Agriculture: Key Issue 2
Where Are Agricultural Regions in Less Developed Countries? Rubenstein, pp. 314-322
 SHIFTING CULTIVATION
1. Identify the two hallmarks of the technique of shifting cultivation.
a. In what climate does shifting cultivation predominate? What are its two characteristics?
b. Identify crops of shifting cultivation.
c. What percentage of the world’s land area is devoted to shifting cultivation?
i. What percentage of the world’s people work it?
d. Discuss land ownership in a typical village that practices shifting cultivation.
2.
Shifting Cultivation
PROS
(Arguments against replacing shifting cultivation.)
e. Regarding a swidden…
i. what is it?
ii. What is potash?
iii. How long are swiddens used?
CONS
(How is shifting cultivation being replaced?)
 PASTORAL NOMADISM
3. What is pastoral nomadism? List the characteristics.
a. In what type of climate is it usually found?
b. What regions of the earth are currently occupied by this practice?
c. How do pastoral nomads obtain grain (several ways)?
e. What animals are chosen, and where?
f. Describe territoriality among pastoral nomads.
g. What is transhumance?
h. In what ways is pastoral nomadism currently threatened by modern governments?
 INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING
4. What is meant by “intensive”?
a. Where is intensive subsistence agriculture practiced? Why there?
b. What is “wet rice”?
c. What is a “sawah”? a “paddy”?
d. How do farmers cultivate wet rice in hilly or mountainous terrains?
e. Where is double-cropping possible? Not possible?
f. In areas of intensive subsistence agriculture where wet rice is not dominant, what is the major crop?
g. How are multiple harvests made possible in these less mild regions?
h. Using the map on p. 320, find regions outside of Asia where “wet-rice not dominant” intensive subsistence
agriculture is practiced.
5.
Agriculture in Communist China
Agriculture following the communist revolution, communes.

Agriculture in Communist China today, post-commune.
PLANTATION FARMING
6. Define/describe plantation farming by filling in the table below.
PLANTATION
Climate….
Continents…
Situated in…
Owned an operated by…
Types of crops…
Definition
Workers…