Environmentally
Sustainable Development
VI
Book of Abstracts - I
[Environment]
Chief Editor
Iftikhar A. Raja
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Abbottabad (Pakistan)
Book of Abstracts Sixth International Conference on
Environmentally Sustainable Development
ESDev – 2015
23-25 August 2015
Department of Environmental Sciences,
CIIT-Abbottabad, Pakistan
Published by:
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
University Road,
Abbottabad
Pakistan
©
2015, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Abbottabad, Pakistan
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including
photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without prior permission from the copyright owner.
ISBN: 978-969-487-022-9
Printed by:
Editorial Board
Chief Editor
Dr. Iftikhar A. Raja
Editor
Dr. Arshid Pervez
Associate Editors
Dr. Qaisar Mahmood
Dr. Muhammad Irshad
Dr. Maria Siddique
Dr. Irum Shahzadi
Technical Editor
Waqar Azim
Conference Patronage
Dr. S. M. Junaid Zaidi S.I.(Rector, CIIT)
Dr. Khan Gul Jadoon (Director, CIIT, Abbottabad)
Organizing Committee Member
Iftikhar A Raja
Arshid Pervez
M. Maroof Shah
Kiramat Khan
Muhmmad Irshad
Khawaja Farooq A.
Qaisar Mehmood
Farid Ullah
Raza Ahmed
Zulfiqar A Bhatti
Mohammad Bilal
Romana Khan
Maria Siddique
Adnan Ahmed Tahir
Tatheer Alam Naqvi
Abdul Nazir
Jamshaid Hussain
Abdur Rehman
Akhtar Iqbal
Bilal Ahmad Zafar
Shahid Masood Shah
Nadia Riaz
Wajiha Khan
Fazli Wahid
Ayesha Baig
Toqueer Ahmed
Usman Irshad
Chairman
Secretary
Member
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Muhammad Shahzad
Rafiq Ahmed
Sabaz Ali Khan
Malik Tahir Hayat
Irum Shahzadi
Ismat Nawaz
Khalid Ahmad
M. Javed Iqbal
Naseer Ahmad
Rashid Nazir
Shamyla Nawazish
Yasar Sajjad
Sajid Hussain Shah
Bibi Saima Zeb
Habiba Zafar
Ummara Waheed
Mian Basit Shah
Ghazal Khurshid
Sadaqat
Shehlah Amjad
Nisar Ahmed
Shahid Khattak
M Mushtaq Khan
Bahadar Nawab
M. Zahid Khan
Syed Zulfiqar Zaidi
Member
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
With the approval of competent authority for conduct of ESDev-2015 (23-25 August,
2015) in a befitting manner, following committees are notified.
Conference Patronage
Dr. S. M. Junaid Zaidi (Rector, CIIT)
Dr. Khan Gul (Director, CIIT Abbottabad)
Sponsors
Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan (HEC)
COMSATS Headquarter Islamabad
National Testing Service
Norwegian University
II. International Advisory Committee Members
Abdel Malek
B. K. Bala
Saif-ul- Islam
W. Verstraete
Zhaohui Lin
Zheng Ping
Wu Donglei
D. Prinz
Franz Nestmann
P. K. Joshipura
Widodo Brintowiyono
S. Selleri
Hom B. Rijal
Masanori Shukuya
Ahmad J.S. Abu-Safa
M. N. Suratman
Anita B. Ramli
Zakaria B. Man
R. B. Kayastha
G.S. Virk
Algeria
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Belgium
China
China
China
Germany
Germany
India
Indonesia
Italy
Japan
Japan
Jordan
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
Nepal
Sweden
I. Nyborg
P. D. Jenssen
J. Morken
Joseph Foronda
Yahia Alhamed
Joseph Foronda
Jong-In Han
N. Shanmuglingam
A. K. A. El Shobali
B. Mattiasson
J. O. Drangert
Ahmet Uludag
Kemal Gunes
Mary Hancock
Kevin C. Jones
J. Morkwy
John W. Twidell
Mohammad Asif
C. Frear
P. T. Minh Thu
Norway
Norway
Norway
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Philippines
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Sweden
Sweden
Turkey
Turkey
UK
UK
UK
UK
UK
USA
Vietnam
III. National Program Committee
M. Azam Khawaja
Arjumand Zaidi
Saleem Raza Samo
Jehangir K. Sial
M. Farooq
Zahid M Khan
M. Ghaffar Doggar
Shafiqur Rehman
Robina Farooq
Monaliza
Zahoor A Swati
Hafiz Rub Nawaz
Qazi Moinuddin Abro
Ishtiaq A Qazi
Uzaira Rafique
Ehsan Ullah Khan
Syed Tajamal Hussain
Tajamal Hussain
Gul Najam Jami
HEC Islamabad
Ins of Space Tech. Karachi
QUEST, Nawabshah
Uni. of Agr. Faisalabad
B.Z. Uni. Multan
B.Z. Uni. Multan
PCRET, Islamabad
Uni. of Peshawar
CIIT Lahore
QAU, Islamabad
Agri.Uni. Peshawar
PCSIR, LRC, Karachi
MU-ISTD, Sindh
NUST, Islamabad
FHWU, Rawalpindi
IIU, Islamabad
NCP Islamabad
COMSATS Islamabad
UNDP Islamabad
We express our sincere appreciations to authors and co-authors for submitting and/or
presenting their work at ESDev-2015. Lastly we are thankful to Chairman, Higher
Education Commission, Rector, CIIT, Director, CIIT Abbottabad for their whole hearted
support to make this conference a success.
May God Almighty give us the ability and strength to serve the humanity and be kind
to His creation.
Iftikhar A. Raja
PREFACE
In Process
Iftikhar Ahmed Raja
Chairman
ESDev-2015 Conference
COMSATS Institute of Information
Technology, Abbottabad
Pakistan
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
AAP-03
SPATIAL EXTENT ANALYSIS OF FOG AND HAZE COVER OVER
PAKISTAN AND INDIA USING MEDIUM RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA
Badar M Ghauri
Department of RS and GISc, Institute of Space Technology,
Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
b_ghauri@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Northeastern part of Pakistan bordering India is engulfed with thick fog in winters and with haze in fall
months from October to February impacting millions of inhabitants of the region. This paper discusses
the area affected by fog/ haze during months from Oct to February, 2006 to 2010. Daily geo-referenced
subset images of MODIS (Aqua & Terra) covering both Pakistan and India were obtained and processed
through ENVI 4.2 and Arc GIS. The area covered by haze, smog and fog were determined through
classified satellite data. The haze density has been noted to increase during post rice harvesting activity
when burning of agricultural waste takes place in India close to Pakistani border (October-November).
The fog/ haze cover during the study period ranged from 155,000 - 354,500 Km2 in Pakistan and in India
from 333000 Km2 to 846,000 Km2.. The area under haze area in these countries doubled during 20062010. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from MODIS satellites also showed high aerosol load in the eastern
part of the country along the Indian border during winters, from December to February. The AOD values
during December months 2007 &2011 showed a variability of 0.6 to 0.9 at 550 nm with higher AOD in
areas of agricultural waste burning. Air trajectories using NOAA’s HYSPLIT4 were also used to
determine transport of aerosols.The same showed that the aerosol transport was from India to Pakistan in
Dec 2000 and Feb 2010. Highly stable atmosphere during these months resulted in reduced vertical
mixing and hence higher pollutant concentrations. Coal usage in industries in the region could be
contributing towards wide spread haze/ fog.
AAP-04
GREENHOUSE GAS ESTIMATION FROM THE LANDFILL SITES OF
RAWAL TOWN RAWALPINDI, PUNJAB
Bibi Almas and Sofia Khalid
Environmental Sciences Department,
Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
sofiarahim@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Environmental and social problems in developing countries are linked with rapidly increasing quantity of
municipal solid waste (MSW). 80% of the MSW all over the world is managed via land filling. This
study was conducted to estimate methane emissions from the landfills/disposal sites of Rawal Town
based on IPCC Guidelines. Methane has a significant Global Warming Impact and considered as
important GHG. Rawal Town is in the northern urban vicinity of Rawalpindi and is composed of 46
urban union councils. Economic and demographic growth of city, changing lifestyles of people, changing
land use patterns and technological advancements led to increase in quantity and complexity of MSW
generation and management. Recorded 850 to 900 tonns of MSW are being sent for land filing daily. 60
% of the waste was being collected and rest was somehow recycled by informal sector or left unattended. In Rawal Town there were many unmanaged disposal sites as well and open dumping was the
general practice. There was one partially managed landfill at Mousa Losar, Chakbeli that receives solid
waste from Rawalpindi, administered by Rawalpindi Waste Management Company. Methane was
estimated for the year 2015 and backward extrapolated till 2001.Emissions estimation was based on
assumption about the relationship between certain activity and emissions generated (A theoretical
emission estimation model).Results showed significant release of 364 Gg CH 4/Year from the landfills
(including both unmanaged and managed). Out of total emissions 282 Gg CH 4/Year were from Losar
landfill. These end point emissions of methane can be avoided by segregation of biogenic waste from the
point sources and by enchanting composting into practice. Methane recovery from SWDS or landfill was
recorded zero in Rawal Town although there is a great opportunity for energy recovery or for other
purposes like other developed countries.
AAP-05
FLUORIDE CONTAMINATION IN WATER, AIR AND SOIL OF PAKISTAN:
A REVIEW
Anum Aslam and Sofia Khalid
Department of Environmental Sciences
Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
sofiarahim@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Fluoride (F-) is one of the severe contaminants released into the environment by various natural and
anthropogenic sources. This paper reviews the various researches conducted in Pakistan reporting
fluoride contamination in different environmental compartments. The higher temperature accelerates the
weathering process of rocks. In Pakistan, arid climatic conditions are prevalent in those parts of the
country where granite or kaolinite rocks exist. Weathering of these F- containing rocks may be the reason
for the excessive fluoride concentration in the groundwater of these regions. Most of the major and
heavily industrialized cities in the country are polluted with fluoride in water, soil and vegetation. Few
deserts of Pakistan have high F-concentration. Some anthropogenic activities have been reported as the
reason for fluoride contamination in water, soil and vegetation. Different studies also show that the HF
emissions from brick kilns cause significant damage to different crops like mung beans, kidney beans,
mango, apricot and maize etc. In all areas affected by fluoride contamination, dental and skeletal
fluorosis has been observed. In Pakistan, few studies have also been conducted for fluoride removal from
drinking water using adsorption technique. Variety of adsorbents like Modified Immobilized Activated
Alumina (MIAA), Trimetal oxide adsorbent, natural adsorbents and biosorbent (White- rot fungus) has
been successfully applied for fluoride decontamination form drinking water with increased efficiencies
and adsorption capacities.
AAP-06
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT OF FORMALDEHYDE
CONCENTRATION OVER LAHORE AND ISLAMABAD USING GROUNDBASED AND SATELLITE OBSERVATION USING MAX-DOAS
Waqas Ahmed Khan* Dr. Faheem Khokhar* Ifraw Naveed*
*Institute of environmental sciences and engraining (IESE)
National University of Science Environment and Technology (NUST)
waqas_ravian09@live.com
ABSTRACT
Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable, strong-smelling chemical that is used in building materials and
to produce many household products and medical preservatives. Formaldehyde also occurs naturally in
the environment. It is produced in small amounts by most living organisms as part of normal metabolic
processes. Pakistan lacks the monitoring facilities on larger scale to measure the atmospheric gasses on
regular bases. The study presents the result of atmospheric HCHO Vertical column densities (VCDs)
obtained from ground base and satellite observation over Pakistan during the time period of 2014-2015.
Level 2 data product of satellite instruments OMI retrieved by differential optical absorption
spectroscopy (DOAS) technique are used. Spatio-temporal distribution of HCHO column densities over
main cities and region of Pakistan has been discussed. The results show the High HCHO column
densities values then the permissible limit over the main cities of Pakistan particularly the areas with
rapid urbanization and economic growth. The VCDs value over main city of Pakistan is around 1.0×10 16
to 34.01×1016 Molecule’s/cm2. Similarly areas with major industrial activity showed high amount of
HCHO concentrations.
AAP 08
HARVESTS OF THE FUTURE: ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
ELEVATION AND THE NUTRITIONAL SECURITY OF COTTON SEED OIL
(GOSYPIUMHIRSUTUM L)
Fazia Ghaffar*, Ikhtiar Khan**, Abid Mehmood***
*
Department of Food & Nutrition Sciences,
College of Home Economics, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
faziaghaffar@upesh.edu.pk
**
Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Ikhtiark2@yahoo.com
***
Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
dgaraari@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Gossypium Hirsutum L (Upland cotton) is Pakistan’s most important commercial cash crop. Not only is
it a source of one of the most important textile fiber, 53-60% of our domestic edible oil needs are being
met by the oil extracted from the cotton seeds.Carbon dioxide- induced shifts in plant quality is a global
challenge. Enhanced atmospheric CO2 decreases the nutrient content of many plant foods. Cotton
requires appropriate climatic conditions to grow and is the most vulnerable crop to changes in the
climate. This vulnerability of the cotton crop to climate change has made the response studies to elevated
CO2 more important to identify the compositional changes in the oils. Based on the following objectives,
about 16 (8 Bt and 8 non Bt) varieties of Gossypium H. were cultivated under two CO 2 concentrations
i.e. elevated (800 µmol/mol- ) and an ambient (400 µmol/mol-1 ) in closed glass green houses. Upon
harvest, seeds were analyzed for seed index, percent oil, and fatty acids composition by GC MS. Data
revealed a variety of significant changes in the seed index though the percent oil non-significant mean
increase. Fatty acid composition showed non-significant increase in C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:0 and
significant increase C24:0. The C18:2c concentrations increased significantly while C18: 3n6 and
C18:3n3 non-significant though appreciable % change. Percent saturated showed a decreasing trend and
an increasing unsaturated fatty acids under CO2 enrichment which have been due to the significant
increase in C18:2c in this study. Alterations also occurred in 16/18 ratio. The study can be concluded on
the findings that keeping other climatic parameters constant, elevation of CO2 alone results in some
significant changes in the nutrient composition of the cotton seed oil.
ASP-04
BIODEGRADATION OF TOLUENE USING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM
PETROLEUM REFINERY CONTAMINATED SOIL
Mariam Mansoor, Imran Hashmi*
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), SCEE,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
mariam.environmentalist@gmail.com,
hashmi71@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Groundwater contamination with aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene, toluene, ethylebenzene and
xylenes (BTEX) has been increasing thus requiring an urgent need for efficient methodologies that can
minimize or eliminate their harmful effects. Biodegradation process has been regarded as an efficient
technology to treat hydrocarbon contaminated sites by using bacteria as they are capable of degrading
target pollutants. Among all BTEX compounds, toluene is a colorless, flammable liquid that is naturally
present in petroleum crude oil. The aim of present study was to check toluene degrading potential of
indigenous microorganisms isolated from soil contaminated with petroleum refinery wastewater. After
initial screening, five different strains were isolated by enrichment culture technique. The isolated strains
were acclimatized at a certain conc. of toluene and most promising strain was selected for toluene
degradation on the basis of optical density measurement through spectrophotometry analysis.
Identification of potential strain was carried out using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis which
identified strain as Pseudomonas sp SMM1.60mg/L conc. of toluene was degraded in bench scale
bioreactors by pseudomonas sp. and percentage removal of toluene was analyzed through UV-Visible
Spectrophotometer which showed 100% reduction in toluene conc. after 72h .This study may play a
significant role in treatment of water contaminated with toluene and other BTEX compounds as well
because all BTEX compounds share common structure.
ASW-05
RESTAURANT WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT IN
RAWALPINDI
Asma Gul Qazi and Sofia Khalid
Department of Environmental Sciences, FJWU, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
qazi390@hotmail.com, sofiarahim@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Food waste generally produced in Pakistan finds its way to dumping sites or landfills. This food waste
can be used as a resource as it has a potential of being converted to compost. We are not having any up to
date data based on the characteristics and management of food waste produced in restaurants. The current
study was carried out in the restaurants of Rawalpindi city to assess the generation and characteristics of
solid waste produced. Methodology included site visits, characterization of waste, waste amount survey,
waste reuse and recycling practices. Results indicated lots of recycling potential within these restaurants.
Some fast food restaurants were segregating the waste, while in others waste was not being segregated.
About 60% of the waste comprised of leftover food from customers. Paper, Plastic, Glass and others
make up for rest amount. A comparison of local and international fast food chain restaurants indicated a
better waste management in the later. It was recommended that the waste management company in
Rawalpindi should collaborate with these restaurants for effectively managing the waste.
