as to build a new toilet on the ground of the auxiliary building, which will be connected to
(installations for sewage drainage and ventilation) new two-chamber cesspool.
7.10. Electrical installations
Rehabilitation of existing wiring is also provided in the project, as well as making of new lightning rods to be earthed with probing.
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