Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 AMST 356-01: Television & Social Change Georgetown University: American Studies Program Fall 2012 Mondays & Wednesdays, 12:30pm – 1:45pm. Reynolds 131 Stephen Skip Lane Office Hours @ CarBarn 318k: Monday 11:30am and/or by appointment Telephone: 609.468.0444 Email: sl322@georgetown.edu Overview As society has changed, so have the representations and interpretations exhibited on television. Do these representations affect public events/cultural attitudes? Or, do they merely mirror the way we think of ourselves? Throughout the semester, we will seek to view these reciprocal causations, and more in the larger context of 20th Century United States history. We’ll see how television (& radio before it) functions as a “historiography”; how it participates in dominant ways of thinking, uses gender and race in its programs and industry structures, challenges the dominant social system, and generally contributes to our ongoing social power shifts. In short, we will interpret the role of television in our culture. Meanwhile, we will explore the impact emerging communication technologies have on the creation of these representations and messages. This course ponders the question, Is television a primary source of significant societal change or just a component of larger movements? To analyze, we must first evaluate television as an institution: an enduring entity and/or organization that plays an important role in maintaining society. From there, we will inspect the process: the production, distribution, and consumption of content. What do the programs signify? How, where, and in what form do the messages embedded within the content come to us? Lastly, how is it that some of us interpret these meanings different from others? Objective The course has two objectives: 1) to enhance your appreciation of cultural history and communication theory; 2) to enable you to look at the cultural artifacts we produce, as well as the mass media though which they are disseminated, and anticipate potential change in attitudes and trends that may emerge in the future. REQUIRED TEXTS (available @ Bookstore or online): Minow, Newton N., and Craig L. LaMay. Abandoned in the wasteland: children, television, and the First Amendment. New York: Hill and Wang. 1995 Most the reading and video materials are posted on Blackboard and at the library website through E-Reserves & Gelardin’s Sharestreaming. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 READINGS AND PARTICIPATION: I would like this to be a true seminar, a course where you learn from each other. I will give brief talks, at least in the first few weeks, drawing on both your readings and other material. I will not repeat the readings in my talks. Each class will begin with a brief discussion of current events. Please bring to class any topics relating to our coursework that interests you. Your classmates and I want to hear from you. We want to know what you think about, and what you’ve read and learned from other courses. I am a big fan of the Internet tool, Blackboard. Therefore, we will be relying heavily on its resources. Please visit our site often to check for additions. Part of your class participation grade will be determined by the contributions you provide on our blog. You should post at least once a week; during weeks in which there is limited readings and/or an interesting development within the Public Sphere, you MUST POST AT LEAST ONE COMMENT OF SUBSTANCE! I appreciate that everyone is not equally comfortable speaking up in class. Therefore, it is especially important for those that do not frequently contribute verbally to compensate by posting & commenting more often. I intend to post on Blackboard any PowerPoint slides used in class prior to the time that we meet. This should NOT be interpreted as a substitute for attendance. Assigned readings and videos are to be completed before the date on the syllabus. As this course emphasizes close textual analysis, it is to your advantage to read carefully the daily assignments. Again, be prepared to participate! CLASS ATTENDANCE: Arriving on time is mandatory. Attendance is mandatory. Cellphones are to be turned off. Absences beyond three sessions will result in grade reductions. For example, upon the fourth absence, a grade of A would become an A-; at the fifth absence, it would become a B+, etc. Persistent lateness will be treated as an absence. In addition, university holidays begin & end on the date and the hour so designated in the registrar’s calendar. GRADING: An A represents outstanding or exceptional work. A B grade indicates competent, satisfactory work. A C grade is assigned to work that merely fulfills the conditions of the assignment. A D grade will be given to work that does not fulfill the conditions of the assignment or is lacking in some important way. An F is a failing grade and would be given only if assignments were extremely poorly executed, or in the case of plagiarism or other failure to adhere to norms of academic honesty. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 Final Grading Scale: 92% and higher: 90-91 88-89: 82-87: 80-81 78-79: 70-77: 60-69: Below 60%: A AB+ B BC+ C D F Your final grade will be determined from the following distribution: 20% - Class & Blog participation 10% - 1 Pop-Quiz 10% - 5-minute video 25% - Ideology paper 35% - Final paper GRADED ASSIGNMENTS: PLEASE NOTE: Written assignments are due at beginning of class! A hard copy should be brought to class, and a digital copy should be submitted through Blackboard. I utilize the service, turnitin®. Late assignments will be marked down at a rate equivalent to one plus/minus letter grade per 24 hours. All assignments must be typed, double-space, following these guidelines: A. Margins: No larger than 1” around B. Font size: No larger than 12 pt. C. Indent paragraphs D. Staple securely E. White paper and black ink only. F. APA or MLA style of documentation for research papers G. Proof read & edit!!! 3-5 minute Video Each student must post on the blog a video to show in class a 3-5 minute video that is really cool. It can be one piece that you want to share with the rest of us (say, a 3-year old Tiger Woods on Merv Griffin or John Lennon being interviewed by Dick Cavett;) or a compilation of related materials (maybe 5, 1-minute Hertz RentalCar commercials featuring O.J. Simpson.) Regardless, you need to explain what makes it unique and why you find it interesting. Your audience (the rest of the class) will decide if it “cuts the mustard”... if it doesn’t you’ll try again! Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 Ideology/Identity Paper (Mid-term) (5 - 7 pages in length) Select a television series that premiered prior to 1990 and analyze how “Ideology” or “Identity” is prevalent. What social tenet is presented, and is it a change from the status quo? Identify how the messaging is produced, transmitted, and hypothesize its consumption... both intended and actual. How does the time-period in which the episodes were made shape the narrative... or visa versa? How does the program(s) portray the time-period (or, frame it?) and how is this portrayal different from what we consider today? The basic constructs of our course’s analysis must be included. (Need to watch numerous episodes.) Final Project (17-20 pages in length) Select a “Television Event” and describe how the medium presented it to the audience. Discuss who was the audience (intended &/or not;) what was the narrative created/used; which ideologies were “played” within the texts; how it fit within the time-period in which it occurred; and its short & long-term consequences on society. This assignment can be a traditional research paper or you may be creative and develop a nontraditional project (with prior approval.) If a paper, it should be 17-20 pages in length, adhere to the proper form (Chicago Manual of Style, MLA, etc.), and contain footnotes and a bibliography. If a nontraditional presentation, you can employ any number of formats–a PowerPoint presentation, a short film, a website, etc. Whatever format is employed, the project must meet the same criteria. You should state a clear thesis/position on the issue. You should support your argument using the course readings, lectures, and discussions, as well as real-world observations. You are encouraged to bring in other sources. Grading will be based on the event you select, comprehension of the time-period & subject, and strength of analysis. Projects will be evaluated on thesis, organization, evidence, and style. ACADEMIC HONESTY AND STUDENT RIGHTS: You are required to uphold academic honesty in all aspects of the course, especially on papers. If you have any questions about conforming to rules regarding the proper format for citations, or what constitutes plagiarism, I will be happy to talk with you. Students agree that by taking this course all required papers may be subject to submission for a Textual Similarity Review to Turnitin.com for the detection of plagiarism. All submitted papers will be added as source documents in the Turnitin.com reference database solely for the purpose of detecting plagiarism of such papers in the future. Use of the Turnitin.com service is subject to the terms of use agreement posted on the Turnitin.com site. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Statement: It is Georgetown University’s policy to provide reasonable accommodations to students with disabilities under the ADA. At the beginning of each semester, any student with a disability should inform the course instructor if instructional accommodations or academic adjustments will be needed. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 August 29 (WEDNESDAY!!!): Introduction The objective of this class is to preview the upcoming semester. We will discuss what is to be covered, and more importantly – what will not... Expectations, introductions, and all that housekeeping stuff… Assignments – Grading Criteria Inter-disciplinary approach Why should we care? Understanding the impact television has on society, and the impact society has on television. ASSIGNMENT: Please post your Introduction on our course blog by Sept. 3. September 3: NO CLASS! September 5: Theoretical Constructs The objective of this class is to introduce theoretical constructs and terminologies that will enable us to better understand the texts, sub-texts and representations within cultural productions and their actors (in other words... Television & its content!) Theoretical vs. Practical How does the diffusion of a new communication platform affect cultural production? Persuasion What are “Social Norms”? Readings: Todd Gitlin, Flat and Happy, The Wilson Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Autumn, 1993), pg. 47-55. James Rosenau and Mary Durfee, The Need for Theory, in Rosenau and Durfee, Thinking Theory Thoroughly: Coherent Approaches to an Incoherent World (Bouder, CO: Westview Press, 1995), pg. 1-8. Lazarsfeld and Merton, “Mass Communication, Popular Taste, and Organized Social Action”. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 September 10: Theoretical Constructs: Representations & Codes Take Note: This is a really crucial session... lot’s to review & essential for you to grasp this material!!!! How individual characteristics influence the sending, receiving, and processing of strategic communication messages ProductionDistributionConsumptionFeedback Semiotics Representations Framing (Death Insurance before it was Life Insurance) Coding Reading: Stuart Hall, Encoding/Decoding Berger, Arthur Asa., Chapter 3: The Social Dimension of Media Aesthetics, Media and Society: A Critical Perspective. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. Richard Dyer, The Role of Stereotypes, The Matter of Images, pg. 11 – 17. Horace Newcomb and Paul Hirsch, Television as a Cultural Forum, in Newcomb, Horace. Television: The Critical View. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, pg. 561 – 573. September 12: Texts & Narratives VISIT TO THE LIBRARY!!! We’ll finish Monday’s discussion on messaging... and parse what we mean by “texts”. Equally, important, our Librarian will show us how to efficiently find the plethora of resources the Library & Internet makes available. Readings: Browne, Nick. The Political Economy of the Television (Super) Text, In American Television: New Directions in History and Theory. Langhorne, Pa: Harwood Academic Pub, 1994. pg. 69 – 79. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 Abbott, H. Porter. “Narrative and Life”, in The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. pg. 1 – 11. Jurgen Habermas, The Public Sphere. Cass Sunstein, The Daily Me. 2001. also found online @: http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/s7014.html September 17: History of TV & our Public Policies How did this amazing technology come to be such a cultural force? Was it destined to be from the beginning? How did it evolve? They knew!!!! Readings: Minow, Newton N., and Craig L. LaMay. Abandoned in the Wasteland: Children, Television, and the First Amendment. New York: Hill and Wang, 1995, Chapter 2 (starting on page 81). Monroe E. Price, Red Lion and the Constitutionality of Regulation: A Conversation Among the Justices, Digital Broadcasting and the Public Interest, Charles M. Firestone, ed. The Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program. 