ASW-06
OPTIMIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
PESHAWAR USING MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND GIS
Mansoor A. Khan, Usman Jilani, Irshad Hussain, Ibad Khurram, Safi Ur Rehman *, Huma
Rehman**
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
*
Department of Mining Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
**
National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning,
University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
khazana90@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Environmentally sustainable waste management is a challenging task as it involves multiple and diverse
economic, environmental, technical and regulatory issues. Municipal Solid Waste Management
(MSWM) is more challenging in developing countries like Pakistan due to lack of awareness, technology
and human resources, insufficient funding, inefficient collection and transport mechanism resulting in the
lack of a comprehensive waste management system. This work presents an overview of current MSWM
practices in Peshawar, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and proposes a better and
sustainable integrated solid waste management system with incineration (Waste to Energy) option. The
diverted waste would otherwise generate revenue; minimize land fill requirement and negative impact on
the environment. The proposed optimized solution utilizing scientific techniques (like mathematical
modeling, optimization algorithms and GIS) as decision support tools enhances the technical &
institutional efficiency leading towards a more sustainable waste management system through
incorporating:
• Improved collection mechanisms through optimized transportation / routing and,
• Resource recovery through incineration and selection of most feasible sites for transfer stations,
landfills and incineration plant.
These proposed methods shift the linear waste management system towards a cyclic system and can also
be used as a decision support tool by the WSSP (Water and Sanitation Services Peshawar), agency
responsible for the MSWM in Peshawar.
AWT-02
DEGRADATION AND DETOXIFICATION OF SYNTHETIC DYES BY
CITRUS PEROXIDASE
Haq N. Bhatti* and Shazia Nouren**
*Environmental and Material Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
** Govt. College for Women, Madina Town, Faisalabad, Pakistan
hnbhatti2005@yahoo.com, haq_Nawaz@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Decolorization of dye containing wastewater is an area where innovative treatment technologies have to
be investigated. The focus in recent times has shifted towards enzyme based treatment of colored
wastewater and textile industry effluents. In this regard, the peroxidase is considered important, as it
participates in the degradation of a broad range of substrates even at very low concentration. Peroxidase
isolated from peels of lemon (Citrus limon) was utilized for enzymatic characterization and
decolorization purposes. In characterization experiments, the partially purified CLP displayed maximum
activity at pH 6.0 and temperature of 55 and 45 °C, respectively. For CLP the values of Km and Vmax for
guaiacol oxidation were recorded to be 2.70 mM and 2222 µmol/mL/min respectively. After
characterization, partially purified CLP was utilized for degradation of synthetic dyes. The screening of
Brilliant yellow and Crystal violet were done using CLP. Tthe optimization and interactive effect of
these parameters were determined by RSM. The maximum decolorization (85.41 %) of 18.75 mg/L of
dye was achieved at 24 U/mL of enzyme dose, 0.25 mM of H2O2 and 0.025 mM of syringaldehyde
concentration. The pH, temperature and time for maximum decolorization were recorded to be 5, 50 °C
and 10 min, respectively. The results indicated that CLP could be used for decolorization/detoxification
of synthetic dyes.
AWT-04
BIOLEACHING OF METALS FROM LOW GRADE ORES
Sadia Ilyas*, Jae-chun Lee**, Haq Nawaz Bhatti*, Jeaong soo Sohn** and Ayesha Riaz*
*Environmental and Material Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
**Mineral resource research division,
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral resources (KIGAM),
Daejeon, Republic of Korea
sadiailyas1@yahoo.com, sadia.ilyas@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Present study investigates the bioleaching feasibility of metals from low grade complex sulfide ore.
Experiments were conducted with adapted consortium of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans and
Thermoplasm acidophilum in batch bioreactors (2.0 L), small columns (12 kg ore load, 5% Sº sludge)
and large columns (80 kg ore load, 12% Sº sludge). Approximately 83% Ni, 88% Cu, 55 % Fe and 83 %
Zn were leached out in bioreactor in batch mode while 93% Ni, 89% Zn, 81% Cu and 65% Fe were
leached out in column reactors. Bioleaching efficiency of metals improved by acid pre-leaching,
adaptation of microbial consortium on the ore and periodic bleeding of effluents.
AWT-09
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ARSENIC USING
BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF EUGLENA GRACILIS AS ENDPOINTS
1
Sidra Tahira, 1Samrana Zahir, 2MK Daud, 1Waheed Murad, 2Noor Muhammad, 1Azizullah
Azizullah
1
Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
2
Department of Biotechnology and GE, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
azizswabi@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous element and a serious environmental pollutant of water. In drinking water,
As causes severe health problems even if it is present in very low concentration. As may also cause
serious ecotoxicological effects by impairing different metabolic activities in aquatic organisms. Euglena
gracilis is a unicellular freshwater flagellate and is considered very sensitive to environmental pollutants.
However, no systematic study has ever been conducted on the toxicity of As toEuglena gracilis.
Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of As on the biochemical parameters of
Euglena gracilis. The culture of Euglena gracilis were grown at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5
and 10mg/L) of As and the effect on various biochemical characteristics was assessed after seven days of
growth. A significant inhibitory effects on photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total
carotenoid) and total soluble sugar was observed, but an increase in total protein contents was shown.
The obtained results for ROS species (H2O2, MDA) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT and POD)indicate
that As induced toxicity in Euglena gracilis might be due to oxidative stress.It can be concluded from
present investigation that the presence of As in water can be a threat to aquatic producers like algae
AWT-11
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PHYTOREMEDIATION PLANT
INSTALLED AT NUST
Maham Ayesha, Abeerha shahid, Owais mohidin and Imran Hashmi*
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE)
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE)
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)
Sector H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
imranhashmi@iese.nust.edu.pk; hashmi71@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Discharge of untreated wastewater is responsible for water quality deterioration. It is essential to treat
wastewater in order to curtail the environmental risks. Phytoremediation has been recently emerged as
competent technology for wastewater treatment because of its low cost, ease operation, maintenance and
generally good performance. Given the practical application and simplicity of the technology,
phytoremediation of wastewater is highly applicable based on the competency of plants to reduce
hazardous impacts. This study evaluated the performance efficiency of a constructed wetland sited at
National University of science and technology (NUST), Islamabad. Data collected was for duration of
three moths from September 2014 to November 2014. Selected hydrophytes for wastewater treatment
were fairly efficient in scavenging Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Phosphates (TP), Dissolved
Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), PH, Electrical Conductivity
(EC), Temperature and Fecal and Total coliforms. Results should potential of aquatic macrophytes for
wastewater treatment. This study is expected to add more understanding for phytoremediation in
engineered wetland systems, and establish an effective framework for future applications.
AWT-15
WORKING EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY IN
HAYATABAD INDUSTRIAL ESTATES, PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Saeed Rehman1, Mohammad Nafees2 and Muhammad Adnan3
1
Department of Environmental Sciences,
Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
2,3
Department of Environmental Sciences,
University of Peshawar, Pakistan
SaeedRehman@ciit.net.pk, Nafees36@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The analysis and treatment of industrial wastewater is integral part of water recycling and reusing. The
study shows an assessment of treatment facility of Hayatabad Industrial Estate, Peshawar, Pakistan. The
facility is established on the main drain of the industrial estate to overcome the organic and inorganic
load generated. The wastewater samples were collected from inlet and outlet of the facility from June
2012 to November 2012. The study showed that competency of the facility is extremely poor with
respect to reduction in biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total
suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS). The elimination efficiency of TDS, TSS, BOD,
COD, was 0.12%, 0.34%, 1.69%, and 0.44% respectively. The efficiency was in order of
BOD>COD>TSS>TDS. The results of the study showed that the wastewater is polluted with solids and
organic matter and the facility has least control on pollution reduction. The values were compared with
NEQs, which concluded that the treatment facility is unable to reduce contaminant load. However,
different modifications of advanced treatment could be proposed, which can improve its efficiency, and
minimize the pollution load.
AWT-21
POTENTIAL OF INDIRECT DETERMINATION OF ANIONS IN POLLUTED
WATER SAMPLES USING FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
1
Asmaa Bibi, 2Fozia Batool, 2Abida Malik 2Sobia Noureen 2Tasleem Akhtar 3Muhammad
Mustaqeem
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
1
Govt. Degree College Bhalwal, Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Bhakar Campus, Bhakar, Pakistan
asmaayyjazz111@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In this work an attempt is made to check the concentration of inorganic anions in water by indirect
determination using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Anions were made to react with some
metal cations solution in excess, with which they form precipitates. These precipitates are filtered and
filtrate was run on FAAS for determination of excess of metals which remain unreacted in filtrate. From
amount of these unreacted metals we can determined amount of metal used to react with anion. This
amount which is used to react with anions is directly related with concentration of anions in water. So by
determining amount of metal in filtrate using FAAS we can indirectly determine amount of anions in
water. This method was applied on Tube well water, Canal water and Tap water also.
AWT-25
STUDIES ON PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEAE) HUSK FOR REMOVAL OF
BROMOPHENOL BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION EMPLOYING
UV/VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Taslim Akhtar*, Fozia Batool, Shahid Iqbal, Ilyas Tariq
Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
bintezainab3@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In current study we have endeavored to remove Bromophenol Blue from aqueous media by employing
fruit shell sorbent Arachis hypogeae husk using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. Effects of various
physiochemical parameters such as pH, concentration of sorbate, sorbent dose and contact time were
premeditated. The influence of chemical (nitric acid, distilled water and EDTA) and thermal treatment of
Arachis hypogeae husk were also monitored. pH was assorted from 1-10 whilst amount of sorbent varied
from 1-6 g. Contact time was diverse from 0-17940 minutes and temperature was speckled from 100-800
°C. Percentage sorption on Arachis hypogeae husk was anticipated. Estimation of lipid, protein and
metals in Arachis hypogeae husk was conducted. Sorption potential of chemically treated Arachis
hypogeae husk for removal of Bromophenol Blue from aqueous media was found to be best. Sorption
was found 99.00 % at pH 5 having 4 g sorbent with contact time 300 minutes at 50 rpm at room
temperature. The consequences indicated that Arachis hypogeae husk is a potentially cost effective and
gorgeous candidate for removing dyes from wastewater.
AWT-27
USE OF COTTON STICKS AGRI-WASTE AS TRICKLING FILTER BIOFILM
SUPPORT MEDIUM FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Mian M. Ahson Aslam*, Zahid Mahmood-Khan, Imran Ali, Hafiz Umar Farid, Muhammad
Arsalan, Maqbool Ahmad
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology,
BZU Multan, Pakistan
*ahson17@gmail.com, zahidmk@bzu.edu.pk, engrimran56@gmail.com,
engrarsalanchaudhary@yahoo.com, farid_vjr@yahoo.com, engr.maqboolahmad@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Wastewater disposal into natural receiving streams without proper treatment is causing unfavourable
conditions for human and aquatic life in Pakistan. Only about 6% of the generated wastewaters receive
some level of treatment before disposal into our receiving environment. So, there is a dire need to
develop relatively cost effective, environmental friendly and reliable wastewater treatment systems using
indigenous materials if possible. Therefore, a relatively low cost and operationally effective trickling
filter (TF) wastewater treatment system was developed using farm waste cotton sticks as biofilm support
media. The developed TF system was tested at four different flow rates 1.7, 2.6, 3.8 and 4.6m3/hr. The
performance evaluation of the system in this study indicated 75, 72, 70 and 71% removal of BOD
(biological oxygen demand) and 80, 75, 73 and 70% removal of COD (Chemical oxygen demand)
respectively at each of the four flow rates tested. About 47.45±5.30 % of TSS (total suspended solids)
and 27.24±4.30% of TDS (total dissolved solids) removal was also observed in about 15 minutes of
residence time. Four to five months trouble free operation of the developed TF system indicated systems`
robustness and reliability. The TF system can be used for reducing contaminant strengths and assist in
achieving the goals of safe disposal and reuse of our wastewaters in agriculture. Cotton sticks appeared
to be a degradation resistant alternate TF material with high specific surface area and sufficient void ratio
(required for maintaining healthy aerobic environment) ensuring longer media life for sustained
operation of the system. Such simple treatment systems can be easily used by small farming communities
in Pakistan.
AWT-28
MAIZE COB TRICKLING FILTER (MCTF) WATEWATER TREATMENT
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE VARIATION-II
Muhammad Arsalan*, Zahid Mahmood Khan, Imran Ali, Hafiz Umar Farid, Mian M.
AhsonAslam, Maqbool Ahmad
Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology (FAST),
BZU Multan Pakistan
*engrarsalanchaudhary@yahoo.com, zahidmk@bzu.edu.pk, engrimran56@gmail.com,
farid_vjr@yahoo.com, ahson17@gmail.com, engr.maqboolahmad@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The need of wastewater (WW) treatment is increasing in Pakistan because of increasing generation and
disposal of untreated WW that subsequently increase the potential impacts on the health of community
and environment. Thus, alternate treatment methods and technologies, using indigenous materials, are
required for limiting the costs of design, installation and operation of WW treatment systems in the
country. Such a WW treatment system was previously developed at the Department of Agricultural
Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. The developed Trickling Filter treatment system
used indigenous agri-waste material as TF media and was named Maize Cobs Trickling Filter (MCTF).
The present study continued to evaluate the performance variation of the MCTF after re-filling the
system with new maize-cob TF support media. The MCTF system was operated at hydraulic loadings
relating to field flow rates varying from 50 to 132m3/day. The achieved BOD (biological oxygen
demand) removal was 74-84% and COD (chemical oxygen demand) 72-83%. The observed solids
removal included 50 ± 4% TSS (total suspended solids), 37 ±5% TDS (total dissolved solids) and 49 ±
4% turbidity. The MCTF proved to be a promising and innovative wastewater treatment technology that
is adoptable for relatively safe disposal and reuse of treated wastewater at the farm level in a country
facing constraints like Pakistan.
AWT-29
Use of Agricultural Waste-Gardenia Jasminoides Leaves for Removing Textile
Dye-Amaranth from water in Cost Effective Manner
Rabia Rehman and Farah Kanwal*
Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
farahkchem@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Agricultural solid waste namely Gardenia jasminoides plant leaves was used for removing an anionic
textile dye namely Amaranth from synthetic waste-water. In order to enhance adsorption capacity of
Gardenia jasminoides leaves, it was treated with acid and base separately and comparative adsorption
studies were carried out for determining effectiveness of chemical modification in terms of sorption
capacity on batch scale. Chemisorption occurred during removal of dye by adsorption as indicated by
Langmuir model applicability and maximum sorption capacities were 5.24 mg/g, which is increased after
acid treatment to 24.45 mg/g and decreased by base treatment to 3.14 mg/g. Results showed that acid
modification of Gardenia jasminoides leaves is more appropriate for adsorptive removal of Amaranth
dye in cost effective manner.
AWT-30
KINETIC AND EQUILIBRIUM MODELING FOR BIOSORPTION OF LEAD
(II) BY CHEMICALLY MODIFIED COTTON LEAVES BIOMASS
Muhammad Riaz1*, Raziya Nadeem2, Rabia Riaz1, A. R.A. Alias1, Mehar-Un-Nisa1
Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Women Campus Faisalabad, Pakistan
1
2
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
riaz_453@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Biosorption Pb(II) on chemically pretreated G. hirsutum (cotton) leaves waste biomass was investigated
in the present study. The Pb (II) sorption was found dependent on solution pH, initial Pb (II)
concentration, temperature and contact time. The chemical pretreatment of biomass resulted in
significant enhancement and reduction in sorption capacity depending on the nature of pretreatment.
Results revealed that chemical modifications of G. hirsutum (cotton) leaves waste biomass with alkali,
inorganic salts, organic salts and organic solvents enhanced the adsorption capacity, while acidic
pretreatments caused reduction in adsorption capacity. The sorption data was fitted well to Langmuir
isotherm and kinetic data to pseudo second order model, due to higher value of correlation coefficient
(R2). The effect of contact time showed that sorption of Pb (II) occurred rapidly within first 30 minutes
followed by slow adsorption till equilibrium. Present research work illustrated an effective and
economical biosorbent for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
AWT-31
LOW-COST PRE-TREATMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER
A. Abu-Safa, S. Abu-Salah, M. Mosa, and S. Gharaibeh
ABSTRACT
Pharmaceutical industries and effluents of sewage treatment plants are the main sources of residual
pharmaceuticals in water resources. These emergent pollutants may adversely impact the biophysical
environment. Pharmaceutical industries often generate wastewater that changes in characteristics and
quantity depending on the used manufacturing processes.Carbamazepine (CBZ),{5Hdibenzo[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide, (C15H12N2O)}, is a significant non-biodegradable pharmaceutical
contaminant in the Jordanian pharmaceutical wastewater, which is not removed by the activated sludge
processes in treatment plants. Activated carbon may potentially remove that pollutant from effluents, but
the high cost involved suggests that more attention should be given to the potential use of low-cost
materials in order to reduce cost and environmental contamination. Powders of Jordanian non-metallic
raw materials namely, Azraq Bentonite (AB), Kaolinite (K), and Zeolite (Zeo) were activated (acid and
thermal treatment) and evaluated by removing CBZ.The results of batch and
columntechniquesexperiments showed around 46% and 67% removal of CBZ respectively.
GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND ALTERNATE ENERGY
BAE-02
Assessment of Run-of-River Hydropower Potential of Kunhar River using
Geospatial Techniques
Majid Khan and Arjumand Z. Zaidi
Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-information Science
Institute of Space Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
mk_swati@yahoo.com, arjumand.zaidi@ist.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Energy crisis has emerged as a serious issue all over the world in recent years. Pakistan is facing a
similar crisis that has resulted in frequent power failures and load shedding throughout the country for
past several years. The utilization of renewable energy resources may help reducing fossil fuel
dependency of the country for power generation. There are various renewable energy options for
Pakistan including solar, wind and hydropower. The objective of this study is to develop an approach
that can be used to assess the run-of-river hydropower potential of Kunhar River using geospatial data
and techniques. Kunhar River is a tributary of Jhelum River located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
province of Pakistan. Satellite data used in this study include ASTER Digital Elevation Model (DEM).
Flow data are acquired from regional hydrologic gauges. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical
Information Systems (GIS) tools are used for processing the satellite images, delineation of watershed
and stream network, and identification of potential sites for hydropower projects. This study will aid
decision-makers in the energy sector to optimize the available resources in selecting the suitable sites for
small hydropower plants with high power potential. The proposed approach can further be utilized to
assess an overall hydropower potential of the country.
BAE-03
DYnamic Wind flow modelling – a step towards green energy in pakistan
Tanvir Ahmad1, Nasir Ahmad2 and Yaseen Ahmad3
Department of Computer Systems Engineering (DCSE),
University of Engineering & Technology (UET) Peshawar, Pakistan
tanvir.ahmad@yahoo.com1, n.ahmad@nwfpuet.edu.pk2, engr.yaseen84@yahoo.com3
ABSTRACT
Pakistan is currently facing a huge energy crisis. At the same time, the use of conventional energy
sources has increased the pollution level in many cities. Wind energy can play an important role in
diminishing the energy crisis and reducing pollution levels. In this regard, this research work is aimed at
discussing the potential of wind energy in Pakistan and how to assess the feasibility of different sites for
wind energy systems. First potential of wind energy systems in Pakistan is presented. Then an analytical
wind flow model is presented which can be used for initial feasibility studies of potential wind farm sites.
The Jensen model is modified using an analytical turbulence model for getting accurate results. The
modified wind flow model is simulated with an artificial wind farm array. Results are benchmarked
against WindPro software. In most of the cases, the modified model produced almost the same results as
WindPro.
BGT-02
SYNTHESIS OF SURFACE ENGINEERED MAGNETIC NANO-PARTICLES
AND ITS APPLICATION FOR REMOVAL OF CU (II) FROM AQUEOUS
SOLUTION
*Raziya Nadeem, Nabia Fatima, Saba Jamil, Hazafa Zafar, Madiha Rafiq and 1Tahira Iqbal
Department of Chemistry,University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
raziyaanalyst@yahoo.com, nabihafatima92@yahoo.com, hazafachemist@yahoo.com,
madiharafiq600@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
In modern decades, a range of environmental challenges have been alleviated as a result of increase in
nanotechnology as well as nanomaterials progress. Nanoparticles are sucessfully used in environmental
applications and have absolutely shown guaranteeing efficiency in throughout pollutant removal or
perhaps toxicity minimization. In this particular review, poly glutamic acid covered Fe3O4 magnetic
nanoparticles have been efficiently synthesised using the co-precipitation method. Fe3O4 MNPs have
been prepared in addition for comparison. For removal of Cu (II) from water, the effectiveness of these
modified nanoparticles has been investigated as a function of contact time, pH and initial metal
concentration, resulted that adsorption capacity is greatly assosiated of pH which occurs either by
electrostatic interaction and/or making chelate complexes. Equillibrium facts disclosed the increasing
outcomes as growing metal concentration and the sorption facts seemed to be effectively spelled out by
Freundlich isotherm model for Cu(II) at optimum pH values of 5. The adsorption procedure, which
approaches equilibrium in 30 minutes and with large correlation value (R 2= 0.999) fits a pseudo secondorder model. Moreover, these kinds of nanoadsorbents can be utilized as highly competent separable
materials for exclusion of poisonous metal ions.
BGT-09
SUSTAINABLE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATIONS FOR
COMSATS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ISLAMABAD
CAMPUS
Adnan Amin and Iftikhar A Raja*
Department of Architecture,
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamaabad
*Department of Environmental Sciences
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
architectadnan@hotmail.com, iaraja@ciit.net.pk
ABSTRACT
Application of renewable energy generation initiatives is energy-efficient and sustainable. These
initiatives and solutions are helpful to generate additional energy at the master plan level. The scope
of research encompasses the COMSATS campus in Islamabad. In depth study and research is done to
highlight the significance of application of green design solutions. The project focuses on different
modes of renewable energy sources availability for generation and energy conservation by applying
appropriate green and sustainable techniques. At the same time suggestions have been made to
generate additional energy through renewable sources and by application of latest technology.
BGT-11
STUDY OF NANO-STRUCTURED HYDROPHOBIC SILICA MEMBRANE
FOR SEPARATION OF H2/CO2 MIXTURE
Sajid H. Shah, Yoshimitsu Uemura*, Suzana Yusup*, Katsuki Kusakabe**
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,
University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad, Pakistan
* Centre of Biofuel and Biochemical Research / Bio-hydrogen Research,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
** Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, Japan
sajidutp@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
We report the properties of an organically linked hydrophobic silica membrane. The membrane was
prepared by sol-gel technique on a porous α–Al2O3 tubular support with zirconia as an intermediate
layer. Bistriethoxysilylethane (BTESE) derived sol was modified by adding phenyltriethoxysilylethane
(PhTES) as an organic template. Contact angle with water droplet increased from 37o for pure to 111.5o
for modified membrane. Intensity of adsorbed water decreased significantly due to the incorporation of
phenyl groups in silica matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis together with contact angle measurement and
FT–IR showed that hydrophobicity properties were improved by increasing the contents of PhTES.
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING, MANAGEMENT AND
POLICIES
CEP-01
ASSESSMENT OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH UTILIZATION FOR NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENT
Jagul Huma Lashari, Arabella Bhutto*, Roshan S. Shah Rashdi, Qazi M. Moinuddin Abro
Mehran University Institute of Science,
Technology & Development, Jamshoro, Pakistan
huma.lashari@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Last few years has shown increased interest of researchers in knowledge and technology transfer.
However facts show poor utilization of research into practice. This article focuses on assessment of
academic research produced by highly qualified academicians working in universities in Sindh offering
degrees in field of Environmental Sciences and Environmental Engineering. The article presents a
methodology for assessment of academic research utilization for national development based on various
criteria including purpose of research, funding bodies of research, relevancy of research with
environmental issues, development mode of research, end users of research, mediator source for research
utilization and intellectual property rights for research. This research is based on analysis of semistructured interviews by using case study approach. Findings show that researchers have produced and
published papers at larger number but very few of academic research have been utilized for national
development. Academic research has been utilized by different national & international organizations
(EPA, IUCN, WWF, SIDA, KDA). The research is utilized in the form of PhD thesis reports and other
project reports funded by HEC, Universities and other national and international organizations. The
outcomes of research utilization are either in form of new developed processes, services or policy
guidelines under protection of copyrights. The findings also revealed co-operation of academicians with
other stakeholders. However, none of the research has been utilized in the development of new Product
or new technology under protection of industrial designs or patents.
CEP-02
ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION: THE ROLE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL TRIBUNAL IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Shazia Pervaiz, Tahira Aziz Mughal* and Azhar Hameed*
Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore*Computer Science Department, Government Shalimar College for Boys, Baghbanpura Lahoreshaziapervaiz@gmail.com, drtahiramughal@gmail.com, prof.azharhameed@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Economic pressures, rapid development, unplanned human activities, urbanization and expansion of
unplanned industries are the major reasons to degrade and pollute the environment rapidly. After 18 th
Constitutional Amendment environmental protection has become a Provincial subject. Consequently
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 was amended in 2012 in the light of the 18 th
amendment and its nomenclature has been changed and is now called the Punjab Environmental
Protection Act (PEPA). The environment related laws are also being enforced through the Environmental
Tribunal under Section 20 of the Act. The rationale of the article is to identify, evaluate and articulate the
current practices and trends of the Punjab Environmental Tribunal towards enforcement of environmental
laws and to stop illegal activities throughout the province. Environmental protection is a significant step
towards sustainable development and helpful to maintain balance between development and the
environment. This study is based on literature review, Environmental Tribunal Rules, 2012 and the
secondary data of filed, decided cases and the landmark judgments of Environmental Tribunal, Punjab.
For the analysis data linear correlation model is used. The findings of study show that Environmental
Tribunal, Punjab decided maximum cases in 2013 and provided guidelines for various industries to
control and mitigate environmental pollution. The results of study also show the sharp decline in
progress of Environmental Tribunal in 2014 due to its non-operational status.
CEM-02
HISTOMORPHIC FOLIAR ADATATIONS OF GRASSES IN CHOLISTAN
DESERT-PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Khawaja Asad Abbas1, 3, Khizar Hayat Bhatti2*, Sadaf Zahra3 and Amin Shah4
1
Deaprtment of Botany, Sadiq Egerton College, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, Institute of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat50700, Pakistan
3
Department of Life Sciences, Islamia University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
4
Dpartment of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
khizar.hayat@uog.edu.pk
2*
ABSTRACT
Leaf epidermis is very important taxonomic character of grasses family Poaceae. The currents study was
carried out to tag six grass species of Aeluropus lagopoides Linn. Cenchrus ciliaris Linn. Ochthochloa
compressa, Cenchrus setigerus Vahl, Cymbopogon jawarancusa (Jones) Schult. and Lasiurus scindicus
Henr. in the drought hit areas of Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. All the grasses were collected from various
locations/habitats of Cholistan. Both abaxial and adaxial epidermal surfaces were examined for each
representative species to determine the patterns of variation in epidermal characteristics for species
identification, classification, and exploring taxonomic relationship among the species. The parameters of
study were the frequency, shape, and distribution of silica bodies, short cells, and prickles including long
cells morphology. Data regarding abaxial and adaxial epidermis examination revealed the differences in
anatomical features among the selected under prevailing drought stress. Generally, isodiametric small
cells with undulate/sinuous anticlinal walls, silica bodies of variable shape viz., round, elliptical and/or
elongated. However, stomata were commonly found around intercostals with dome-shaped subsidiary
cells being in the plants. Nonetheless, elongated cells in all the species studied were found with
undulated and thickened anticlinal walls. While, periclinal walls were relatively flat with variable
morphology and distribution and frequency of silica bodies were uneven. Based on data, it may be
concluded that length and width of silica bodies, prickle hairs, small and large cells, width of costal and
intercostals zone, number of the zones and stomata size, number and types are very important diagnostic
anatomical features of grasses’ study under drought conditions.
AGRICULTURE SYSTEM: FOOD SECURITY AND
ENVIRONMENT
DAE-01
PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENS A THREAT FOR ENVIRONMENT AND ITS
CONTROL THROUGH FUNGICIDES
Sundus Akhtar.* and Muhammad Jarrar Ahmed**
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
drsundusiags@gmail.com*, gsaepak@gmail.com**
ABSTRACT
Soil borne fungi can reduce the yield and quality in vegetable crops. In the present study the diseased
samples of tomato plant i.e., root, shoot and soil were collected from the field near Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore. Different fungi like Penicillium spp., Mucor,
Alternaria alternata, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from the root,
shoot and soil sample. The isolated fungi was further control by applying copper oxychloride at different
level i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. The results revealed that Fusarium oxysporum was acting as
pathogenic fungi in the field and causing wilt symptoms in plants. While, the higher doses of copper
oxychloride showed significant reduction in each fungal growth. Further studies are required to check the
impact of copper oxychloride on the growth of tomato plant.
DAE-02
RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION FOR WHEAT PLANT
AND ITS MITIGATION THROUGH BIO-CONTROL
Muhammad Jarrar* Ahmed and Sundus Akhtar**
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
gsaepak@gmail.com, drsundusiags@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Heavy metals known to be accumulated in plants adversely affect human health. The present study aims
to control the heavy metal pollution in soil and to enhance the plant growth by compost and Trichoderma
harzianum. Sehar variety of wheat was selected for this study. Experiment was organized in completely
randomized design in different sets i.e., 1st set received only inoculum of T. harzianum (TH), 2nd set of
treatment received 10 ppm of Mg and Zn alone, 3 rd set received Zn/Mg + compost + TH and 4 th set was
incurred by C + TH. While control treatment contained compost only. The experiment was conducted in
growth room at 25°C with 16h photoperiod. Results revealed that metal alone (Mg and Zn) showed the
drastic effect on plant growth. Both the metals significantly inhibit the growth of wheat plant. While, the
polygonal interaction of compost-metal-fungi-plant showed significant increase in plant shoot, root
length and biomass as compared to other treatments. The growth trend was found as: Compost + Zn/ Mg
+ TH > Compost + TH > Compost + Zn + Mg > Compost + Zn/ Mg. The result revealed that both the
bio-control (Compost and TH) could be used to control the heavy metal pollution in soil.
DAE-06
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE DURING GRAIN FILLING ON RUMEN
STARCH DEGRADATION OF MAIZE KERNELS DIFFERING IN AMYLOSE
AND AMYLOPECTIN CONTENT AT TWO MATURITY STAGES
a
M. Alia, b,c, Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeedc, J.W. Coneb, W.H. Hendriksb, P.C. Struika
Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430,
6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
b
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700
AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
c
COMSATS Institute of Information technology, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan
rashadagri@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Starch is the major component of maize kernels, contributing significantly to the feeding value of forage maize
when fed to ruminants. The effects of genotype, climatic conditions and maturity stage on starch content in the
kernels and on in vitro starch degradability in rumen fluid were investigated. Kernels of two maize genotypes,
differing in amylose and amylopectin contents grown under three contrasting day/night temperature regimes
during grain filling and harvested at different maturity stages from two greenhouse experiments were
investigated. Starch content was measured using an enzymatic method and the gas production technique was
used to assess starch degradation in rumen fluid of dairy cows. The extent of starch degradation at different
incubation times (6, 12 and 20 h) was calculated from measured gas production data (6, 12 and 20 h,
respectively) and a published equation. Gas production (ml gas/g organic matter) showed a positive linear
relationship with starch content in the kernels up to a certain level of starch accumulation. At each maturity
stage, whole kernel and starch degradation in rumen fluid depended on the genotype (P<0.0001), growing
conditions (P<0.0001), and starch content (P<0.0001) and starch amount (P<0.0001) in the kernels. While
starch content increased with advancing maturity, starch degradation similarly increased up to a certain level
of starch content. In vitro starch degradation of the maize kernels in rumen fluid was affected by the starch
composition, e.g. amylose and amylopectin content. Starch degradation was inversely related to the amylose
content. Higher starch degradation was observed in the waxy (Amylopectin with no amylose). The highest
starch degradation was observed when plants were grown at intermediate temperatures in both experiments.
The difference in starch degradability of each genotype at the same accumulated thermal time, i.e. maturity
stage, was due to differences in grain filling rate, caused by the different temperature regimes. This effect of
genotype and climatic conditions was consistent for all incubation times (P<0.0001). Rumen in vitro starch
degradation is significantly influenced by genotypic, differences in starch content of the maize kernels and
their growing conditions.
