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Norjihan Abdul Ghani
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Subject Title:
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System Analysis & Design/System Analysis & Design
Subject Code
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CICT1033/CCPS2103
Lesson Title
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Sept 2008
Version: 1.0
The Value of System Analysis and Design
Introduction:
Gfx1
Gfx1
Gfx1: a picture of a bundle of papers(form) on a table.
Gfx2: a picture of people using a computer.
Learning Outcome:
In the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

define information systems analysis and design

describe the different types of information system

identify different types of stakeholders in an information systems

describe the information system development life cycle (SDLC)
List of Topic
No
a.
b.
c.
d.
Topic Title
Overview of information system
Types of information systems and systems development
The roles in systems development
System development life cycle
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Terminology
No
1.
Word
Decision
support
Definition
An information system including knowledge based systems that support
system
decision making activities or provides information to help make decision
rather than automating decisions
2.
Executive
An information system that intended to facilitate and support the planning
Information System
and assessment needs of senior executives by providing easy access to
both internal and external information relevant to meeting the strategic
goals of the organization
3.
Expert System
An information system that captures the expertise of workers and attempts
to reproduce the performance of one or more human experts, most
commonly in a specific problem domain, and is a traditional application
and/or subfield of artificial intelligence.
4.
Information system
An arrangement of people, data, processes, communications, and
information technology that interact to collect, process, store and provide
as output the information needed to support an organization
5.
6.
Management
An information system that provides for management-oriented reporting
information system
based on transaction processing an operations of the organization
System
A set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverable and automated
Development
Life
tools that stakeholders se to develop and maintain information system
Cycle
7.
Transaction
An information system that automate the handling of data; captures and
processing system
processed data about business transactions such as orders, timecards,
payments and reservations
Reference:
1. TPS – Transaction processing system
2. MIS - Management information system
3. DSS- Decision support system
4. EIS - Executive information system
5. ES – Expert System
6. SDLC - System development life cycle
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Content
Topic Title

:
Topic 1: Overview of Information System
Information system - an arrangement of people, data, processes, communications, and information
technology that interact to support and improve day-to-day operations in a business, as well as
support the problem-solving and decision-making needs of management and users (Bentley et. al.,
2007).
Ani1:
Ani1: A picture of data, people, process (all together) become one. Then, a word of information system
comes out.

also known as, an organizational improvement process

the trend of information system is to incorporate the Internet, especially the World Wide Web

Many of us are familiar with web-based information system; online ticketing booking such as
AirAsia.com and Malaysia airlines system
Gfx1:
Gfx1: A picture of Website AirAsia.com
Gfx2:
Gfx2: A picture from Malaysiaairlines.com
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Topic 2: Types of information systems and systems
development
1.2.1: Transaction Processing System

automates the handling of data about business transactions such as orders and purchasing,
timecards, payments and reservations.
Gfx3:
Gfx3: A picture of order and purchasing forms.


collect, store, modify, and retrieve the transactions or business process of an organization
it may help them to increase the transaction processing by speeding it up, using less people,
improving accuracy and easy to integrate with other information system
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1.2.2: Management Information System


known as information management and system used by manager to solve their business problems
uses the transaction data to produce information needed by manager to run the business
Ani2:
Ani2: A picture of people holding a form and look likes making a decision.

collect, process, store and disseminate data in the form of information needed to carry out the
functions of management
1.2.3 Decision Support System


include a knowledge-based systems to support decision making activities

utilizes data, provides an easy-to-use interface, and allows for the decision maker's own insights
support decision maker in making a decision in an interactive information system environment
Vid1:
Vid1: A video of people using a computer
1.2.4: Executive Information System
 planned to facilitate and support the information and decision making needs of senior executives

providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the strategic
goals of the organization

is an enterprise-wide decision support system since it helps help top-level executives to analyze,
compare, and highlight trends in important variables
Ani3:
Ani3: A picture of a few managers sit together and do discussion.
1.2.5: Expert System

