國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 肌動學期末考試
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請注意題號不要弄錯
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 肌動學期末考試
Multiple Choice:
Directions: Beneath each of the following questions are four lettered phrases or sentences marked
(a), (b), (c), and (d), but ONLY ONE best fits the answer. Please decide which one is the closest
correct answer. Then, write down the corresponding letter of the answer you have chosen on your
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following statements about the gait cycle is NOT TRUE ?
a. A gait cycle is composed of stance and swing phases. The duration of the stance
phase is approximately 62% of a gait cycle.
b. One stride is composed 2 steps. The length of a stride is equal to the total length of
2 steps.
c. The stance phase is composed of initial contact, midstance, and propulsive phases.
The duration of the initial contact period is approximately 27% of the stance phase.
d. The double stance phase is about 22% of the gait cycle totally during a comfortable
walking.
2. According to the definition from the Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, the swing
phase is composed of _____, ______, and ______ phases from toe off to heel strike.
a. acceleration; midswing; deceleration
b. deceleration; midswing; acceleration
c. initial swing; midswing; terminal swing
d. terminal swing; midswing; initial swing
3. The main factor to distinguish walking and running is
a. the speed
b. the pattern of heel strike
c. the presence of double support phase
d. the angle of hip flexion
4. The action of dorsiflexor (tibialis anterior) during the period from initial contact to foot
flat is to lower down the foot by _____ contraction.
a. concentric
b. eccentric
c. isometric
d. Isokinetic
5. Transverse rotation of the pelvis during the double stance period is to lengthen the
distance from pelvis to the floor because the center of body mass is at its _____ level
during this period.
a. highest
b. middle
c. lowest
d. neutral
6. Walking velocity increases when _____ decreases.
a. cadence
b. angle of toe out
c. stride length
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d. walking speed
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 肌動學期末考試
7. A person walks 2.1 kilometers within 30 minutes and the total steps are 3300. Which
of the following parameters about his gait is NOT TRUE?
a. cadence = 110 steps
b. velocity = 70 m/minute
c. step length = 1.6 m
d. stride length = 1.2 m
8. Which of the following motions is NOT classified as locomotion?
a. ambulation
b. hand walking c. creeping
d. amputation
9. According to convex-concave rule, hip flexion is accompanied with _____ gliding of the
femoral head on the acetabulum.
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
10. Anteversion is used to describe the deformity when
a. the angle of inclination is greater than normal (average = 150)
b. the angle of inclination is less than normal (average = 150)
c. the angle of torsion is less than normal (average =15)
d. the angle of torsion is greater than normal (average = 15)
11. Which of the following ligament stabilize the hip joint from within (從關節內部)?
a. iliofemoral
b. pubofemoral
c. ischiofemoral
d. teres femoris
12. The Trendelenburg gait (瑪麗蓮夢露步態) is characterized by the pelvis dropping to the
unsupported leg. Which of the following muscles may be weak or paralyzed (麻痺)?
a. gluteus medius of the stance leg
c. gluteus minimus of the stance leg
b. gluteus medius of the unsupported leg
d. gluteus minimus of the unsupported leg
13. In question 12, if the right leg is the stance leg, the motion of pelvis during the
Trendelenburg gait is defined as ______.
a. lateral tilt to the left
b. lateral tilt to the right
c. anterior tilt
d. posterior tilt
14. When a person lies down on the table and raises one of his legs toward the ceiling with
knee extension, which of the following muscles is stretched (拉長) because of the
nature of two-joint muscle?
a. the rectus femoris
c. the biceps brachii
b. the gastrocnemius
d. the hamstring
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 肌動學期末考試
15. As the same motion in Question 14, which of the pelvic motion will follow if both legs
are raised?
a. lateral tilt to the left
c. anterior tilt
b. lateral tilt to the right
d. posterior tilt
16. An ideal erect posture is the posture which
a. represents the average posture of most people.