DAE-10
CORRELATING PLANTS IMPORTANCE VALUES WITH ITS USE VALUE
TO ASSESS SUSTAINABLE USE OF THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS’
VEGETATION; A METHOD DEVELOPMENT
Shujaul M Khan1,2,*, Habib Ahmad3, Sue Page4, Inayat Ur Rahman1 & Shamyla Nawazish5, David
Harper 6
1
Department of Botany Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
2, *
Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Genetics Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
4
Department of Geography University of Leicester, UK
5
Department of Environmental Sciences,
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan
6
Department of Biology University of Leicester, UK
shuja60@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The Western Himalayas support high biodiversity and are home to pastoralists, who employ traditional
ecological knowledge to utilise a range of plant resources. They derive essential goods from nature, yet
linkages between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being are poorly understood. The
Naran Valley occupies a distinctive geographical and geological setting on the edge of the Western
Himalaya near the Hindu Kush and Karakorum ranges. There have been no previous botanical or
environmental studies in this region. This study was undertaken to quantify the vegetation ecosystem
services and the anthropogenic pressures on them. Phytosociological attributes of species like density,
cover and frequency were measured alongside environmental variables. Abundance in terms of
Importance Values (IV) from field data were calculated for total of 198 species from 68 families at 144
stations along 24 transects across an elevation range of 2450-4400 m. Questionnaires data collected
through social surveys provided information on indigenous knowledge of local plant resources. Use
Values (UV) for all species were calculated and the IV and UV data were brought together in their
analyses to understand vegetation ecosystem service values. Integration of data sets gave residual and
predicted values of use and revealed that 93 species (50.8% of the total species) had residual values
greater than the standard deviation, signifying they are overused by the inhabitants in the project area.
Most of these species were highly faithful to specific habitats with a continuous population decrease
according to trend mentioned by indigenous people. The results contribute to an enhanced understanding
of (i) plant diversity management in the Western Himalaya, (ii) anthropogenic influences on plant
resources; (iii) local and regional plant conservation priorities.
DAE-11
GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LEAF RUST ON WHEAT CROP IN JHELUM
DISTRICT
Maria Neelam, Shazia Iftikhar and Sheikh Saeed Ahmad*
Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University
The Mall, Rawalpindi
*drsaeed@fjwu.edu.pk, marianeelam35@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to assess the past and present damaging effects of leaf rust disease on wheat
crop through Geographic information system tools. Wheat is the main cereal crop that is grown in
Jhelum district on both irrigated and non-irrigated lands. This study focused on Jhelum district
comparing the disease incidence data of leaf rust for last six years (2010-2015). Variation in Climatic
Data including Temperature, precipitation and humidity were analyzed for past six years because these
variations are responsible for development of leaf rust disease in selected regions. Standard deviational
ellipses showed the extent of variation of disease exhibiting the directional trend for past six years. The
results demonstrated in the form of graphs showed shift of diseases from one region to another
depending on the climatic variation. In contrast to previous year, Leaf rust is more prevalent in Jhelum
district. This study provided the information about spread and shift of leaf rust in Jhelum district through
broad spectrum of geospatial analysis that result in real time visualization and predictive analysis. Leaf
Rust is becoming more prevalent so the wheat varieties resistant against leaf rust needs to be cultivated.
Fungicides are also need to be used against development of rust that will ultimately lead to high yield of
wheat crop.
DAE-15
Assessment of Endosulfan Residues in Cotton Growing Area of Vehari, Pakistan
A. Ahmad*, M. Shahid*, H. Zaffar**, T. Naqvi**, A. Pervez**, M. Bilal**, M.S. Akhtar***, S.
Khalid*, G. Abbas*, W. Nasim*
* Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari,
Pakistan
** Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,
Abbottabad, Pakistan
*** University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub Campus Burewala, Pakistan
ashfaq6999@yahoo.com, muhammadshahid@ciitvehari.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Environmental contamination by endosulfan is a worldwide serious dilemma, which causes a serious
threat to both ecosystem and human health. However, endosulfan persistence in soil varies with soil
properties. Therefore, this field study was performed at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Vehari to determine residues of endosulfan in Vehari soil in relation with soil physico-chemical
properties. Soil samples were taken from nine sites of three tehsils of Vehari district (Vehari, Mailsi and
Burewala). Soil samples were collected at three depths: 0–15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm. Soils were
analyzed for organic matter following Walkly-Black procedures. Gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry was used to analyze the concentration of alpha (α) and beta (β) endosulfan in soil. Results
showed that all the soils were low in organic matter (average 0.60%; range 0.32%-0.94%). Soil
concentrations of α- and β-endosulfan range 0-42 μg/mL and 0-43.9 μg/mL respectively. Two endosulfan
isomers exhibited variable residual levels at different depths in different soils. Alpha endosulfan was
more concentrated at upper soil layer (13.2 μg/mL in 0–15 cm), whereas β-endosulfan at greater soil
depth (13.1 μg/mL in 15-30 cm). Based on the results, it is proposed that the extensive use of pesticides
has resulted in significant pesticide residual pollution in top 0-30 cm soil of cotton growing fields of
Vehari region, which could severely deteriorate soil ecosystem and human health.
DAE-16
SPATIAL ESTIMATION OF SOIL-HERBACEOUS FLORA RELATIONSHIP
ALONG THE ROADSIDES OF WAHCANTT USING ORDINATION
TECHNIQUES
Hafsa Bashir, Summra Erum, Shiekh Saeed Ahmad*, Asma Jabeen
Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
drsaeed@fjwu.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Roadside vegetation of WahCantt was studied to determine the relationship of herbaceous flora with the
soil parameters. Floral data was collected using Braun Blanquet approach which identified 18 species of
36 families with Cynodon dactylon as the most dominant species.Canonical Correspondence Analysis
(CCA) was employed for finding the correlation of selected environmental variables (Zn 2+, Cu2+, Fe2+,
Mn2+, O.M, EC, pH) with species distribution/richness. The dominant species of Cynodon dactylon was
found to be only affected by EC .Van Dobben Circles were applied to identify theresponse of floristic
species against selected environmental variable and Partial ordination for variation portioning of species
against every environmental factor. CCA had highlighted Zn2+ as the most influencing factor over the
species distribution while Mn and O.M had no impact over species richness. Van Dobben Circle of Fe2+
was found to be positively affecting the abundant species of Cynodon dactylon whereas no species had
recorded its response against Mn and O.M. Cynodon dactylon was emerged to be least emerged species
in bivariate scatter plots of partial ordination. The study highlighted the effect of selected soil parameters
over herbaceous flora which would be helpful in determining limiting constraint in species distribution.
DAE-17
PHYTOXICITY EVALUATION OF ATRAZINE TO HOST CROPS USING
THE MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF ZEA MAYS AS END POINTS
1
Shagufta BiBi, 1*AzizullahAzizullah, 1Robeena Akhtar, 1Waheed Murad, 2Zia ur Rehman, and
MK Daud
1
Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
2
Department of Biotechnology and GE, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
azizswabi@hotmail.com
2
ABSTRACT
Atrazine is an important selective herbicide and is used worldwide in agriculture for controlling weeds
in crops like maize, sorghum, sugarcane, soybeans and wheat. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most
important cereal crop grown worldwide after wheat and rice. Like its global application, atrazine is
extensively used in Pakistan to eliminate weeds from various crops including maize. It has been
reported that atrazine negatively affect the non-targeted organisms in both aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems. However, it has not been scientifically investigated before if atrazine application has
adverse effect on maize or not. Therefore, the present study was proposed to evaluate the effect of
atrazine on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize. The present
results indicated that atrazine adversely effected the growth and development of maize seedlings as
parameters like germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, total soluble sugar, proline and
total proteins were impaired by atrazine stress. The present investigations provide an insight in
understanding the effects of atrazine on the non-target host crops. The proposed study is helpful in
assessment and understanding of the adverse effects of this herbicide on cereal crops.
DAE-24
PREVALENCE OF MICROORGANISMS IN RAW VEGETABLES
IRRIGATED WITH WASTEWATER
Reenum Anwar a, Imran Hashmi a*
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE),
SCEE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
reenum.mirxa@outlook.com, hashmi71@gmail.com
a
ABSTRACT
Recycling and reuse of wastewater for agricultural purposes is a very sustainable approach to overcome
the shortage of water. It is important to recognise the health risk associated with this approach. Domestic
wastewater usually carries the full spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to
determine the bacterial contamination in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
irrigated with wastewater. The designated biological indicator mostly used in rules and regulations are
coliforms and E. coli, indicating the occurrence of faecal contamination in wastewater. NARC certified
seeds were used in the study. Seeds were sown in the pots having 500g soil and irrigated with wastewater
for 3 months. Physicochemical parameters of wastewater were investigated which includes COD (225 ±
49), pH (7.6 ± 0.5), DO, EC and TSS (299 ± 113). MF technique was used for coliforms detection.
Germination percentage observed was 95.5%. Vegetables were examined for bacterial contamination.
Highest coliform count was shown in spinach plant roots and shoots i.e. 6.44 and 6.02 log 10 CFU/g. HPC
results also indicate that spinach has more bacterial count as compared to lettuce. Bacterial count of
Spinach and Lettuce was 5.07 and 4.67 log10 CFU/g. Helminth egg contamination was highest in lettuce
as compared to spinach. Raw vegetables irrigated with wastewater pose serious threats to human health.
DAE-33
SIMULATING COTTON PERFORMANCE FOR PHOSPHORUS IN ARID
VEHARI BY USING DSSAT MODEL
Asad Amin1, Wajid Nasim1,2, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Mubeen1*,
Liaqat Ali3, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad1
1
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-Pakistan
2
International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Institut
Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (IAMM) Montpellier-FRANCE
3
Adaptive Research Farm, Vehari-Pakistan
muhammadmubeen@ciitvehari.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
High phosphorus (P) use efficiency in crops could significantly avoid environmental hazards resulting
from over-fertilization like eutrophication. This field study was carried out on two cotton varieties
varying in plant structure to find its response to P fertilizer under the climatic conditions of Vehari,
Pakistan. The treatments consisted of two cotton varieties (FVH-142 and MNH-886) and three
phosphorus rates (0, 57 and 114 kg P 2 O5 ha-1) and arranged in split plot design with three replications.
The results showed that both cultivars performed better at application of 57 kg P ha -1 in terms of seed
cotton yield. So it would be wastage of resources if we apply more P as it may cause environmental
problems. The cultivar FH-142 performed better than MNH-886 in terms of various yield and yield
components. Data collected from the treatments were used for simulation in the Decision Support System
for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) sub-model CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton. The CSM-CROPGROCotton was calibrated with P level of 57 kg ha-1 which was found to be a non-stress treatment; the error
%age found for total dry matter, harvest index and seed cotton yield was 7 %, 0.09% and 15% in MNH886 and for FH-142 error of 11%, 0.08% and 16%, respectively. Similarly, during evaluation, there was
a good agreement between observed and stimulated values of total dry matter and harvest index (error
ranging from 1.32 to 26% and 1.54 to 10.95%, respectively). So DSSAT should be used for future yield
forecasting in cotton for different phosphorus levels under climatic conditions of Vehari.
DAE-35
METABOLIC RESPONSES IN MAIZE SEEDLINGS UNDER ARSENIC
STRESS
1
Samrana Zahir, 1Sidra Tahira, 1Azizullah Azizullah, 2Insaf Ullah Khan, 2Nazim Ali, 1Waheed
Murad, 2MK Daud
1
Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
2
Department of Biotechnology and GE, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
whdicp@yahoo.com, mkdaud@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Trace heavy metal, such as arsenic, is an important environmental pollutant, particularly in areas with
high anthropogenic pressure. The presence of arsenic in the atmosphere, soil, and water can cause serious
problems to all organisms, and its ubiquitous bioavailability can result in bioaccumulation in the food
chain. The general objective of our work was to determine the acute toxicity of arsenic in maize
seedlings. The effect of different levels (50, 100, 200 mg/L) of arsenic (as arsenic trioxide As 2O3) on
biochemical characteristics was determined under laboratory conditions with three independents
replicates in sand media. Biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll a and ions (Na+, K+, Ca+) increased
at 50 mg/L/, chlorophyll b increased and carotenoids significantly decreased at 200 mg/L. Cellular
viability or oxidizing ability of the cells was observed to decrease with rise in As concentrations the
electrolyte leakage (EL), showed a minor decreased at lower concentration and increased at higher
concentration as compared to control.Oxidative metabolites (MDA,H 2O2) significantly decreased at 200
mg/L, CAT and SOD increased with increasing concentration of arsenic and POD increased at 100 mg/L.
Total soluble protein, total soluble sugar decreased at 200mg/L. Proline increased at 200mg/L
significantly. These declines at higher doses of As could be due the sensitive nature of maize seedlings.
In our present experiment, we can conclude that As caused changes in maize seedlings in dose dependent
manner.
DAE-36
EXTRACTABILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF MERCURY IN FRESH
AND COMPOSTED MANURES OF DIFFERENT LIVESTOCK
Aneesah Pervaiz*, Faridullah*, and Imran Ali Khan*
Department of Environmental Sciences,
COMSATS Institute of information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
faridullah@ciit.net.pk
ABSTRACT
Compost has been identified as an alternative to fertilizer to increase soil fertility and crop production in
organic farming. For the sustainable nutrient management of crops, it is important to understand the
effects of fertilizer or manure application on the chemical forms of elements in soil. Compost and fresh
animal manures from four different sources, including Buffalo (BF), Cow (CW), Goat (GT) and Poultry
(PL) were selected to determine the metal concentrations. Addition of manure compost increased total
organic matter, macronutrients, and micronutrients in the amended soils according to rate of compost
applications. Total metals were determined by AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometer). The
extractability of elements varied considerably depending on type of livestock and extraction method.
Mercury (Hg) fractions extracted by reagents varied in order NaOH > KNO₃ > H₂O > EDTA > HNO₃.
Composted manure samples differed for Hg as GT > BF > PL > CW while for fresh manure samples it
differed as GT > CW > PL > BF. Greater concentration of Hg was found in GT fresh and minimum in
BF fresh. The reduction of Hg in samples of PL prepared by acid digestion is rapidly and quantitatively
effected by composting. Analytical results indicate that composting of animal manures encourages soil
microbial activity, which promotes the soil's trace mineral supply, improving plant nutrition. It can be
concluded that manure compost produced locally could be a suitable organic fertilizer or organic
farming.
DAE-37
LEACHABILITY OF LEAD IN THE AGRICULTURE FIELD SOIL
AMENDED WITH DAM SEDIMENTS
* Bushra Haroon , * Faridullah and *Hajira Haroon
Department of Environmental Science
COMSATS Institute of information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
faridullah@ciit.net.pk
ABSTRACT
Soil can be contaminated with heavy metals from several sources including industrial sites and lead
arsenate used as a pesticide. This study aims to investigate Lead (Pb) concentrations in the leachates. The
samples were collected from polluted soil irrigated with Hattar Industrial Waste Water i.e. Soils were
sampled from top and sub layer of Wheat field soil and Onion field soil. The dam sediments were mixed
with the polluted soil at a ratio of 5%. Dam material was mixed in the upper layer of the column (0 cm20 cm). Water was applied at fixed leaching fraction of 0.3 - 0.4. After each irrigation events, leachate
was collected within 24 hours and immediately transferred to the laboratory for chemical analysis. Pb
was determined during 12 leaching events.The amount of water leached out from each treatment was
recorded after each irrigation event. Pb was measured in the soil column after the leaching process
ceased. Pb concentrations in the soil were determined using polarized Zeeman atomic absorption
spectrophotometer (Model Z-2300, Hitachi, Japan). The concentration of Pb in the leachate varied in the
order of TSW >SSW. Highest value of Pb was in the leachate of top soil of wheat, while minimum value
was in the leachate of sub soil of wheat. By the addition of dam sediments as amendment in the polluted
soil resulting decreasing the Pb concentration in the soil. It is concluded that as the leaching event
increases then the concentration of heavy metals in the soil decreases. It will help to reduce the lead
contamination in the soil.
DAE-38
ANTAGONISTIC IMPACT OF HIGH AND LOW EC AND SAR ON LEAFY
CROP PRODUCTION
Haroon Ur Rasheed, Faridullah and *Bilawal Rasheed
Department of Environmental Sciences,
COMSATS Institute of information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan
Haroon.rasheed.286@gmail.com, Faridullah@ciit.net.pk
* Department of Agriculture, University of Haripur, Pakistan
Bilawal.msc.agr@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Many researchers correlate the high SAR with diminish in crop productivity. Irrigation water be inflicted
with low SAR also antagonistic the production of leafy vegetables. Current study critical the paucity of
calcium and magnesium w.r.t sodium. In present study vegetable like spinach was irrigated with different
concentration of SAR and EC. Physico/chemical analysis of water and crop yield was observe in the
study. High dosage of SAR > 8 exceeding the permissible limit dwindle the production significantly.
