Name _____________________________ Date ____________________ Period ______
THE RESURGENCE OF EUROPE
UNIT 3, SECTION 4
I.
SECTION OVERVIEW
-1300s-1700s—Europe underwent many changes.
-An increased importance on ______ brought Europe not only an
__________ based on _______ but also a new ________ class.
-The ______________ brought new thinking that emphasized the _______
and the ________________.
-___________ challenged the power and authority of the
___________________ Church—it divided the Church.
-_____________ continued to weaken.
II.
KEY THEMES, CONCEPTS, PEOPLE, AND TERMS
1. Guild- _______________________________________________
2. Apprentice- ___________________________________________
3. Capitalism- ___________________________________________
4. Commercial Revolution- _________________________________
5. Renaissance- __________________________________________
6. Humanism- ____________________________________________
7. Michelangelo- _________________________________________
8. Leonardo da Vinci- _____________________________________
9. 95 Theses- ____________________________________________
10. Protestant Reformation- __________________________________
11. Ignatius Loyola- ________________________________________
12. Common Law- _________________________________________
13. Magna Carta- __________________________________________
14. Parliament- ____________________________________________
III.
THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION
-Expansion of ________ and the growth of cities.
-New ways of doing business arose in Europe.
-__________ grew in importance and a new social class emerged.
A. Towns and the Middle Class
1. Urban centers based on _________ gave new power to a rising new
__________ class.
B. Importance of Guilds
1. A ______ was a type of trade association formed by merchants and
craftspeople.
2. Actions of the guilds included—made sure the _______ of goods
stayed high; provided social services for members; regulated
_______ of work and prices of goods; ensured a supply of artisans
by training young people (apprentices).
C. Rise of Capitalism
1. Capitalism is based on _______ and ________.
2. When the ________ for a product is great, ________ rise, and
traders profit. When demand falls traders can lose everything.
3. This is a _____________ or business revolution.
D. New Business Practices
1. PARTNERSHIPS AND JOINT STOCK COMPANIES—merchants
sometimes joined together in partnerships. They ___________ their
capital to finance a large-scale venture.
2. BANKING—Since individual merchants did not have the
__________ they needed for an overseas __________ venture, they
____________ from moneylenders (banking).
3. INSURANCE—this helped ________ business risks because if a
merchant’s goods were damaged or lost, the _________ paid the
merchant most of the value of the shipment.
E. Social Changes
1. The ____________ Revolution reshaped __________ society.
2. The use of _________ undermined ___________ and led to the
_________ of feudalism.
IV.
THE RENAISSANCE AND HUMANISM
-1300s-1500s was a time of great __________ and change in Europe—This
is known as the _____________________ (rebirth of Greco-Roman
culture).
-It is a golden age in the _______, ____________, and __________.
-The Renaissance began in ________ and spread northward.
A. New Ways of Thinking
1. Humanism—______________________________________
2. While writers from the _______ Ages wondered about life after
________, Renaissance ___________ were more curious about life
in the _____________.
3. It emphasized the _________________ and balance.
4. They used the ___________ and Romans as models.
B. Artistic Achievements (Be sure to know these people!!!)
1. The ______________ produced some of the greatest _______,
sculptures, and architecture in the history of the world.
2. They rejected ____________ architecture.
3. They return to the styles of ___________ and Rome for columns,
arches, and domes.
4. Artists were supported by merchants, _________, and princes.
5. Art reflected ____________ concerns, many paintings had
______________ subjects, but others portrayed important modern
figures. It was very _____________. They used ___________
anatomy painting with very accurate detail.
a. MICHELANGELO—was a ____________, engineer, poet,
___________, and architect.
1. His two best known works—______________________
_____________________________________________
b. LEONARDO DA VINCI—he was interested in _________
anatomy, he dissected _________ corpses to see how muscles
and _______ worked. He also had drawings for __________
machines and underwater boats.
1. His most famous work was the _________________ and The
Last Supper.
c. Now name another Renaissance artist from your study and
describe an achievement ____________________________
________________________________________________.
C. Literary Achievements (Be sure to known these people!!!)
-In the late ______________ people began to write in the _______
languages of ordinary people (known as _________________).
-Explain how writing in the languages of ordinary people rather than
Latin help Renaissance ideas spread? __________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.
1. DANTE—an __________ writer who wrote __________ the
Renaissance took hold. He wrote about a journey through ______
and _________ in his book _____________________. He wrote in
__________ not ___________.
2. CERVANTES—a _________ writer shows how the Renaissance
and its affects spread _____________. He wrote
________________, in which, in typical Renaissance style, he
poked _____ at the traditions of ____________ and ________.
3. SHAKESPEARE—an ________ writer. He wrote extensively
about _______ beings and the joys and sorrows of ______ life.
Name two of his works _____________________
4. MACHIAVELLI—he wrote ______________. In it he advises
__________ on how to ______ and maintain ___________. He
tells rulers that they should use whatever methods are necessary to
ensure their success. ***HIS BOOK WAS USED TO JUSITIFY
ABSOLUTE POWER.***
D. Impact of the Printing Press
1. Papermaking and printing technology reached Europe from
________ around 1300.
2. Johann ______________ invented moveable type. The first thing to
be printed was the __________.