1998. MacDonald, J. Fred. One Nation Under Television: The Rise and Decline of Network TV. New York: Pantheon Books, 1990, Chapter 6: Of Scandal and Power, The Quiz Show Scandals, and Change in the Industry; Chapter 8: Limitations on Monopoly. http://www.jfredmacdonald.com/onutv/scandal.htm http://www.jfredmacdonald.com/onutv/quiz.htm http://www.jfredmacdonald.com/onutv/changes.htm http://www.jfredmacdonald.com/onutv/monopoly.htm September 19: Genre What do we mean by “genre”? Why is it important? Is it a ‘static’ theory? Where did the genres of which we are familiar come from? Reading: Jason Mittell, A Cultural Approach to Television Genre Theory, Cinema Journal, Vol. 40, No. 3 (Spring, 2001), pp. 3-24. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 Brian Rose, TV Genres Re-Viewed, Journal of Popular Film & Television, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Spring 2003) pg. 2 – 4. Ella Taylor, From the Nelsons to the Huxtables: Genre and Family Imagery in American Network Television, Qualitative Sociology, Vol. 12, No. 1 (1989) pg. 13 – 28. Richard Adler, Flow, in Adler, Richard, and Douglass Cater. Television As a Cultural Force. New York: Praeger, 1976, pg. 7 – 10. Simonini, Ross. “The Sitcom Digresses.” New York Times, November 23, 2008, Sunday Magazine section. Sept. 24: Representations: Ideology What do we mean by Ideology? How is it contained within Television (& Television Studies?) Ideology comprises of: Public Policy Our perspectives on the content of Children’s television. What does it mean to be an “American”? Readings: Todd Gitlin, Prime Time Ideology: The Hegemonic Process in Television Entertainment, Social Problems, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Feb., 1979), pg. 251 - 266. Paula S. Fass, Television as Cultural Document: Promises and Problems, in Adler, Richard, and Douglass Cater. Television As a Cultural Force. New York: Praeger, 1976, pg. 37 – 57. Stark, Steven D., Glued to the Set: The 60 Television Shows and Events That Made Us Who We Are Today, Chapter 11, The Ed Sullivan Show and the Era of Big Government; Chapter 12, Gunsmoke and Television’s Lost Wave of Westerns; Chapter 13, American Bandstand and the Clash of Rock and TV; Chapter 16, The Twilight Zone: Science Fiction as Realism; Chapter 21, The Beverly Hillbillies and the Rise of Populist Television; Chapter 28, The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour and the Fate. New York: Free Press, 1997. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 September 26: Ideology (Cont.)... Children! It’s all about the Children!!!!! Readings: Minow, Newton N., and Craig L. LaMay. Abandoned in the Wasteland: Children, Television, and the First Amendment. New York: Hill and Wang, 1995, Chapter 1, Chapter 3, Appendix 2: Speeches. MacDonald, J. Fred. One Nation Under Television: The Rise and Decline of Network TV. New York: Pantheon Books, 1990, Chapter 7, Talking Back to TV: Newton Minow. http://www.jfredmacdonald.com/onutv/talkingback.htm Watch a video of some children’s television program from the 50s-60s & one from contemporary time. October 1: Representations of America, the Nuclear Family... and Mommy! Readings: Beth Olson and William Douglas, The Family on Television: Evaluation of gender roles in situation comedy, Sex Roles, Vol. 36, No. 5/6. pg. 409-427. Stark, Steven D., Glued to the Set: The 60 Television Shows and Events That Made Us Who We Are Today, Chapter 15, Leave it to Beaver and the Politics of Nostalgia; Chapter 19, The Dick Van Dyke Show and the Rise of Upscale Television; Chapter 33, All in the Family and the Sitcom “Revolution”, New York: Free Press, 1997. Watch one episode from each the following series: Leave it to Beaver, The Cosby Show (pilot), Rosanne, & The Simpsons. Substitutions allowed w/ prior approval. IDEOLOGY PAPER TOPIC DUE!!! October 3: Time & Space What do we mean by “time”? How is it exploited? How do new technologies alter our accepted norms? What are the repercussions of its relevance changing as it has? Generations; eras Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 Seasons Day Parts Units o Hours, minutes, seconds o Story telling: 1st, 2nd, 3rd Acts Narrative Device Likewise, how does the concept of “space” apply to television? Not only the Final Frontier type... but where we consume television counts, too. What are the repercussions of how we utilize our new devices alter this aspect of “space”? Tavern vs. Living Room Urban, Suburban, Rural Domestic vs. Global Readings: Anna McCarthy, “The Front Row is Reserved for Scotch Drinkers”: Early Television’s Tavern Audience, in Cinema Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Summer 1995), pg. 31 – 49. Kelly, Kevin. “Becoming Screen Literate,” New York Times, November 23, 2008, Sunday Magazine section. Bruce Bawer, The Other Sixties, The Wilson Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Spring, 2004), pp. 64-84. October 8: NO CLASS October 10: Television as a Business Show-Biz, Baby!!! Who Luvs ‘ya? Readings: James R. Walker & Ferguson, The Broadcast Television Industry, Chapter 3, The Economics of Broadcast Television, Allyn and Bacon, Boston. 