Increasing concentration of any one (Ca, Mg and Na) of the following causing inadequacies of remaining
two. Likewise it was perceive that at very low concentration of Ca, Mg and Na (SAR < 5) impact the
production. In this study optimum range of EC (0.50 dS/m – 0.54 dS/m) and SAR (5.90 – 6.5) increase
the production of leafy vegetable. Ca in a cell help in transportation of other elements but at low
concentration it causes malfunction of tips of root and buds and magnesium used by plants due to its
activation of different enzymes and deficiency linked with chlorosis. It was concluded that upsurge and
inadequate of these nutrient resulting decrease in production.
DAE-39
EFFECT OF ORGANIC WASTE ON THE AVAILABILITY AND PLANT
UPTAKE OF CALCIUM IN COMPOST AMENDED SOILS
Imran Ali Khan*, Faridullah* and Aneesah Pervaiz*
* Department of Environmental Sciences
COMSATS Institute of information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Waste materials from four different sources, including Animal Waste Fresh (AWF), Animal Waste
Compost (AWC), Mixed Waste Fresh (MWF), and Mixed Waste Compost (MWC) were selected to
determine the total calcium (Ca). The concentration of total Ca in manure varied as MWC > AWF >
MWF > AWC. Total form of Ca in pre sowing soil was found highest in MWF and lowest in AWF while
in post-harvest soil it was found maximum in MWF and minimum in AWF. The higher ratios for
composts versus manure for Ca suggests that this element is more liable to acid leaching after
composting. Composting of Municipal Solid Waste has been reported to increase total and extractable
soil Ca concentrations. Analytical results indicated that composting of animal manures enhance the
availability of essential nutrients and improved plant nutrition. The use of composted animal manures as
soil amendment could be economically productive and would potentially ameliorate the major concerns
associated with organic waste.
DAE-44
EFFECT OF TRAFFIC POLLUTION ON THE ANATOMY AND
BIOCHEMISTRY OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA IN DISTRICT KARAK, PAKISTAN
Muhammad Yaqub, Waheed Murad, Shafiq ur Rehman, *Aziz ullah Aziz ullah
Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
* azizswabi@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Roadside pollution caused by traffic is a major environmental issue all over the world. An experimental
trial was conducted to study the effect of traffic pollution on different anatomical and biochemical
parameters of Ziziphus jujuba. Three sampling sites were selected at the main Indus highway in district
Karak of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Leaf samples of the test species were collected from each site
at 0 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 500 m distance from the road side. Different parameters including size of leaf
(width and length), density of open and closed stomata, concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b
and total carotenoids, proline and size of epidermis, cortex, xylem, phloem and pith were used as end
points. It was found that plants near to the road had large number of closed stomata as compared to those
away from the road. Similarly, size of the epidermis, cortex, xylem, phloem, and pith were found to be
smaller in plants near to road as compared to those away from roadside. The concentrations of
Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and total Carotenoids were also observed to be affected by roadside
pollution. Proline concentration, a stress indicator, was higher in plants near to road than in those away
from the roadside. It can be concluded from this study that roadside pollution can be a threat to Ziziphus
jujuba population in the studied area.
DAE-45
BIOPESTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF NEEM SEEDS AND TURMERIC
RHIZOME EXTRACTS AGAINST OKRA PESTS
1
Uzair Muhammad, 2Tariq Nawaz Khattak, 3Zia Ur Rehman, 1Waheed Murad, 1*Azizullah
Azizullah
1
Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
2
Research Officer, NIFA, Peshawar, Pakistan
3
Department of Biotechnology and GE, Kohat University of Science and Technology,
Kohat, Pakistan
azizswabi@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
The use of chemical pesticides is a common practice to control pests and increase crops yield. However,
the use of chemical pesticides causes several problems like pesticide pollution, elimination of beneficial
fauna and flora and various health problems in humans. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative
approaches to reduce the sole dependence on synthetic pesticides. The present study was conducted to
screen the extract of Neem seeds and Turmeric rhizome for pesticidal activities against okra pests.
Experiments were conducted in field with four plots. One plot was kept as a control (unsprayed) and one
was sprayed with synthetic pesticides, one with Neem seeds extract and one with Turmeric rhizome
extract with regular intervals. The effect on number of pests, plant growth and yield was observed at
regular intervals. A significant reduction in pests was recorded in all the treatments as compared to the
control. Both the extracts were found to be more effective than the synthetic pesticides in controlling
okra pests. Both the extracts had stimulatory effects on okra growth and yield as compared to the control
as synthetic pesticides. For example, the total yield of plots sprayed with Neem (53.3 kg plot-1) and
Turmeric extract (47.7 kg plot-1) was higher than the yield of control plot (33.8 kg plot -1) and plot
sprayed with synthetic pesticides (39 kg plot-1). It is concluded that Neem and Turmeric extracts can be
used as alternative of synthetic pesticides for controlling pests attacks on okra.
DAE-49
ETHNOMEDICO PROFILE OF INDIGENOUS FLORA OF TEHSIL
BARNALA DISTRICT BHIMBER AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Muhammad Ishtiaq*, Mehwish Maqbool, Tanveer Hussain, Shehzad Azam
Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology
Bhimber Campus, Bhimber Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
drishtiaqajk@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
An ethnomedicinal profile was generated to explore medicinal potential of indigenous plants for of
Tehsil Barnala District Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir used against renal disorders. A
comprehensive and spatial survey from three locations was conducted by using questionnaire
methodology consisting on open-ended and closed-ended interview strategy. A total of 155 informants
(70 male and 85 female) were interviewed from local community people and rural hakims (herbalists).
The analysis generated checklist of 50 plants which belonged to 35 families. Commonly used plant parts
were fruits (26.3%), leave (12.7%) and seeds (16.45%) and frequent usable forms were: tea mixture
(26.34%), cold extract (18.73%), decoction (17.1%) and dry powder (13.65%). Informant Consensus
Factor (ICF) values in all the three selected localities were; 0.653, 1.256, 0.483 in Malot, Dandar and
Kadhala, respectively. Fidelity Level (FL%) of these plant species was also calculated and it was
determined that most commonly used plant species against renal problems in these areas are: Ricinus
communis, Rosa damascena, Punica granatum, Zingiber officinale, Zea mays, Daucus carota, Raphanus
sativus, Mentha longifolia, Aloe barbadensis, Musa paradisiaca, Phyllanthus emblica and Achyranthus
aspera. Phytochemical analysis of different plants was also done in lab for finding out the biochemistry
of these plants. Plants of Punica granatum, Datura inoxia, Aloe barbadensis, Phyllanthus emblica and
Ricinus communis were tested for confirmation of terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and
anthraquinones.
DAE-50
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON WOOD OF PINUS ROXBURGHII
(PINACEAE) IN MUZAFFARABAD AZAD KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
Pazeer Iqbal1, Muhammad Ishtiaq2*, Mehwish Maqbool2, Tanveer Hussain2, Shehzad Azam2
Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad-Pakistan
Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST),
Bhimber Campus, Bhimber Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
The wood of 5 trees of Pinus roxburghii from two different areas of Tehsil Muzaffarabad was
quantitatively analyzed. One of the areas Muzaffarabad city (p) is highly polluted by air pollution as
compare to another area Pirchanasi (up) has hardly any pollution. The morphologically modifications
were observed in plants height, 11 from (up) and 7 m from (p). found in samples of the most polluted
region were in general in agreement with those present in woods from unfavorable environments, such as
water-stressed sites. Since the water is not a limiting factor in the area, pollution is believed to be
responsible for the modified wood structure. Woody trees increase in girth by the activity of
meristematic tissue called vascular cambium. The vascular cambium comprises fusiform and ray initials,
which give rise to vertically oriented elements that is, vessels, fibers, tracheids etc. and horizontally
oriented elements that is, rays. The present research based study reveals that there is reduction in
dimensions and proportions of fusiform and ray initials in Juglans regia growing under impact of
pollution. By means of anatomical observations, this research examines the behavior of Salix alba L.
under different conditions (polluted and non-polluted sites) palisade cells of mesophyll are less in
number from (p) area i.e 04 while 06 from (up). The purpose of this research based study was to evaluate
their response in relation to the anthropic impact. The variation in mesophyll thickness, the structure of
conducting and mechanic tissues, the distribution and the frequency of the stomata in both upper and
lower epidermis was followed.
DAE-54
TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF MEDICINAL FLORA IN THE BALAKOT
VALLEY, KP, PAKISTAN
Muhammad Asif*, Zafar Iqbal1*, Jan Alam*, Shujaul M Khan**, Farhana Ijaz* & Inayat U
Rahman*
*
Department of Botany Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
**
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
zafar.hu@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Medicinal ethno botany is the sub-discipline of ethno botany which refers to the study of conformist uses
of plants and informal knowledge concerning to plants and human health care, as well as prevention and
helpful of human ailment using plants. Ethno botanical evidence on salutary plants and their practices by
intrinsic philosophies is supportive not only in the conservancy of traditional nations and biodiversity,
but also for communal health care and remedy improvement. Traditional knowledge regarding the uses
of local wild medicinal plants for treating various human diseases is totally in the hold community old
members. The young generation is not much aware about such important traditional medicinal practices.
An ethno medicinal study was to document and accumulate massive and disseminate indigenous
knowledge of century’s practiced therapeutic uses of medicinal plants for medicinal purpose by the tribal
people living in this area. Total 167 local inhabitants (123 men, 38 women and 5 herbalists) were
interviewed through questionnaire. The data obtained were quantitatively analyzed through the use value
(UV). Plant specimen was preserved and mounted on herbarium sheets and labeled, cataloging and
deposited with voucher numbers in Hazara University Herbarium, Mansehra, Pakistan. 59 plant species
belonging to 55 genera and 24 families. These medicinal plant species are used commonly as an ethno
medicine. The herbaceous plant species were dominant with 70%, followed by shrubs (20%) and trees
(10%). Lamiaceae was the leading family among collected medicinal plant species (16.94%). Maximum
medicinal plant species were used for treatment of acidity (11.76%). Most widely part used is leaf (58%)
for the treatment of different ailments by the traditional healers. The medicinal plant species with greater
use value were Berberis parkerana Schneid. (0.87) ranked 1st, Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) (0.81) 2nd,
Berberis pachycantha Royle (0.79) 3rd. The current study supported to launch list of plants used in ethno
medicine practices in study area. Future antimicrobial, antivirals, and pharmacological studies are
required to ratify the efficacy and safety of the medicinal plants species.
DAE-58
IN VITRO EMRYOID DEVELOPMENT FROM ANTHERS OF DIFFERENT
MAIZE GENOTYPES
Muhammad Zeshan1,*, Zubair Ahmad*, Salma Perveen**and Saad Imran Malik
*PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi
muhammadzeeshan95@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In maize, hybrid development has been an efficient tool to improve yield since long time but the
conventional way of inbred line development for hybrids is very slow process. However, the
development of doubled haploid (inbred) line in vitro by pollen and anther culture can shorten this time
span. As the development of haploids and doubled haploids is highly genotype dependent so for that, a
preliminary study was carried out on six advance genotypes of maize to access their response to anther
culture for embryoid development. Two nutritional medium; N6 and YP were used for culturing anthers
of these six genotypes. Significant difference of genotypes was found for responding anthers as well as
for embryoid frequency. Genotype 77-80 gives the best response for anther response with a percentage of
35.24 on YP media and 19.98 on N6 media. This genotype also significantly differs from all the others
for number of embryoids per anther. For embryoid frequency N6 media gives better response with 1.466
embryoids per anther but on YP media it is 1.302. Genotype 85-88 was found recalcitrant with no
response on both media. These results indicate that anther response to tissue culture is highly genotype
dependent so this is an important factor for the development of plantlets through anther culture. This
experiment provides the basis for selection of suitable genotype and media for further studies.
DAE-59
SCREENING OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L.) GENOTYPES
UNDER VARIOUS LEVELS OF DROUGHT STRESS.
Masood Qadir*, Amir Bibi and Hafeez Ahmad Sadaqat
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
masoodpbg@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Sorghum is an important fodder crop and plays an important role in the Pakistan dairy industry. High
yielding and superior quality sorghum varieties should be produced to meet the domestic needs. In arid
and semiarid regions, drought is a major and serious constraint to sorghum production and adversely
influences sorghum growth and germination. There are many approaches to combat the drought stress.
Among these approaches breeding of crops contributes towards increase in yield under stress condition
like drought stress by making the plant tolerant against stress. Ten genotypes of sorghum were evaluated
at seedling stage to determine the genotypic variation among them on the basis of tolerance against
drought stress and impact of drought on fodder quality. Three levels of drought stress (100%, 50% and
75% field capacity) were applied to the genotypes. The experiment was carried out in wire house
following a triplicate completely randomized design with factorial arrangements. The data was recorded
after 20 days of sowing on following traits such as root and shoot length, root shoot fresh and dry weight,
leaf area, relative water content, total ash contents and crude protein. All the traits showed significant
difference among the genotypes. The genotypes NARC-11 followed by Sorgh-11 gave better response in
all levels of drought stress while F114 gave poor response in all levels of drought stress.
DAE-70
GROWTH AND METAL UPTAKE POTENTIAL OF GREEN GRAM
INFLUENCED BY NICKEL RESISTANT BACTERIA AT VARYING NICKEL
STRESSES
Syeda S. Meryem*, A. Yasmin
* Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad,
Fatima Jinnah Women university, Rawalpindi, Department of Environmental Sciences
shaima@ciit.net.pk
ABSTRACT
Utilizing a plant–microbe partnership is now being recognized as an important tool to enhance successful
phytoremediaton of metal-contaminated sites. Seedlings of three Vigna radiata species (Ramazan, NM92 and NM-98) were investigated for their nickel tolerance with and without bacterial inoculation. A
highly Nickel (Ni) resistant gram negative coccus MB239 was selected for inoculation purpose. Various
growth attributes (germination, shoot, root and seedling length, fresh and dry weight, vigor index, dry
matter accumulation photosynthetic pigments, Enzymes (catalse and peroxidase), phytohormones,
reducing sugars, total cell proteins and nickel accumulation level were determined at different nickel
concentrations (0, 100 and 200 µg/ml). Nickel induced a significant reduction in root growth, vigor and
dry matter accumulation (p<0.05). However, nickel resistant bacteria increased physiological and
biochemical growth parameters of all the green grams varieties growing with and without nickel. NM-98
showed more pronounced synergistic relation with nickel resistant bacteria. Thus, synergistic use of
bacteria could be a novel approach for improving plant growth under metals stress as well as for
meaningful phytoremediation of metals contaminated soils.
DAF-01
DARK CHOCOLATE: A Food of Life?
Sami Ullah Khan, Abdul Qayyum*, Salahudin**, Izharullah***, Mahmood Akhtar
Kayani**** and Faraz Arshad Malik*****
Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal University, Russian Federation
*Associate Professor, Government Degree College, Serai Naurang Pakistan
**MS-fellow, Health Services Academy, Islamabad Pakistan
***Department of Pharmacy, Malakand University, Pakistan
****Associate Professor, Department of Biosciences, CIIT, Islamabad Pakistan
*****Assistant Professor, Department of Biosciences, CIIT, Islamabad Pakistan
skmwt2003@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In this present review, it was aimed to study the connection of dark chocolate and different phases of
angiogenesis resulting in cancer pathogenesis. Dark chocolate is derived from cocoa (cacao), may have
speckled polyphenol and flavonoids contents retains different levels of antioxidant abilities. The
existence of methylxanthines, peptides and polyphenols like flavonoids may synergistically augment or
diminish antioxidant properties of dark chocolate (cocoa). The Dark chocolate has certain capacity to
famish tumors development and fighting against angiogenesis.