b. changes with the body type and size
c. presents an alignment of less biomechanical efficiency
d. requires a minimum stress and strain
17. When an individual stands erect, the line of gravity passes through the vertebral bodies
of _____ spine.
a. cervical and lumbar
b. cervical and thoracic
c. thoracic and lumbar
d. cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
18. When an individual stands erect, the line of gravity passes anterior to the center of the
following joints EXCEPT
a. ankle
b. knee
c. hip
d. facet joint of the lumbar spine
19. Development may be a factor resulting a poor posture. The adolescent may have soft
tissue tightness because the bone grows _____ the muscle.
a. more rapid than
b. equal to
c. less rapid than
20. When the whole pelvis tilts posteriorly as an individual stands erect, which of the
following motions does NOT occur?
a. the right PSIS moves downwards
b. the left PSIS moves downwards
c. the right ASIS moves upwards
d. the right ASIS is lower than the left one
21. As the same motion in Question 20: the lumbar lordosis _____ because the lumbar spine
is _____ following posterior tilt of the pelvis at stance.
a. increases; flexed
b. increases; extended
c. decreases; flexed
d. decreases; extended
22. As the same motion in Question 20: the _____ muscles contracts _____ to complete this
backward tilt of the pelvis.
a. abdominal; concentrically
b. abdominal; eccentrically
c. iliopsoas; concentrically
d. iliopsoas; eccentrically
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 肌動學期末考試
23. In an ideal erect posture, which of the following muscles is NOT necessary to act for
maintenance of this erect posture?
a. the calf muscles
c. the quadriceps
b. the hamstrings
d. the gluteus muscles
24. Concerning an individual with anterior tilt of the pelvis, which of the following
statements is NOT TRUE?
a. The abdominal muscles are elongated.
b. The hamstrings are in the shorted position.
c. The back extensor may be stronger than the abdominal muscles.
d. The hip flexors are tight.
25. The function of the meniscus in the knee joint is
a. to absorb the ground impact during weight bearing
b. to stabilize the patella during knee flexion
c. to provide the mechanical leverage of the quadriceps
d. to prevent excessive anterior displacement of the tibia
26. Which of the following ligament is NOT designed for stabilization of the joint?
a. the anterior cruciate ligament
b. the anterior talofibular ligament
c. the anterior longitudinal ligament
d. the ligamentum of flavum
27. When the right sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts, the head is extended, sidebent to
the ______, and rotated to the _____.
a. right, right
b. right, left
c. left, right
d. left, left
28. Concerning with the development of the spinal curve, which of the following statements
is NOT TRUE?
a. At the birth, the spinal column is convex backward.
b. The cervical lordosis is developed as the infant raises its head in the prone position.
c. The thoracic lordosis is developed as the infant starts to creep around.
d. The lumbar lordosis is developed as the infant assumes to stand up.
29. The major function of the _____ is to hold the odontoid process (dens) of the axis firmly
on the anterior arch of the atlas.
a. posterior longitudinal ligament
b. ligamentum of flavum
c. anterior longitudinal ligament
d. anterior transverse ligament
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 肌動學期末考試
30. All of the following joints between the atlas and the axis are synovil joints EXCEPT the
a. anterior atlantoaxial joint
c. uncovertebral joint
b. right facet joint
d. left facet joint
31. A forward head posture indicates _____ of the lower cervical spine and _____ of the
upper cervical spine.
a. flexion , extension
b. extension, flexion
c. sidebending to one side, rotation to the opposite side
d. sidebending to one side, rotation to the same side
32. Which of the following motions occurs mainly in the altanto-occipital joint?
a. active flexion/extension in cervical neutral position
b. active rotation in cervical neutral position
c. active flexion/extension in cervical maximum rotated position
d. active rotation in cervical maximum flexed position
33. In lumbar region, the orientation of the facets of the apophyseal joint (facet joint) is
typically
a. in the frontal plane with some oblique angulation toward the transverse plane
b. in the sagittal plane with some curvature in the frontal plane
c. exactly in the frontal plane
d. in the transverse plane
34. Concerning with the lumbar disc, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. Most of the body weight bearing is through the disc rather than the facet joints.
b. Forward bending exerts a posterior force on the nucleus that is forced to move
posterior.
c. The lumbar discs are supported by both anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
and these two ligaments are as strongly as these in the cervical spine.
d. The lumbar disc consists of 80-90 % of water.
the elderly people.