3. List three ways in which the printing press had an impact on
European culture.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
V.
REFORMATION AND COUNTER-REFORMATION
A. Causes of the Reformation
1. The ________________—Humanism led people to question
_________ authority. They placed increasing faith in _________
reason.
2. Strong _____________—Strong national monarchs were emerging.
Sometimes they increased their own _________ by supporting
_________ against the ___________ (This sounds like the idea of
what Renaissance writer _________________).
3. Problems in the __________—As ordinary people examined the
_________, some felt that its leaders were acting more like _____,
fighting for ______ and ________, than representatives of God.
Others objected to the Church charging increased fees for marriages
and baptisms and selling _______________ (pardons for sins).
B. Protestant Reformers (Be sure to know these people!!!)
1. ***MARTIN LUTHER—(DON’T CONFUSE THIS ONE). He
was disgusted over the sale of _______________. In ________, he
took action when he posted his famous _______________, which
were 95 arguments against ______________, on the door of a
church in ________________. This event sparked the
______________________, the period when Europeans broke away
from the ___________ Church and formed new _____________
Churches.
a. Luther believed that people could reach _________ only through
________ in God and that the _______ could not grant a
_________ for sins.
b. He thought that the ________ was the only source of religious
___________.
c. He was ___________________, thrown out of the Church.
d. His ideas spread, though, throughout northern Europe (especially
Germany) thanks in part to the ______________.
e. His followers became known as ___________________.
2. JOHN CALVIN—He was a priest born in France.
a. Like _________ he believed that __________ could reach
__________ only through ________ in God.
b. However, he had his own views on the ________ of God and the
nature of ________ beings.
c. He promoted his idea of ___________________, the belief that
God had determined ___________ the beginning of time who
would gain ____________ in heaven/
d. His followers lived strict, disciplined, and frugal lives.
e. It too spread to ___________, ___________, Scotland, and
____________.
3. Describe how Lutheranism and Calvinism were different from
Roman Catholicism. _________________________________
__________________________________________________.
C. The Counter Reformation
-While the Protestant Reformation continued to spread, a reform
movement also occurred in the ________________ Church.
-The purpose of the Counter (or Catholic) Reformation was to
_____________ the Catholic Church as well as to keep Catholics from
converting to Protestantism.
1. THE COUNCIL OF TRENT—(1545)—purpose was to guide the
_________ movement. It reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs and
worked to end the _________ in the Church.
2. IGNATIUS LOYOLA AND THE JESUITS—founded the
________ of Jesus (Jesuits). They are a religious order that
emphasized ___________ and _______ discipline as well as strict
obedience to __________ authority. Their goal was to defend
_______________ and spread it to __________, Africa, and the
____________.
3. TERESA OF AVILA—a Carmelite nun. She was disturbed by a
lack of severity within the order; she withdrew for ________ and
______________. She then reorganized and reformed the order.
After her death she was made a saint.
D. Effects of the Reformation
1. Religious and Political Divisions—created a loss of _______ in
Western Europe. Political division also occurred because rulers
often chose a religion for their nations.
2. Religious Conflicts—100 years after the ______________ wars
sparked by __________ raged in Europe. Example—the
____________ YEARS WAR (1618-1648).
3. Anti-Semitism—it brought persecution to several groups,
especially the _______. In some cities Jews were forced to live in
separate neighborhoods.
4. Witch Hunts—Religious fervor sometimes led people to
_________ others of being _______, agents of the devil. Thousands
of people, especially ________, were killed for this.
E. BE SURE TO REVIEW THE CHART ON PAGE 128.
VI.
RISE OF NATION-STATES
-At the end of the ________ Ages ____________ was in decline and
_______ slowly increased their power. First in ________ and France.
-This marked the beginning of feelings of ________________, which is
_______________________________.
A. Growth of Royal Power in France
1. Power slowly increased under Hugh ________, slowly gaining vast
amounts of ________ by playing rival ________ against one
another.
2. The growth of power led in part to the _________________ War, a
conflict that occurred between __________ and ______. When it
looked as if the _________ would lose the war, a peasant women,
_______________, managed to rally the French to victory. She was
killed by the English and sparked French nationalism.
3. Her efforts built up power for the French ___________. The nobles
were weakened while the crown was strengthened.
4. The legislature, the ________________, did not limit the monarch’s
________ during this period (unlike in England).
B. Nationhood and Limited Monarchy in England
1. AN ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM—__________ law, or law that
was the same for _____ people, was established. An early _______
system was also set up. All done by Henry II.
2. MAGNA CARTA (1215)—the nobles rebelled against King
_______ and forced him to sign the ____________, a charter that
placed ________ on the _______’s power. The king could not raise
_______ without first consulting his Great Council.
3. PARLIAMENT—1200s the Great Council evolved into a
_______________ assembly known as _____________. In to
finance ______, kings had to ask __________ for funds, thereby
increasing the power of ______________.
4. AN ENGLISH CHURCH—the final break between the ______ and
the _________ Church occurred under ________VIII when the
______ refused to grant the king an annulment from his marriage.
He took control of the Church and formed the _______ Church or
the Church of England.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
Page 131-135
5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. _____ 11. ____ 12. ____