DAF-04
VEGETABLES FORCING AS AFFECTED BY SUDDEN WEATHER
CHANGES: CURRENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE IMPLICATIONS
Muhammad Fakhar-ud-Din Razi1, Osama Bin Abdul Hafeez1, Nasir Nadeem1,
Ishtiaq Ahmad Rajwana1 and Iqrar A. Khan*
1
UAF Sub-Campus Burewala, Vehari,
* University of Agriculture Faisalabad
mfrazi@uaf.edu.pk, fakharuddin_razi@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Vegetable forcing is a common technique of this era has been widely used by the farmers for early
season to out of season vegetable production. In Pakistan, tunnel farming is the most used form of
vegetable forcing and used for a number of summer vegetables including cucumber, tomatoes, aborigine
, sweet and hot peppers, squashes and melons on a variable scale. This study was conducted in 12
districts of Punjab including Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Khanewal, Vehari, Bahawal Nagar, Sahiwal, Okara,
Nankana Sahib, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Chiniot and Sargodha. A total of 73 farmers with small,
medium and large level tunnel farming were visited in the areas above mentioned. The respondents
(farmers) were asked several questions about their history in tunnel farming, production indices, cost
benefit ratio, problems faced by the growers and tangibly possible solutions regarding their problems. As
a matter of serious concern; 53.4% complained upon fake fertilizer supplies particularly DAP, whereas,
52.1% of the respondents showed very serious concern regarding abrupt weather changes. The
phenomena of global warming was reflected by even those farmers, who did not know about it. The
sudden weather changes proved to be lethal during last cropping season as hail storms annihilated off
season vegetables throughout the district of Pak Pattan and casted severe losses in the rest of the Punjab
Province.
Urbanization and Built Environment
EBE-02
PUBLIC LIBRARY: ARCHITECTURE, URBAN AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Ahmad Riaz
University of Engineering & Technology Lahore
Ahmadriaz.uet@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This paper is aimed to write about how to develop criteria and standards to follow in architecture while
designing the public libraries and give the perspective for the architects and civil engineers to start with
developing a concept and this paper links between the provisions and the urban facility to contribute to
the sustainable development of the city.
EBE-07
COMPARISON OF NORMALLY VIBRATED CONCRETE AND SELF
COMPACTING CONCRETE IN STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF A
MEDIUM RI SE BUILDING
Ammara Sarfraz and Mehreen Khalid *
Department of Architectural Engineering and Design, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
imprudentwhispers@gmail.com, Electric_brain24@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Increasing trend of urbanization and industrialization has demanded construction of buildings with a
modernization to make an optimized use of reduced available land. In heavily populated areas especially
in under-developing countries, which can be achieve economically by using self-compacting
concrete(SCC) instead of normal vibrated concrete(NVC). In this research work, experimental results for
SCC are extracted from a locally carried research. The results are implemented on an existing medium
rise building, which is then designed for both SCC and NVC by software stimulation. The comparison of
detailed effects of SCC and NVC on the structural components of the building in terms of reinforcement
and dimension is established, on the basis of the two models. The results were, under the same load
conditions, when the cross-sectional area of SCC columns is reduced from 25 % to 56.5% , the
reinforcement is reduced from 25% to 54.5% as compared to NVC columns. Similarly when the crosssectional are of SCC beams is reduced to 57.2% as compared to NVC beams , the reinforcement reduction
varies from 37.042% to 95.25%. Moreover recommendation for future work and direction for this field of
research have been detailed.
EBE10
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF ORGANIC FIBERS (PLYPROPYLENE) ON
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE
Zia Ur Rahman, Amjad Naseer* and Mohammad Adil**
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
engrzia01@yahoo.com, amjad_naseer@yahoo.com, adil@uetpeshawar.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Fiber is added in concrete in order to increase its tensile strength as well as to control cracking. Fibers of
different material including, steel, Poly-propylene, Poly-urethane Poly-Vinyl-Alcohol, glass, natural etc.,
are in use in fiber reinforced concrete, throughout the world. Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is a
modern type of high strength concrete where silica fume is used as admixture to achieve high strength.
This paper focuses on the effect of adding organic fiber (polypropylene) on mechanical properties of
RPC. The mechanical properties, investigated in this research, include cylinder compressive strength,
split cylinder tensile strength, flexural tensile strength or modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity.
Furthermore, bending tests of plain RPC samples have also been conducted and presented in the form of
load-deflection curves for 0.25% to 2% (with an increment of 0.25%) addition of fiber, by weight. The
optimum fiber content in compression, tension and flexure for RPC has also been reported. The test
results revealed same optimum fiber contents in compression and flexure. It has been observed, that
although addition of fiber increases the strength of RPC, further increase in fiber content respectively
decreases and increases the compressive and tensile strength. Also the failure mode is observed to be
ductile with no spalling or fragmentation due to presence of fibers. It has also been found that addition of
organic fiber increases the compressive strength of concrete by almost 135%.
EBE-11
TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION THROUGH MINIMISING
EMBODIED CO2 OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
Shahab Samad
City University Peshawar Pakistan
hodcivil@cusit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
To reduce the embodied CO2 of structural concrete Portland Cement (PC) in concrete can be partially
replaced with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS).In this research effect of partial
replacement of cement with GGBS on strength development of concrete cured under summer and winter
curing environments is established. Early age strength of GGB concrete is lower than the normal PC
concrete which limits its use in the fast-track construction and post tensioned beams which are subjected
to high early loads. By keeping the water cement ratio low as 0.35 concrete containing GGBS up to 50 %
can achieve high early age strength. GGBS concrete gains more strength than the PC concrete after the
age of 28 days. Concrete designed for equal 28 days strength, at the age of Day 56 the strengths of
70PC/30GGBS, 60PC/40GGBS and 50PC/50GGBS are 5 %, 15.5 % and 3.5 % higher than the 100PCControl concrete mix respectively.
EBE-12
CERAMIC WASTE AS AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Humera Ahmed, Khuram Rashid* and Waleed Shakeel **
Department of Architectural Engineering and Design, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
engr_humeraahmed@hotmail.com, khuram_ae@hotmail.com, waleedshakeel01@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Concrete is considered as the largest man made construction material in this world. Increase in its
demand results in rapid consumption of natural resources. Therefore, there is a rapid search for alternate
suitable materials which are equivalent in properties to concrete. This work describes the experimental
investigation; in which concrete was casted by incorporating various amount of ceramic waste. Fine
aggregate as well as coarse aggregate in concrete was partially replaced by granulated ceramic waste.
Concrete with conventional materials was also prepared and referred as Reference Concrete in this work.
Natural fine aggregate was replaced by ceramic waste by an amount of 10, 15 and 20% and natural
coarse aggregate by coarse form of ceramic waste by an amount of 10, 20 and 30%. All other parameters
of mixtures were kept constant. The compressive strengths of each mix were calculated at ages of 7, 28
and 63 days. It is evident from the results that the workability decreased and compressive strength was
increased with the increase in ceramic content. This research recommends that ceramic waste can be
partially replaced in concrete but further experimentation is still required to check the tensile strength and
durability of such concrete.
EBE-16
Radon Monitoring In The Built-Up Area Using Solid State Nuclear Track
Detectors
S.U. Rahman1, M. Rafique2, F. Khan3, Z. Wazir4 and Iftikhar A Raja5
Department of Medical Physics, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy
Institute (NORI), Islamabad
2
Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad
3
Department of Geology, university of Haripur, KPK
4
Department of Basic Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad
5
Deparmtne of Environmental Sciences,
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
snori66@yahoo.com
1
ABSTRACT
Indoor radon measurements have been carried out in the dwellings of district Chakwal using solid state
nuclear track detectors (CR-39). The objective of the study was to estimate the radiation doses received
by the dwellers of the area due to indoor radon exposure. CR-39 detectors were installed for three months
at head height in bedrooms and drawing rooms of 30 randomly selected houses. After 90 days, the
installed detectors were collected and etched for 10h in 6M concentration of sodium hydroxide solution
at 80 0C. The tracks were counted under an optical microscope and track densities were related to radon
concentrations by using a calibration factor. The measured indo radon concentration varied from 11 to
182 Bq m-3 with an average concentration comes out to be 56 ± 11 Bq m-3. Radon doses were calculated
using the UNSCEAR model and annual effective doses were found to be 0.84 ± 0.16 mSv and 0.93 ±
0.17 mSv for bed rooms and living rooms, respectively. Overall yearly mean effective dose was
estimated to be 0.88 ± 0.17mSv for the inhabitants living in the studied area and found to be less than the
recommended action limits 3-10 mSv.
EBE-17
Utiliaztion of waste glass powder as a partial replacement of cement in
concrete
Fasih Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Fahad* and Khan Shahzada**
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering &Technology, Peshawar.
fasihahmedkhan@hotmail.com, fahadkhan@uetpeshawar.edu.pk, khanshahzada@uetpeshwar.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Concrete is the most commonly used material in the world, which is a mixture of Portland cement,
aggregates (including fine and coarse aggregate), water and with or without admixtures. Many researches
are carried out these days on the replacement of Portland cement with waste materials having pozzolanic
effect like Fly ash, Bagasse ash, Silica fume and marble powder etc. Waste Glass Powder can also be
used as a binder with the partial replacement of cement, it also acts as a filler material. Waste glass when
ground to a very fine powder shows pozzolanic properties as it contains high SiO 2 and therefore to some
extent can replace cement in concrete and contribute strength development. In this study Glass Powder
partially replaced at varying percentage 0 to 40 percent by weight of cement, and tested for its
workability and Compressive strength up to 84 days of age and were compared with those of
conventional concrete. The overall test results shows that Waste Glass Powder could be utilized in
concrete as a good substitute of cement. The research concluded that with the age of testing affects the
compressive strength. The reduction of workability was observed with the increase of glass powder
content, as the slump value decreased with a constant amount. The initial Strength was less as compared
to the conventional concrete, but after 28 days the pozzolonic activity started and the difference of
strength between conventional concrete and glass powder concrete reduced to 12 percent. At 15 percent
replacement of cement by Glass powder, the concrete gives maximum strength which is about 88.22
percent of the control mix. Thus 15 percent GP content is recommended as optimum replacement content
for strength.
EBE-18
APPLICATION OF GREEN ROOF AS A PASSIVE DESIGN MEASURE TO
REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BUILDINGS
Muhammad Asif1 & Abu Bakar Sadiq2
School of Engineering & Built Environment,
Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, G4 0BA, Glasgow, UK
2
Architectural Engineering Department,
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
mas1@gcu.ac.uk
1
ABSTRACT
The world faces a string of serious energy and environmental challenges. The building sector has a major
role to play in tackling these issues, as it is responsible for over 40% of the world’s total primary energy
consumption and over 30% of the total Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The situation requires
improvement in the energy consumption trends in the building sector. Green roof is a passive design
strategy, which can offer a wide range of sustainability and ecological benefits while often enhancing the
aesthetic qualities and architectural creativity of buildings. The presented work examines the
effectiveness of green roofs in hot climates in terms of energy and environmental benefits. Modeling of a
typical residential building has been carried out with the help of a software tool, DesignBuilder. Results
indicate that green roof can save over 25% of the energy load of buildings in climatic conditions like
Pakistan.
EBE-19
MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS USING HPGE
DETECTOR AND ITS RADIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
S. A. Mehdi1, S. U. Rahman2, K. Khan3, A. Jabbar3 M. Rafique4, F Khan5 and Iftikhar A Raja6
1
Federal Urdu University of Science, Arts & Technology (FUUSAT), Islamabad
2
Dept of Medical Physics, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI), Islamabad
3
Health Physics division, PINSTECH, Nilore, Islamabad
4
Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad
5
Department of Geology, University of Haripur, KPK-Pakistan
6
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Abbottabad, Pakistan
alimehdi2@yahoo.com, snori66@yahoo.com, drkalid@pinstech.org.pk’ mrafique@ajku.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Human beings are persistently exposed to ionizing radiation caused by terrestrial, extra-terrestrial and
anthropogenic radionuclides. In order to assess the risks associated with exposure due to the natural
radioactivity in soil, a radiological environmental monitoring survey was carried out in district Chakwal.
In the present study, activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are measured in soil samples using an HPGe based
gamma spectrometry system. The measured mean specific radioactivity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and
40
K in the studied samples was 31.08 ± 1.2 Bqkg-1, 47.67 ± 2.30 Bqkg-1 and 558.23 ± 17.52 Bqkg-1,
respectively. From the measured activity concentration, radium equivalent activity, external and internal
hazard indices, terrestrial absorbed dose and annual effective dose were calculated. Mean radium
equivalent activity (Raeq), outdoor radiation hazard index (Hex), indoor radiation hazard index (Hin) and
absorbed dose rate (D) for the area under study were determined as 142.18 Bqkg-1, 0.38, 0.47 and 66.13
nGyh-1 respectively. The annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) varied in the range from 0.10 mSv y -1
to 0.16 mSv y-1. On the basis of measured activity and calculated values of hazards indices, it is
concluded that the surveyed area does not pose any significant radiological risk to the population and
environment.
EUE-01
MANAGIN URBAN GROWTH: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CASE OF
CITY LAHORE
Ahmad Riaz, Farhan Ali*
University of Engineering & Technology Lahore
* Pakistan Public Works Department, Assistant Executive Engineer Division I Lahore
Farhan_uet@hotmail.com, Ahmadriaz.uet@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Master Planning is an important phase and its impacts can be seen after the implementation of Master
planning and also useful for managing urban growth. This paper aimed to present suggestions for
managing urban growth and layout for master plan in managing urban growth of the cities in Pakistan. It
also critically reviews the current situation in one major city of Lahore, Pakistan and presents the
suggestion in accordance with layout for master planning.
EUE-02
IMPACT OF WISH WASH CAR PARKING ON THE RAISE OF NOISE
POLLUTION
Samreen Naeem
Institute of Business Administration, University of Sindh Jamshoro Hyderabad sindh
samreen_2k5@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Allah Almighty has bestow five great senses to the human beings in which seeing, smelling, hearing etc
but few he has left to earn by himself the very famous among them are common sense which is
unfortunately lacked in our learned society which is directly proportional to the civic sense. Nowadays in
our society we are suffering in so many wish wash specially a non sense car parking we see that we all
are a citizen of civilized society having various schools, colleges and universities in our cities but even
highly qualified citizen of society are unaware of car parking civic sense. Whenever we park the car we
give preference to the inappropriate locations ultimately which is putting adverse effect on smooth flow
of traffic and peoples, also cause of garbage dump and pollutions, fuel consumption and raise of noise
pollutions. When all people use the horns at the same time it is harmful for the health not only affect the
hearing power but the air pollution influenced lungs performance. In this scenario the district government
can play a vital role by introducing a civic guidance program and using plenty of awareness techniques
of parking to make the public able to contribute positively for the society and can be the effective factor
in control of noise pollution due to wish wash car parking.
EUE-03
SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN OF LAND USE GROWTH AND URBAN
EXPANSION IN A SMALL TOWN OF DISTRICT BAHAWALPUR;
PAKISTAN
Sana Arshad, Adila Shafqat Majid Malik
Department of Geography, The Islamia University Bahawalpur
sanaiub111@gmail.com, sana.arshad@iub.edu.pk, Adila.shafqat@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Land use change is one of the main driving force of global environmental change and is closely related to
sustainable development. There is a direct relationship between urbanization and land use changes that
occurs at spatio temporal scale. Determining the effects of land use changes depends upon various
factors, like past and present land use patterns, projections of future land use affected by population size
and distribution. Various case studies are present in literature to determine the effects of land use
changes upon urbanization. The present research is also focused on urbanization process of a small town
towards city due to population growth and its associated land use changes. “Uch Sharif” is a historical
town located in the Tehsil AhmedPur East of District Bahawalpur in Southern Punjab of Pakistan.
Population growth due to migration and natural increase altered the land use patterns and shape of town
and caused its urban expansion since 1970. The major objectives of the study include; first of all to
examine and analyze the population growth of the town from 1980 to 2014 as a major factor for land
uses changes. Secondly land use patterns of the town are analyzed in detail from 1980 to 2014 and rate of
urban expansion and land consumption ratio are calculated along with population density index. Base
maps of the land use patterns are taken from the Municipal authorities and studied in GIS environment to
analyze the historical changes in its pattern. At the end research concludes that this small town is getting
urbanized day by day due to more population pressure and their changing land use demands.
EUE-04
CO-RELATIONAL STUDY OF FLORA AND ENVIRONMENTAL
VARIABLES IN CHINJI NATIONAL PARK CHAKWAL
Iqra Afzal, Asma Jabeen, Sheikh Saeed Ahmad*
Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
drsaeed@fjwu.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
National parks are designated to ensure the ecological strength of ecosystems for existing and upcoming
generations. This study was undertaken to analyze the ecology of the park. For that research was done to
determine the co-relation of flora and soil with the effects of environmental variables. Study area was
divided into three zones on the basis of distance from the park boundary. Flora was collected on the basis
of Braun-Blanquet method for vegetation analysis. The soil was taken as environmental variable for
Electrical conductivity, pH, Organic matter and Saturation. T-value biplot is primarily used to reveal the
statistically significant relationships between species and environmental variables. From zone I Cynodon
dactlyon and Eragostis tremule showed some negative association towards pH and E.C while Eulaliopsis
binate showed positive association towards saturation. None of the species were associated to O.M. From
zone II no specie was associated to pH and Saturation while Capparis decidua and Otostegia limbarea
showed negative association towards O.M and E.C. From zone III none of the species showed any
relationship with any environmental variable. This research concluded that Chinji national park is
exhibiting biome of xeric shrublands and deserts due to erosion and various other factors and it needs to
be conserved.
