Health Study Guide 1
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Health – the overall well-being of your body, mind, and your relationships with other people
Life expectancy - the number of years a person can expect to live
Quality of life - the degree of total satisfaction that a person gets from life
Goal – a result that a person aims for and works hard to reach
3 Aspects of Health
 Physical Health – aspect of health that refers to how well your body functions. When you are
physically healthy you have enough energy to carry out everyday tasks.
o Healthy diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, medical and dental care
o Mental/Emotional Health – the state of being comfortable with yourself, with others, with your
surroundings and the ability to react to events in your life in a healthful way. Mind is alert, you
can learn from your mistakes, you recognize your achievements. Need time to relax, share feelings
with others
o Social Health – The aspect of health that refers to how well you get along with others.
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Wellness – A state of high-level health
Continuum - is a gradual progression through many stages between one extreme and another
Health Continuum – Know the diagram
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Loving relationships, respect the rights of others, give and accept help
one end of the continuum represents poor health (illness)
The other end represents perfect, or ideal, health (wellness)
DECIDE process
 D – Define the problem
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E – Explore the alternatives
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Consider long term goals as well as the beliefs or your family culture
Consider your own and others’ health and safety, and your self-respect
Identify those choices that match your values
D – Decide to act
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One by one, think through what might happen if you were to choose each alternative on your list
 Include both positive and negative results
 Consider what probably would happen, not what you hope would happen
I – Identify your values
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Make a list of possible alternatives for solving your problem
C – consider the consequences
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Consider the decision you are facing, and state the issue clearly
Use the information to have collected to compare the alternatives. Decide which one is best for you
Make a plan to act on your decision
E – Evaluate the results
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Sometime after you have put your decision into effect, take some time to review it
If you could do it over again, what would you do differently? If you can still change some things for the better,
do it now.
Communication: process of sharing information, thoughts, or feelings
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I Message: is a statement that expresses your feelings, but does not blame or judge the other person
Active listening: focusing your full attention on what the person is saying and letting that person know you
understand and care
 Know three active listening skills
Assertiveness
 Passive: holding back your feelings
 Aggressive: communicating in a threatening manner
 Assertive: able to stand up for your self
Body Language: includes posture, gestures, facial expressions, and body movements
o Compromise: is the willingness of each person to give up something in order to reach agreement
 Give and take
Endocrine system
 Group of glands that control long term changes in the body and daily changes in the body by releasing
hormones into the body
 Endocrine gland - A ductless gland that produces and releases chemical substances that signal changes in
other parts of the body.
 Hormone - A chemical substance produced by an endocrine gland. Chemical Messenger
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Endocrine gland Cheat Sheet
Glands – Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes
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Hypothalamus – located above brain stem
 Links nervous system to endocrine system
 Controls pituitary gland function
 Hormones control – water levels in body, body temp, hunger, thirst
Pituitary – located below hypothalamus – Master Gland
 Size of a pea
 Hormones control growth (directly), blood pressure, metabolism, reproduction, skin
pigmentation, thyroid function, uterine contractions, reabsorption of water
 Hypoactive – Dwarfism, excessive urination (dehydration)
 Hyperactive – gigantism in children, acromegaly in adults ( Lincoln)
Thyroid – located in throat, butterfly shaped
 Uses iodine to make hormones
 Hormones control heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, metabolism, calcium levels in the
blood
 Hypoactive – slow metabolism, low body temp, brittle nails, heavy menstrual period, sadness or
depression, weakness, decreased taste
 Hyperactive – fast metabolism, nervousness, goiter, high blood pressure, high body temp,
increased sweating
Parathyroid – located on the back of the thyroid gland
 Four tiny glands
 Regulates levels of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D,
 Aids in the development of bones and teeth
 Hypoactive – muscle cramps, bad teeth, painful menstruation
 Hyperactive – decrease in height, depression, fatigue, brittle bones,
Thymus – located in front of the heart
 Large from birth to puberty
 Shrinks after puberty
 Develops the immune system
 Creates T-Cells (white blood cells)
Adrenal – Located on top of the kidneys
 Balances salt and water in the kidneys
 Releases adrenaline for flight or fight
 Aids in metabolism – cortisol
 Hypoactive –
 Hyperactive – over exaggerated male characteristics, high blood pressure
Pancreas – located behind stomach
 Releases insulin
 Controls sugar levels in the body
Ovaries – located below waist line in females
 Release estrogen and progesterone
 Release eggs for reproduction
 Reproduction gland
Testes – Located in the crotch of the male
 Male reproduction gland
 Releases sperm for reproduction
 Releases testosterone