1998, pg. 42 – 63. Stark, Steven D., Glued to the Set: The 60 Television Shows and Events That Made Us Who We Are Today, Disneyland and the creation of the seamless entertainment web, New York: Free Press, 1997, pg. 52 – 56. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 Banks, Jack, Keeping “Abreast” of MTV and Viacom: The Growing Power of a Media Conglomerate, A Companion to Television. Wasko, Janet (ed). Blackwell Publishing, 2005. Ofcom Review of Public Service Television Broadcasting, Phase 1 – Is Television Special? Office of Communications, United Kingdom. 2004. For more information : http://www.ofcom.org.uk/ & the complete report: http://search.ofcom.org.uk/search?q=cache:Li8hpmJv7e8J:stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/bin aries/consultations/psb/summary/psb.pdf+is+television+special&access=p&output=xml_ no_dtd&ie=UTF-8&client=ofcom-redesign&site=site&proxystylesheet=ofcomredesign&oe=UTF-8 October 15: STU SMILEY - GUEST MID-TERM PAPERS DUE!!! October 17: The International Marketplace At this moment, thousands of television & media executives from all over the world are assembling in Cannes, France to barter, trade, and purchase programming from each other... oh, they are also drinking and eating a lot while gawking at swimsuit-less bathers. C’est Bien! Readings: Timothy Havens, ‘The Biggest Show in the World’ Race and the global popularity of The Cosby Show, Media, Culture & Society, July 2000, 22: 371-391. Amandine Cassi, Television Scores in 2011! A Panorama of Worldwide TV Consumption, a white paper for MIPTV & MIPCOM. www.mipworld.com October 22: Media Events They’re one-time occurrences, yet they shape history. Television has become not only the “Elephant in the Room”, but the Gorilla, too. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 Readings: Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz, Television Ceremonial Events, in Berger, Arthur Asa. Television in Society. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1987. Pg. 41 – 53. Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz, Defining Media Events: High Holidays of Mass Communication, in Newcomb, Horace. Television: The Critical View. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. [an excerpt from this article] Lynn Spigel, Entertainment Wars: Television Culture after 9/11, American Quarterly, Vol. 56, No. 2 (Jun., 2004), pg. 235-270. Stark, Steven D., Glued to the Set: The 60 Television Shows and Events That Made Us Who We Are Today, Chapter 20, Space Television; Chapter 22, Assassination Television. New York: Free Press, 1997. October 24: Sports on Television (btw, The World Series starts...) The assignment for this session may change. Please discuss with me prior to doing the readings. Readings: Michael A. Messner, Taking the Field: Women, men, and Sports, Chapter 4: Center of Attention: The Gender of Sports Media. Garry Whannel, Media Sports Stars: Masculinities and Moralities, Chapter 5: Narrativity and Biography and Conclusion. Phil Schaaf, Sports, Inc.: 100 years of Sports Business, Sell, Sell, Sell. pg. 317 – 341. October 29: The NEWS Readings: John W. Whitehead, How to Watch the News, The Rutherford Institute, June, 2005. More to be assigned... Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 October 31: War Who was Bob Hope? What were those USO Shows all about? Please do some independent research on him and the Christmas Shows. Readings: Rick Worland, The Other Living-room War: Prime time Combat Series, 1962 1975, Journal of Film and Video, Vol. 50, No. 3 (Fall 1998), pg. 3 – 23. Stark, Steven D., Glued to the Set: The 60 Television Shows and Events That Made Us Who We Are Today, Chapter 27, Mission: Impossible and Its Cold War Fight to Save America; Chapter 42, The Oddly Winning Dark Sensibility of M*A*S*H, New York: Free Press, 1997. Watch one episode from each the following series: Combat, Rat Patrol, & M*A*S*H. ASSIGNMENT for Monday.: Go online to the websites listed on Blackboard and find three Political Ads from different years that you will want to discuss. November 5: Presidential Elections How does the way candidates present themselves identify where the country is, ideologically? In addition to these readings you need to review the numerous External Links focusing on campaigns. Readings: Eric P. Bucy & Maria Elizabeth Grabe, Taking Television Seriously: A Sound and Image Bite Analysis of Presidential Campaign Coverage, 1992-2004. Journal of Communications, (2007) pg. 652 – 675. Julia R. Fox, Glory Koloen, & Volkan Sahin, No Joke: A Comparison of Substance in The Daily Show with Presidential Election Campaign, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Vol. 51, No. 2 pg. 213 – 227. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 Glenn W. Richardson, Pulp Politics: Popular Culture and Political Advertising, Rhetoric & Public Affairs. Vol. 3. No. 4 (2000) pg. 603-626. Watch: The Living Room Candidate & The 30 Second Candidate on the web. (Blackboard – External Links) November 7: Election Coverage Be prepared to discuss, in depth, the television coverage of Election Night. Readings: Putnam, Robert D. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Thinking About Social Change in America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001 Watch: The Election Coverage on a “Major Network” & a Cable Network. November 12: Representations: Identity... Gender For a society that so strongly embraces the metaphor: Melting Pot... do we adequately appreciate how we represent it? Gender Race Ethnicity Age Readings: Julie D’Acci, Television, Representation and Gender, in Allen, Robert Clyde, and Annette Hill, The Television Studies Reader. London: Routledge, 2004. pg. 373 – 388. Lauren Rabinovitz, Sitcoms and Single Moms: Representations of Feminism on American TV, Cinema Journal, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Autumn 1989.) pg. 3 – 19. Kimberly R.Walsh, Elfriede Fürsich, and Bonnie S. Jefferson. Beauty and the Patriarchal Beast: Gender Role Portrayals in Sitcoms Featuring Mismatched Couples. Journal Of Popular Film & Television, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Fall 2008.) pg.123 - 132. David Zurawik, Learning to be “More American” – The Goldbergs, The Jews of Prime Time. Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 November 14: Gender (in Programs) Readings: Stark, Steven D., Glued to the Set: The 60 Television Shows and Events That Made Us Who We Are Today, Chapter 19, The Mary Tyler Moore Show and America’s Newest “Families”; Chapter 53, How Roseanne Made Trash TV Respectable. New York: Free Press, 1997. Watch one episode from each decade that features a contemporary woman as lead/primary character. November 19: Representations: Identity... Race Readings: Herman Gray, The Politics of Representation in Network Television, in Newcomb, Horace. Television: The Critical View. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, pg. 282 - 305. MacDonald, J. Fred. Blacks and White TV African Americans in Television Since 1948. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers, 1992. Chapter 13, Blacks in Television in the Early 1970s. http://www.jfredmacdonald.com/bawtv/bawtv13.htm Justin Lewis and Sut Jhally, Affirming Inaction: Television and the Politics of Racial Representation, n.d. Web. 21 Aug. 2012. www.sutjhally.com http://www.sutjhally.com/articles/affirminginaction/ James Craig Holte, Unmelting Images: Film, Television, and Ethnic Stereotyping, Melus, Vol. 11: “Ethnic Images in Popular Genres and Media”, No. 3 (Autumn, 1984.) pg. 101108. SUGGESTED: Watch: American Pop, by Ralph Bakshi. November 21: Race (in Programs) - THANKSGIVING AFTER CLASS Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 Watch one episode from each decade that features an African-American as lead/primary character or deals with an issue related to race. November 26: Reality Television So, what IS reality? (Sorry, I couldn’t resist...) Readings: Cummins, Walter M., and George G. Gordon. Programming Our Lives: Television and American Identity. Chapter 5, Amateurs Performing: “Reality” Television, Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2006. pg. 37 – 48. Stark, Steven D., Glued to the Set: The 60 Television Shows and Events That Made Us Who We Are Today, Chapter 24 The Dating Game, Game Shows, and the Rise of Tabloid TV. New York: Free Press, 1997. November 28: New Technologies & The Ubiquitous Camera How have electronic media technologies changed? What other changes are yet to come? What will it mean to our culture? Readings: Rob Walker, “Repeat Business,” New York Times, November 23, 2008, Sunday Magazine section. Jane Roscoe, Multi-Platform Event Television: Reconceptualizing our Relationship with Television, The Communication Review, London: Taylor & Francis, Vol. 7, No. 4 (2004) pg. 363 – 369. December 3: Open TBD Initial Draft as of 8/27/12 December 5 LAST CLASS TBD