EUE-05
ESTIMATION OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE THROUGH THERMAL
REMOTE SENSING IN URBAN HEAT ISLAND OF MULTAN CITY,
PAKISTAN
Asma Shaheen*1, Afia Naveed1, Muhammad Ateeq2, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Navid Ahmad1, Khalid
Mehmood1
1
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha
2
Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
* asma07igis@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The urban areas experience more land surface temperature then the vegetation land and act as urban heat
island. The measure of land surface temperature through remote sensing is an emerging and efficient
technique. Multan city has become an important urbanized commercial and industrial centre in Pakistan.
Increasing population, growing commercial and industrialization boosted up the urban construction. The
vegetation cover has been changed to urban built-up area causing more thermal emission and heat waves.
The land surface temperature and emissivity were calculated using different combinations of image
indices from thermal infrared satellite imageries of thirty years for the whole city. Meteorological data of
temperature, evapotranspiration and precipitation was also incorporated to find out the accurate variation
in urban climate at Spatio-temporal scale. The local difference between the temperature of Multan City
and that of surrounding rural areas was also examined. Object base land cover classifications were also
applied on satellite Images of the area and city was sliced in different zones according to thermal
emission categories from each land cover class. The results of multivariate analysis and time series
analysis showed that the change in land use/ land cover of Multan City caused thermal modification in
land surface temperature and also increased emissivity value significantly. There was increasing trend in
urban temperature and variation in other climatic factors from that of rural areas. It was concluded that
increase in the local temperature of the Multan City has caused consequent emergence of urban heat
island. There were improper new construction practices in urban areas with the negligence to maintain
green belts and vegetation in city area with high density population.
EUE-08
CHANGES IN NATURAL DRAINAGE PATTERN OF KARACHI DISTRICT-A
GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS
Sumaira Zafar1 and Arjumand Z. Zaidi2
Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-information Science
2
Institute of Space Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
sumaira.zafar_ncrg05@ist.edu.pk, arjumand.zaidi@ist.edu.pk
1
ABSTRACT
Karachi district used to have an impressive natural drainage network comprising three (3) main river
systems and their tributaries. These natural streams were used to drain out the storm water of the city
without any difficulty. The scenario has been changed in the recent past years due to an over exploitation
of floodplains and riverbeds for other uses. Small streams and nalas have been abandoned due to the
development of settlements, industries and agricultural fields. Some of the streams and nalas have
vanished and some are encroached by different landuses. Since these streams are now part of urban
settlements, their quality has also been deteriorated and, at present, these are serving as wastewater
drains. This paper examines the effects of urbanization on hydrologic characteristics of 31 streams
located within the boundary of Karachi district. Topographic maps (scale of 1:50,000) of 1970s,
developed by Survey of Pakistan, are used to identify the natural water channels’ width and extent. Few
scenes of Orbview (1 meter resolution) from Google Earth and Landsat satellite images (15 and 30 meter
resolution) are used to identify the major landcovers of the study area. Shuttle Radar Topographic
Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area is used to identify the existing
streams that become active in the rainy seasons. Results of this study show that majority of these streams
have been filled with silts and stream beds and floodplains are being used for other activities.
EUE-11
IMPACTS OF URBAN ENVIRONMEENTAL POLLUTION ON LAHORE
FORT, PUNJAB PAKISTAN
Rizwana Anjum, Haider Ali*
The Urban Unit, Urban Sector, Planning and Management Services Unit (USPMSU) (Pvt) Ltd.
5th Floor, Office No.3, Shaheen Complex,Egerton Road, Lahore, PAKISTAN
haider-92@live.com
ABSTRACT
A preliminary investigation of materials, used by Mughals in the Lahore Fort, and their degradation due
to environmental agents has been carried out. The stones used have been petro-graphically characterized.
Yellow marble or `Khattu is a fossiliferous limestone classified as wackestone/biomicrite. Scientifically
speaking all the stones are not marbles. Sang-e-marmar is a true white marble while red sandstone is a
quartz-Hematite cemented quartz arenite. The mortar is a variable admixture of calcite and sand with
subordinate amounts of gypsum, clay, micas and accessories. Nitrates found in black crusts are due to
the action of NOx on Mortars, limestone and marble. The black crusts also contain gypsum which formed
due to the action of SOx on marble/limestone. Human vandalism, growth of plants and lichens on fort
structures and activities of birds are also responsible for deterioration of Lahore Fort. Control of human
vandalism, reduction of air pollution and water seepage control are proposed as remedial measures.
Repair and restoration of the structures of the Lahore Fort in accordance with original formulae and
contemporary conservation methods can help prolong the life of the structures of the Lahore Fort.
EUE-12
MICROSIMULATION OF URBAN TRAFFIC FLOW- A CASE STUDY OF
UNIVERSITY ROAD PESHAWAR
Maryam Akbar*, Rawid Khan*, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah**
*Department of Civil Engineering, university of Engineering and Technology Peshawar,
** Department of Urban Planning, University of Peshawar
engrmaryam_ak@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Traffic cramming is a serious problem in urban areas of Pakistan particularly in Peshawar. A pilot scale
survey was performed regarding traffic volume and travel time data, vehicle specifications and geometry
of the study area and analysis were performed that can be applied to the remaining section of the
University road. Calibration and validation of model was done by comparing the field results of traffic
volume and travel time with results obtained from the micro simulation. After analysis for queue delays,
travel time and traffic flow versus travel time data for different traffic scenarios, maximum queue lengths
and queue stops were observed near U-turning and Right-turning locations. At selected section, the
average speed was found considerably lower than the design. An option of roundabout and a flyover
were used in analysis. Queue delays travel time reduce near U-turns and all the right turning locations of
study area with provision of roundabout or flyover. With provision of flyover, results for traffic flow and
delay were improved.
Disaster Management and Environmental Risk
FAD-04
VEGETABLES FORCING AS AFFECTED BY SUDDEN WEATHER
CHANGES: CURRENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE IMPLICATIONS
Muhammad Fakhar-ud-Din Razi1, Osama Bin Abdul Hafeez1, Nasir Nadeem1, Ishtiaq Ahmad
Rajwana1 and Iqrar Ahmad Khan*
1
UAF Sub-Campus Burewala, Vehari,
* University of Agriculture Faisalabad
mfrazi@uaf.edu.pk, fakharuddin_razi@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Vegetable forcing is a common technique of this era has been widely used by the farmers for early
season to out of season vegetable production. In Pakistan, tunnel farming is the most used form of
vegetable forcing and used for a number of summer vegetables including cucumber, tomatoes, aborigine
, sweet and hot peppers, squashes and melons on a variable scale. This study was conducted in 12
districts of Punjab including Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Khanewal, Vehari, Bahawal Nagar, Sahiwal, Okara,
Nankana Sahib, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Chiniot and Sargodha. A total of 73 farmers with small,
medium and large level tunnel farming were visited in the areas above mentioned. The respondents
(farmers) were asked several questions about their history in tunnel farming, production indices, cost
benefit ratio, problems faced by the growers and tangibly possible solutions regarding their problems. As
a matter of serious concern; 53.4% complained upon fake fertilizer supplies particularly DAP, whereas,
52.1% of the respondents showed very serious concern regarding abrupt weather changes. The
phenomena of global warming was reflected by even those farmers, who did not know about it. The
sudden weather changes proved to be lethal during last cropping season as hail storms annihilated off
season vegetables throughout the district of Pak Pattan and casted severe losses in the rest of the Punjab
Province.
FCE-01
STATUS OF GREEN SEA TURTLE (Chelonia mydas) CONSERVATION IN
PAKISTAN- REVIEW PAPER
Hafsa Bashir1, Amber Khan2, Asma Jabeen*
Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
asma_jee@yahoo.com, hafsabashir07@gmail.com, amberkhan461@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
This study aims to provide information about status of conservation of green sea turtle and education
activities carried out in Pakistan. In Pakistan the sandy beaches of Sindh and Blochistan are important
nesting sites for sea turtles. There are two ongoing conservation projects conducted independently by the
Sindh Wildlife Department (SWD), Ministry of Forest and Wildlife, Govt. of Sindh, and the World Wide
Fund (WWF) for Nature Pakistan. The conservation projects focuses on the protection of nesting
beaches, elimination of predators, transplantation of nests from open beach to protected enclosures,
release of hatchlings, tagging of turtles and reducing the threats. Education and public awareness are
made the necessary part of conservation projects. But still there are many things that are needed to be
considering in achieving the positive results of conservation efforts.
FCE-02
CHLORPYRIFOS INDUCED BEHAVIORAL AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)
Ayesha Munir, Imran Hashmi*
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), SCEE,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
ayesha.environmentalist@gmail.com, hashmi71@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Environmental pollution caused by pesticides, especially in aquatic ecosystems is a serious problem
throughout the world. These contaminants enter into aquatic environment through agriculture runoff and
irrigation water subsequently deteriorates water quality. Fish are ideal sentinels largely used as
bioindicators for detecting and documenting aquatic pollutants. The fish used as biological model in this
study was common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Behavioral and hematological changes were studied in the
experimental period. Water quality parameters in experimental tanks were: temperature (25 ± 2°C), pH
(7.5 ± 0.4), dissolved oxygen (8.6±0.8 mg/L) and total hardness (234 ± 3 mg as CaCO3/L). Acute
toxicity of CPF investigated in semi static tanks for 24, 48, 72 and 96h was 1.53, 1.16, 0.90, and 0.67
μg/L, respectively. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (134, 13.4, 1.34 μg/L) of CPF for 7 d.
The exposure of common carp to CPF resulted in rapid gulping of water, loss of equilibrium, increased
operculum movement, sudden and erratic swimming movement. Hematological profile showed
significant decrease in immunity of fish. Percentage reduction in the phagocytic activity of fish exposed
to 1.34, 13.4, 134 μg/L of chlorpyrifos was 24, 52 and 70%, respectively. This study may be used to
monitor pollution in aquatic environments.
FCE-03
EXTRACTION OF SEAWEED RESOURCES ALONG KARACHI COAST
USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES
Muhammad Danish Siddiqui1, Arjumand Z. Zaidi2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Amjad Ali4, Pirzada
Jamal A. Siddiqui5
Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-information Science
Institute of Space Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Center of Excellence Marine Biology Karachi University
danish769@yahoo.com, arjumand.zaidi@ist.edu.pk, mabdullahsiddiqui88@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to map seaweed in the coastal waters of Karachi. Satellite images of Landsat
8 were used for mapping and analyzing seaweed growth along study area. Different band ratios such as
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Floating Algae Index (FAI) and NIR/SWIR derived
from spectral signatures have been used for analysis and mapping of seaweed patches. Image processing
results have been compared with ground data for accuracy assessment. The results of the study indicated
that near infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands ratio (NIR/SWIR) has identified the field
verified seaweeds patches more precisely as compared to FAI and NDVI.
Natural Resource Management
GWQ-03
EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS FROM TANNERY EFFLUENT ON THE
GROUNDWATER USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS IN PESHAWAR,
PAKISTAN
Ikhtiar Khan*, Muhammad Ateeq* Rakhshan Khurshid **, Asma Shaheen***
*Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
**Department of Biochemistry, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
*** Department of Earth Science, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
ikhtiark2@yahoo.com, ateeqbiochem@gmail.com, asma07igis@gmail.com, rakhshan99@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Water resources are depleting due to intrusion of industrial pollution. The leather tanning is a major
contamination causing industry which uses a lot of water and discharges it with toxic effluents. Untreated
tannery effluents discharged into the environment cause severe groundwater contamination in Peshawar.
This poses a problem of supply of hazard-free drinking water in the rural parts of the country. In order to
assess the extent of groundwater and soil contamination, detailed analysis for groundwater and soil
quality has been carried out. Ground water samples were analyzed for heavy metals by using Graphite
Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GFAAS, Analyst 700, Perkin Elmer). Groundwater samples
were collected during fall 2014 from 20 sites and were analysed for the concentration of heavy metals.
The concentration of chromium was above the permissible limit in 85% of the groundwater samples. The
concentration of cobalt, manganese, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc and iron in the ground water from
Peshawar was also determined. The higher concentration of heavy metals in ground water recorded in
Peshawar was due to the non-point sources, surface run-off, agriculture, municipal waste and the
discharges from leather tanneries. The major cause of water pollution is untreated wastewater disposal
from various industries which is being released into common drainage. The wastewater not only affects
the surrounding land, but also changes the biochemical nature of ground water. This could be due to the
presence of chemicals in tannery wastewater which contaminate and change the biochemical nature of
ground water.
GWQ-07
MICROBIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DRINKING WATER BIOFILMS
USING DIFFERENT PIPE MATERIALS
Maryam Zafar, Imran Hashmi*
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), SCEE, National University of Sciences and
Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
maryamzaffar.environmentalist@gmail.com, hashmi71@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Very little is concerned about the bacterial contamination in drinking water biofilm which provide a
potential source for bacteria to grow and increase rapidly. So as to understand the microbial density in
DWDs, a three month study was carried out. The aim of this study was to examine biofilm in three
different pipe materials including Polyvinyl Chloride, Polypropylene and Galvanized Iron. A set of all
these pipe materials was installed in DWDs at nine different locations and assessed on monthly basis.
Drinking water quality was evaluated by different parameters and characterization of biofilm. Among
various parameters are Temperature, pH, turbidity, TDS, electrical conductivity, BOD, COD, total
phosphates, total nitrates, total organic carbon (TOC) free chlorine and total chlorine, coliforms and
spread plate counts (SPC) according to standard methods. Predominant species were E.coli and
significant increase in bacterial population was observed in GI pipes while least in PPR pipes. The
quantity of DWDs bacteria was directly depended on biofilm bacteria and its increase was correlated
with growth and detachment of bacteria from biofilms. Pipe material also affected the microbial
community in drinking water distribution network biofilm while Similarity in bacterial species was
observed between systems due to same disinfectant dose, time period and plumbing pipes.
GWQ-08
Effect of Heavy Metals from Tannery Effluent on the Groundwater using
Multivariate Analysis in Muridke, Pakistan
Muhammad Ateeq*, Ikhtiar Khan*, Rakhshan Khurshid **, Asma Shaheen***
*Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
*Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
**Department of Biochemistry, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
*** Department of Earth Science, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
ateeqbiochem@gmail.com, asma07igis@gmail.com, ikhtiark2@yahoo.com, rakhshan99@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Water resources are depleting due to intrusion of industrial pollution. The leather tanning is a major
contamination causing industry which uses a lot of water and discharges it with toxic effluents. Untreated
tannery effluents discharged into the environment cause severe groundwater contamination in Muridke.
This poses a problem of supply of hazard-free drinking water in the rural parts of the country. In order to
assess the extent of groundwater and soil contamination, detailed analysis for groundwater and soil
quality has been carried out. Ground water samples were analyzed for heavy metals by using Graphite
Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GFAAS, Analyst 700, Perkin Elmer). Groundwater samples
were collected during fall 2014 from 20 sites and were analysed for the concentration of heavy metals.
The concentration of chromium was above the permissible limit in 85% of the groundwater samples. The
concentration of sodium, cobalt, manganese, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc and iron in the ground water
from Muridke was also determined. The higher concentration of heavy metals in ground water recorded
in Muridke was due to the non-point sources, surface run-off, agriculture, municipal waste and the
discharges from leather tanneries. The major cause of water pollution is untreated wastewater disposal
from various industries which is being released into common drainage. The wastewater not only affects
the surrounding land, but also changes the biochemical nature of ground water. This could be due to the
presence of chemicals in tannery wastewater which contaminate and change the biochemical nature of
ground water.