develops to reproduce the performance of one or more human experts in a specific problem domain
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Activity A (Courseware Activity)
Match each of the following terms with its definition
a. Decision support system
b. Executive Information System
c. Expert System
d. Management information system
e. Transaction processing system
An information system that captures the expertise of workers and attempts to reproduce the performance
of one or more human experts, most commonly in a specific problem domain, and is a traditional
application and/or subfield of artificial intelligence. c
An information system that intended to facilitate and support the planning and assessment needs of
senior executives by providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting
the strategic goals of the organization. B
An information system that automate the handling of data; captures and processed data about business
transactions such as orders, timecards, payments and reservations. e
An information system that provides for management-oriented reporting based on transaction processing
an operations of the organization. d
An information system including knowledge based systems that support decision making activities or
provides information to help make decision rather than automating decisions. a
Activity B (Group Activity)
Choose an organization that you interact with regularly and discuss the system available that have been
used to process the organization activities such as process transaction, provide information and others.
It should not be too difficult for students to list the various “systems” for an organization, perhaps
for their university. The closest system to students their online student registration system.
These may include standard computer-based information systems, such as a transaction
processing system for recording the fees payment or for registering for a course. And some of
this system can be used by the administration for their daily tasks.
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Exercise
Answer TRUE or for FALSE for each of the questions below.
1. Transaction processing system automates the handling of data about business transactions such as
orders and purchasing. TRUE
2. The major focus of management information systems is to capture business transaction data, and
then sent it to a database. FALSE
3. Decision support system uses knowledge gathered from experts in order to make recommendations
to managers. FALSE
4. Decision support systems are tailored to the unique information needs of executives. FALSE
5. In Expert System, a process of gathering knowledge from experts is refers to knowledge
representation. FALSE
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1.3.1: System Owners
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Topic 3: The Roles In Systems Development
responsible for funding the project of developing, operating and maintaining the information system
Gfx1:
Gfx1: A picture of people (manager) holding a money.

interested to know about the cost of the system, the benefits of the system to the organization
rather than the way how the system will be developed
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1.3.2 System Users

a person who will use the information system
Gfx2:
Gfx2: A picture of a people using a computer

use the IS to capture, validate, enter, respond to, and exchange data and information

discussion with system users is important to make sure that the business requirements level is
similar with the technical requirements level
1.3.3 System Designer
 will translate the system users’ business requirement into technical parts

design a database, input and output interfaces, networks, and others in order to meet the system
users’ requirements
1.3.4: System Builders

will construct the system based on design specification done by system designer
1.3.5: System Analysts

an important role in system development

to determine which kind of system will best suit to the organizational problems or opportunity on
which you are focusing

study the problems and the needs of an organization to determine how people, data, processes and
information technology can best accomplish improvements for the business

develop an ideas and suggestions on how the use of information system can improve the business
process

plans the projects, develops schedules and estimates costs
Ani1:
Ani1: A picture of a few people are sit down together and discussing
1.3.6: Project Manager

must manage a team of system owners, system users, system designer, system builders, and
system analysts
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responsible for planning, monitoring and controlling the projects with respect to schedule, budget,
deliverables, customer satisfaction, technical standard and system quality
Activity A (Courseware Activity)
Activity B (Group Activity)
Based on Group Activity in the previous topic, list the main stakeholders involved in the system. before
that, explain the definition of stakeholders.
Stakeholders are the people who are affected and affect the information system
being implemented in an organization. The main stakeholders involved in the student registration
system in a university are :
 system owner : The University Management
 system user : students, lecturer, administrators
 System Designer, System Builders, System Analysts : peoples that involved in the system
development, normally initiates by the IT Unit

Project Manager : normally from IT Unit
Exercise
Answer TRUE or for FALSE for each of the questions below.
1
A stakeholder is a technical employee working on the systems analysis and design. FALSE
2
System owner is a person who responsible for funding the project to develop, operate and maintain
the information system. TRUE
3
System users always concerned with the system’s functionality and the system's ease of learning
and ease of use. TRUE
4
System builders construct the information systems components based on the design specifications
from the project manager. FALSE
5
A system analyst is a person who analyzes the problems and needs of an organization to determine
how people, data, processes, and information technology can best accomplish improvements for
their business. TRUE
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Topic 2: System Development Life Cycle
FIVE main phases in the system development life cycle
Ani1
Ani1: A picture from Figure 1-2
Each of the phases appears one by one. First, system planning appears follow by the others, then, after
system maintenance appears, all the arrows appears together with the text:
All the phases are iterative
When mouse over to System Planning: the text appears :
 The purpose of system planning phase is to perform a preliminary investigation to identify the
needs of the system based on the business opportunity and problems
When mouse over to System Analysis : the text appears :
 The second phase of SDLC is system analysis. The purpose of this phase is to analyze the
system requirement and build a logical model of the new system
When mouse over to System Design the text appears :