This proportion of water decreases in
35. Concerning with the Q angle, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. The Q angle describes the angle formed by the mechanical axis of the femur and the
line representing the patella.
b. Increase in the Q angle will pull the patella laterally.
c. The Q angle is greater in women than men.
d. The Q angle is the abbreviation (簡稱) of the quadriceps angle.
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 肌動學期末考試
36. Which of the following ligaments can prevent tibial anterior displacement?
a. the medial collateral ligament
b. the lateral collateral ligament
c. the anterior cruciate ligament
d. the posterior cruciate ligament
37. Which of the following statements about the patella is TRUE?
a. At full extension, only the proximal portion of the patella is in contact with the femur.
b. As the knee flexes from fully extended to 90 of flexion, the area of contact increases
gradually.
c. During knee flexion, the patella linearly shifts to the midline of the body.
d. The patella always keeps in a medial tilt position although it tilts laterally during knee
motion.
38. The screw home mechanism of the knee joint describes the phenomenon that continuous
_____ of the femur accompanies the completion of knee extension during close
kinematic chain motions.
a. inward
b. outward
c. upward
d. downward
39. Knee flexion is limited by all of the following structures EXCEPT
a. the length of the quadriceps
b. the mass of the hamstrings
c. the anterior cruciate ligament
d. the length of patellar tendon
40. The function of the popliteus muscle is knee _____ and ____ of the tibia in the 90 of
knee flexion position.
a. extension; inward rotation
b. extension; outward rotation
c. flexion; inward rotation
d. flexion; outward rotation
41. Thumb movement is not necessary in _____.
a. cylindrical grasp
b. spherical grasp
c. hook grasp
d. conoid grasp
42. The most precise prehension is
a. three-jaw chuck
c. lateral prehension
b. tip prehension
d. pencil grip
43. When an individual stands with knee flexed and lifts his heel, which of the following
muscles may be more involved in this motion?
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. tibialis anterior
d. tibialis posterior
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 肌動學期末考試
44. The term pronation of the subtalar joint in close kinetic chain indicates a combination of
eversion of the calcaneus, _____ of the talus, and _____ of the tibia.
a. abduction and dorsiflexion; external rotation
b. adduction and plantarflexion; external rotation
c. abduction and dorsiflexion; internal rotation
d. adduction and plantarflexion; internal rotation
45. The closed-packed position of the talocrural joint is the position of full
a. eversion
b. inversion
c. dorsiflexion
d. plantarflexion
46. Which of the following joints is NOT a triplanar joint?
a. talonavicular joint
c. talocrural joint
b. first metatarsophalangeal joint
d. subtalar joint
47. If an individual stands with the patella pointing straight forward, the lateral malleolus
has a more _____ and ____ location than the medial one.
a. posterior, distal
b. posterior, proximal
c. anterior, distal
d. anterior, proximal
48. If the foot is enclosed in a shoe, the structures may be subjected to abnormal pressures
and friction, as well as a warm, humid environment conducive to bacterial and fungal
growth and infection. Thus, wearing a shoe is harmful to human beings.
a. true
b. false
49. Which of the following functions is the function of the foot during the propulsive period
of the stance phase?
a. to absorb shock during initial contact
b. to absorb transverse rotation
c. to adapt various kinds of terrains
d. to become a rigid level
50. According to the Question 49, the foot is supposed to be _____ in order to fulfill this
function.
a. neutral
b. pronated
c. supinated
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d. flat