GWQ-09
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THERAPEUTIC SPRINGS WATER
OF HARIPUR, KPK
Bibi Almas*, Imtiaz Hussain Memon**
Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi,
**Environmental Protection Agency, Islamabad
diamonds.almas@gmail.com, imtiazsaifi@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
A study of Physico-chemical analysis was carried out on three different areas of Haripur, District of
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Three samples of therapeutic spring’s water (mythically known
for curative characteristics) and bore-well groundwater samples (total 6) of Shah Muhammad, Jattipind
and Tarbeela were analyzed physically and chemically by using standard APHA methods for water
analysis. The comparison of analyzed data showed the following concentrations in ground water samples
of TDS<792 mg/L, EC< 812 µS/cm, DO<5.9 mg/L., Hardness as CaCO 3<540 mg/L, and Alkalinity
<472.5mg/L. In the spring water samples the concentrations of TDS, EC, DO., Hardness as CaCO 3, and
Alkalinity were observed very high exceeding the permissible limits. For the minerals analysis Chloride,
Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Sulphate, Sulphide, Chromium, Iron, Magnesium and Calcium were common
anions and cations that were studied. Chloride was the most common mineral found in all springs along
many others minerals with varying concentrations such as Calcium, Magnesium, many were satisfied and
some were not recovered. It is recommended that Ground water quality of Haripur is not too much
satisfactory, so there is need for improvement by the local government by proper management. These
therapeutic springs can be a source of great cultural, aesthetic, and recreational sites by proper
superintendence of government. Sulphates, nitrates and phosphates. Chromium contamination was absent
in ground and spring samples except the Jattipind spring. This proved that the water quality of ground
water was not satisfactory while the spring’s water was not fit for human consumption but their
therapeutic properties were based upon the mineral contents. Social survey was conducted and statements
of people on each spring site were recorded to check out the validity of myths associated with these
springs.
GWR-01
QUANTIFICATION OF CUMULATIVE SEDIMENT TRAPPING BY
MANGLA DAM IN JEHLUM RIVER BASIN
Abdullah Yasar*, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Reenum Anwar, Maimoona Raza Aleena Tahir, Zawar
Haider
Sustainable Development Study Centre,
GC University Lahore, Kachehry Road Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
yasar.abdullah@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The capacity of Mangla Dam is continuously depleting due to heavy load of sedimentation. Water
samples were collected from inlet and outlet of reservoir and physical parameters were quantified in the
laboratory. Secondary data about inflow, outflow and water storage capacity of 1967 to 2010 was
collected and used in study. Result indicated gradual percentage loss in both live and dead storage
capacity of reservoir from 1967 (live, 1.50%; dead, 7.41%) to 2010 (live, 15.84%; dead, 82.40%). Inflow
varied in seasons and different years by change in rainfall and upstream variation in rivers water. Result
stated high sedimentation load by high differences in turbidity, EC and TSS in inlet and outlet of
reservoir. Turbidity values (ftu) of spring in Poonch, Kanshi and Jehlum rivers were 3.96, 19.64 & 558
and in outlet 2.03, 17.61 &555.97 respectively showed a huge difference in both values. It is
recommended that preventive measures are necessary to avoid sedimentation load and increase storage
capacity of reservoir.
Health, Safety and Environment
HEH-02
HEALTH HAZARDS RADIOACTIVE RADON GAS IN DRINKING WATER
OF HAZARA – PAKISTAN
F.Khan1, Z. Wazir2, A. Khan3, M. Ishaq4, M. Fawad5, S.U.Rehman6 and Iftikhar A.Raja7
1’4
Department of Geology, University of Haripur, KPK-Pakistan,
2
Department of Basic Science, Riphah International University , Islamabad-Pakistan
3,5
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, KPK-Pakistan
6
Department of Medical Physics, NORI Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
7
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Abbottabad, Pakistan
fayazk70@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The current survey was carried out in Hazara to measure the radon concentrations in various drinking
water from different sources. These water samples were collected from bore/well water, spring water and
surface water. The samples were collected from all six districts. The measurements were taken on active
technique by using The AB-5 series of portable radiation monitor (Pylon) . These samples were collected
from august 2014 to December 2014. The radon concentrations ranges from 6 to 23.5kB/m 3 , from 3.2
to 21.1kB/m3 and from 1.6 to 10.2kB/m3 with their mean values 16±2.5kB/m3 , 10.2±1.2 kB/m3 and
6.4±0.7kB/m3 in bore/well water, spring water and surface water respectively . The mean effective
doses from radon in these drinking water were 0.044±0.007mSv, 0.028±0.003mSv and 0.017±0.001mSv
in bore/well, spring, and surface water respectively. The mean value of radon concentration in bore water
was above the MCL (maximum contamination level) of 11kB/m3 of USA, while in spring and in surface
water the mean values are below the MCL. The doses received by the people of the area were within the
ICRP-65 recommended value (3-10mSv).
HEH-04
RADON IN DRINKING WATER SOURCES FROM CHAKWAL REGION
1
Z.Wazir, 2F. Khan, , S.U. Rehman3 and Iftikhar A.Raja4
Department of Basic Science Riphah International University Islamabad
2
Department of Geology university of Haripur, KPK
4
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Abbottabad, KPK-Pakistan
3Department of Medical Physics, NORI Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
zafar.wazir@riphah.edu.pk
1
ABSTRACT
The current study was carried out for radon concentration in drinking water in various sources in
Chakwal region of Punjab. The samples of water were collected from bore/well, surface water used by
the area people for drinking purposes. The measurements were taken by active technique using Pylon AB
series. The samples were collected in the month of April, 2015. A total of 50 samples were collected with
one each duplicate sample for 10 samples each. The radon concentrations range from 4.2 to 8.5kBq/m 3
and 2.1 to 5.3kBq/m3 in bore/well and surface water respectively. With mean respective values of
6.5±1.1 kBq/m3 and 4.3±0.7 kBq/m3. The respective doses from bore/well and surface water were
0.018±0.003mSv and 0.012±0.002mSv. the radon level in all the samples were within the limit
recommended by various agencies for example it is 11kBq/m3 by US EPA.
HEH-06
EVALUATION OF WASTEWATER SUITABILITY FOR IRRIGATION AND
ITS IMPACT ON SOIL IN SUBURBAN AREAS OF VEHARI-PAKISTAN
S. Khalid*, M. Shahid, H.F.S.G. Bakhat, G. Abbas, H.M.R. Javeed*, B. Murtaza
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari,
Pakistan
sanakhalid@ciitvehari.edu.pk, muhammadshahid@ciitvehari.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Pakistan is facing a serious shortage of freshwater, which has forced the farmers to use untreated
wastewater for crop irrigation. The use of untreated wastewater has resulted in heavy metal accumulation
in soil and vegetables, and poses a serious threat to human health after consumption of contaminated
food. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,
Vehari to evaluate the suitability of wastewater for irrigation and its impact on soil quality. Soil and
wastewater samples were collected from three locations of Vehari city: (i) Bhatta Ikram-ul-haq Sharqi
colony (ii) 11WB Khanewal road and (iii) Pir Murad. Wastewater samples were evaluated for pH,
electrical conductivity (EC), potassium (K), chlorides, bicarbonates, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and
residual sodium carbonates (RSC). The collected soils were filled in pots. The pots were irrigated with
wastewater at regular intervals. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, EC, Na, Ca, K, and lead (Pb), before
and after plant cultivation. Results revealed that bicarbonates, RSC and EC in wastewater were higher
than the permissible limits recommended by food and agriculture organization (FAO). Wastewater
application increased soil organic matter contents and Pb concentration than control. These results
HSH-02
SOCIO-CULTURAL ACCEPTANCE AND GENDER ISSUES OF PREVAILING SANITARY
FACILITIES IN DISTRICT BATTAGRAM, PAKISTAN
demonstrated that wastewater used in Vehari city is not fit for irrigation purpose.
Abid Hussain1, Aamir Sohail2 and Iftikhar A Raja1
Sustainable Water Sanitation Health and Development programme,
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad,
Pakistan
2
Department of Management Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
abid.environment@gmail.com, amir_shahzad120@yahoo.com
1,3
ABSTRACT
The sanitation system promotes human health by providing clean environment and breaks the cycle of
diseases. In order to be sustainable, a sanitation system has to be not only economically viable and
technically appropriate, but it should also be socially acceptable. This paper evaluates socio-cultural
acceptance and appropriateness of the sanitation systems in District Battagram, Pakistan with respect to
accessibility, acceptability and privacy. The paper also looks into the gender issues faced by the
community due to prevailing sanitation facilities. Study found that in terms of acceptability, majority of
the respondents were satisfied with the sanitation systems installed. However, in case of accessibility,
majority of the household members were not satisfied with the distance between toilets and their houses.
In many localities women and children never leave the house after dark due to the risk involved. Thus
use of any toilet facility outside the house is impossible at night for women and children. The
dissatisfaction of community members with the sanitation systems and the gender issues mostly faced by
the women show that sanitation systems are un-sustainable from socio-cultural perspective.
HSW-01
STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN RICE INDUSTRY
VEHARI
Maryam Lateef*, Syeda Amber Fatima
* Environmental Sciences Department, Comsats Institute of Information Technology Vehari
** Environmental Sciences Department, Kinnaird College for Women Lahore
maryamlateef@ciitvehari.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to observe the occupational health and safety issues and its protective measures
in Lucky Rice Mills, 7-Km, Burewala Road, Vehari, Rice industry falls in the category of agricultural
industry. Some issues are expected in rice industry including: dust, fly ash, noise, suffocation, waste
water contaminants and solid waste etc. These issues can badly effect on the health of workers such as
breathing difficulties, chronic respiratory disorder, skin allergic reactions etc. Poor maintenance of
machines can cause serious injury of workers also. The industry was visited many times to observe the
OSH practices in industry. Data regarding the age of workers, the relations between workers, their
satisfaction about monthly expense, their overall health, their mental health, and coughing or breathing
difficulties due to dust and sleeping difficulties were collected through questionnaire survey. Checklist
was prepared to conduct gap analysis and the results of checklist were analyzed with OSH standards. A
good Housekeeping was observed throughout the industry such as the floor, storage areas, worker rest
room, cupboards and shelves were clean, and the floors were free from dripping of any hazards and the
ventilation system was good with excessive light. Fire extinguishers were placed in a proper place but
sign boards and emergency alarms were not present. There was a trained first aider for emergency. OSH
policy was also not displayed. The emergency contact numbers were not displayed at all the important
points. Switches, plugs were in good condition. Samples of ambient air, drinking water and waste water
were taken and analyzed in the laboratory of industry. It was seen that drinking water and waste water
were within limits and the ambient air qualities were also within limits except PM10. Noise was
monitored in different unit of industry although noise level was high in boiler unit that was 82.5 dB.
Personal protective equipments were in use but ear muffs were not provided. The industry should keep
the record of accidents of workers, warning signs should be displayed and raise the awareness among the
workers with respect to OSH. The overall conditions of OSH in industry were observed good.
HSW-03
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH RISK ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE OF
LABORS TO HIGH CONCENTRATION OF PM10 IN CONSTRUCTION
ACTIVITIES. A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT SWAT [NORTH OF
PAKISTAN]
Rowaidullah, Muhammad Nafees*, Sifatullah**, Bashir Ahmed*** Asmat Ali
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of information Technology Abbottabad,
Pakistan
* Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Pakistan 25000.
** Japan International Corporation Agency Kabul, Afghanistan.
***United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Peshawar Pakistan.
rowaidullah@ciit.net.pk, asmatenv@gmail.com, Nafees36@yahoo.com, Sifat_mukhtar@yahoo.com
drbashir03@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted during 2011-12 in district Swat, with the objective to determine the emission
level of PM10 and its impact on public health. The study area was divided into four sites. Each site was
monitored periodically after every 4 months with the regular interval of 3 hours. By comparing the
acquired data with Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (Pak-NEQS), significant increase
was observed. The highest value was observed at Asphalt plant (Site IV) which was 172.25µg/m3,
followed by site I, III and II which were 162.75 to 162.50µg/m3 against the accepted limit 150µg/m3. To
assess public health, two different questioner surveys were carried out among the labors and the
Community. Labors at Site IV (Asphalt plant) were highly prone to PM10 due to fumes. Labors along
the road side at site-I was comparatively more vulnerable to PM10. Common diseases, like skin
problems, chest problem, eyes irritation and other injuries were common. It was concluded that labors at
works without occupational safety are more likely to serious health diseases. Therefore proper mitigation
measures as mentioned in the EIA report of the project should be taken.
IDI
IDI-01
THE TSUNAMI DISASTER AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON SRI LANKA IN
THE CONTEXT OF HAMBANTOTA DISTRICT
S.W. Amarasinghe1 and Riddley Jayasinghe2
University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka ,
National Institute of Social Development, Sri Lanka,
sarath@soci.ruh.ac.lk, riddleyippswsl@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The 9.1~9.3 magnitude earthquake which took place in Coastal Sumatra triggered tsunami on 26
December 2004 and Sri Lanka was the second largest number of casualties after Indonesia. Around
35000 civilian lives were lost, over one million people were displaced and about 4000 children left
without parents to this disaster. Many people lost their homes, land and properties and mostly their loved
ones causing immense trauma in these families even today. Other than the damages caused by tsunami to
the lives and infrastructure of the affected communities, it drastically damaged the fishing economy
and the livelihoods of the people living in the coastal belt of the island. Goonatillake 2007. The impact
on coastal fishing communities and residents of the affected area, some of the poorest in the region, has
been devastating with high losses of income earners as well as boats and fishing gear. Preliminary
estimates indicate that 66% of the fishing fleet and industrial infrastructure in coastal regions have been
destroyed by the wave surges, which will have adverse economic effects both at local and national levels.
FAO 2005. The destructive impacts on the coastal environment and infrastructure caused by the tsunami
was vicious to emerge various other negative outcomes to affected communities. Spread of solid and
liquid waste and industrial chemicals, water pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and
treatment plants threaten the environment even further, in untold ways. The damage to the environment
will make it even more difficult for coastal populations to rebuild their livelihoods and resume
agricultural or freshwater aquaculture activities. Rego 2015.
The research problem of this study is to investigate the role and the significance of incorporating social
work and counseling methodologies in the implementation of rebuilding and rehabilitation strategies in
the tsunami affected areas of southern Sri Lanka in the context of Hambantota district.
IDM-01
FLOOD MODELING OF KUNHAR RIVER USING HYDROLOGIC AND
HYDRAULIC MODELING
Arjumand Z. Zaidi
Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-information Science
Institute of Space Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
arjumand.zaidi@ist.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The study presented in this paper uses the advance geospatial hydraulic and hydrologic techniques to
model the extent of flood in Kunhar River, a tributary of Jhelum River flowing through the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Data acquired for flood modeling are 30 meter ASTER Digital
Elevation Model (DEM), Google Earth image of 2015 and flow gauge readings. The watershed
boundaries and Kunhar River main stem are delineated with the help of DEM using ArcGIS software
tool Arc Hydro. HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS are used for hydraulic modeling. HEC-GeoRAS is an
extension of ArcGIS that is used for pre-processing of data to create a geo-referenced HEC-RAS
geometry layer. Hydraulic analysis is done in one dimension flood simulating model HEC-RAS by
importing RAS layer, inputting flow data and running the model. Post-processing of HEC-RAS modeled
flood is conducted by importing RAS output file in HEC-GeoRAS. Flood mapping using geospatial
techniques and hydraulic modeling are helpful for disaster management authorities to develop early
warning systems in the vulnerable areas and to respond and recover from emergency situations during
flood events. The extent of flood modeled in this study can also be used for delineating flood risk zone in
Kunhar River basin.
Special Symposia
SEI-03
IMPACT OF CLIMATIC VARIABILITY ON SALT PRODUCTION IN
SAMBHAR LAKE, A RAMSAR WETLAND OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Aamir Bhat and K.C. Sharma
Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Kishangarh
305817, Ajmer, India
aamirbhatenv@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Climate and weather conditions affect almost every industry in nearly every country. Over the coming
decades climate change could potentially have impacts on many industries. For example, salt production,
particularly in developing regions of the world is likely to be hard hit by climate change over the coming
decades. Sambhar Lake has a wealth that support diverse and unique habitats of ecosystem. In this
context, the importance of temperature and rainfall for salt production is highlighted in this paper. This
paper briefly describes Indices such as frequencies of daily minimum and maximum temperature,
monthly rainfall, number of rainy days in each month, annual rainfall and total number of rainy days in a
year. The analysis of the data revealed that the rainfall pattern has changed slightly during the years of
study. The monthly number of rainy days has increased during the monsoon season for the period from
2010 to 2013.The analysis shows that the change in temperature and rainfall patterns of climatic shift
which may affect the salt production. It was observed from data that during the years in which annual
rainfall was less the salt production was while as during the years in which annual rainfall was higher the
salt production was low.