The purpose of this phase is to design a database, input and output and also interfaces that will
satisfy all documented requirement for the system
When mouse over to System implementation : the text appears :

The purpose of this phase is implement the system in a way of coding, testing, installation and
supports in the organizations
When mouse over to System Maintenance : the text appears :

The purpose of this phase is to support the system during its life cycle and to make sure that the
system reflecting the changes of business process
Activity A (Courseware Activity)
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Fill in the blanks with an appropriate answers
a
b
c
d
e
Activity B (Group Activity)
Discuss FIVE main phases involved in the system development life cycle
The FIVE phases of system development process are system planning, system analysis, system
design, system implementation and system maintenance.
1. System planning: Identifying the business problem and conducting the initial high-level
planning to define the project scope, goals, schedule, and budget.
2. System Analysis: Analyzing the business problem in order to understand it, and
identifying the business requirements and expectations for resolving the problem.
3. System design: Identifying alternative solutions, recommending and choosing the most
viable solution, and designing the chosen solution.
4. System implementation: Creating the chosen solution, i.e., constructing, testing,
installing, delivering the system into production, and conducting a post-implementation
evaluation.
5. System maintenance : Once the system is installed, it will be operated and the team
should establish support and help when the system needs to change
Exercise
Answer TRUE or for FALSE for each of the questions below.
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System development life cycle is a traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace
information systems. TRUE
2
Sometimes the process involved in systems development life cycle is iterative. TRUE
3
System Analysis is the study of a business problem domain to recommend improvements and by
gathering information for priorities for the solution. True
4
Design is the second phase of the system development life cycle where the current system is
studied and alternative replacement systems are proposed. FALSE
5
Implementation is the fourth phase of the system development life cycle where coding, testing,
installation and training should be conducted by the team. TRUE
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Summary
In the end of this lesson, you have learned that:-

an overview of information system

types of information systems

stakeholders involved in the systems development

system development life cycle
Self Assessment
Fill in with the correct answer
1.
A(n) __________________________ is an arrangement of people, data, processes, and information
technology that interact to support and improve day-to-day operations in a business as well as
support the problem-solving and decision making needs of management and users. information
system
2.
Today, most of the information systems are moving forward to a ___________________________
information system. web based
3.
A ________________________ is any person who has an interest or responsibility in an existing or
new information system. stakeholder
4.
_______________________ is people who use the system to perform or support their day-to-day
jobs. system users
5.
A ______________________________ is people who have the responsibility to analyze the
problems and needs of an organization in order to determine how people, data, processes,
communications, and information technology can best accomplish improvements for the
organization. systems analyst
6.
The ___________________________is the traditional methodology used to plan, analyze, develop,
maintain, and replace information systems. systems development life cycle
7.
___________________________ is the first phase of the SDLC in which an organization’s total
information system needs are identified, initiated, analyzed, planned, and arranged. Planning
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______________________________ is a system development phase here a team analyze the
business problem domain and recommend improvements and specify the business requirements for
the solution. Systems analysis
9.
___________________________is the fourth phase of the SDLC in which the information system is
coded, tested, installed, and trained in the organization. Implementation
10. ___________________________ is an ongoing process over the life cycle of an information system.
Maintenance
Reference

Lonnie D. Bentley, Jeffrey L. Whitten. 2007, Systems Analysis and Design Methods, 6th Edition,
McGraw Hill. (Bentley et. al., 2007)
 Jeffrey A Hoffer, Joey F. George and Joseph S. Valacich. 2005. Modern Systems Analysis and
Design. 4th ed. Prentice Hall. (Hoffer et. al., 2005)
 Shelly, Cashman, and Rosenblatt. 2006. System Analysis and Design, 6th Edition, Thomson. (Shelly
et. al., 2006).
Ending
In the next lesson, we will discuss the first step involved in system development life cycle; system
planning. System planning is important in order to identify a problems exists in the organizations and plan
and initiate a system development project.
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