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Question 1
16.66 out of 16.66 points
Describe the history of the federal prison system. When was the Department of Justice and the
Federal Bureau of Prisons created? Were these systems created for ideological reasons or
reasons of necessity? Support your answer.
Answer
Selected
Answer:
1.
Describe the history of the federal prison system. When was the
Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Prisons created? Were these
systems created for ideological reasons or reasons of necessity? Support your
answer.
At the birth of the U.S then the American Colonies, British set the rules under
the Duke of York in 1676 (Allen, Latessa, & Ponder, 2010). Then the Quaker
Code was set forth until 1718 by William Penn, it was replaced by what is
known as The English Alglican Code which carried out sentences in a much
harsher way (Allen, Latessa, & Ponder, 2010).
In 1790 one of the first facilities that were established was the Walnut Street
Jail, much of the prisoner treatment was better changes were soon made
around 1826 that set prisoners to be confined in their cells and allowed to do
some work (Allen, Latessa, & Ponder, 2010). Around the 1870 a reform came
due to the overcrowding conditions, the management in US decided to go for
the Machonochie and Crogton theory. Other programs were education and
reforms were then introduced to rehabilitate prisoners. After the Civil War the
whole system of corrections was given to private contractors, this type of
system ended up as a workers and no rehabilitation was given. From 1940 on
the prison population jumped and so did the prisons that were built. These
prisons used prisoners as worker to create certain products. Following that
period and close to the great depression two acts were passed. One stated that
prison products had to follow local law and the other required labels when
products left the state (Allen, Latessa, & Ponder, 2010).
Soon after about 1935 to 1960 leaders in the field began to again introducing
programs were prisoners were given rehabilitation. The Bureau of prison was
established around the 1930 and was led by the Department of Justice. The job
of this new agency was to provide “ management and regulation of all Federal
Penal and Correctional institutions. (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2013). By the
1940 after the new agency was put in charge
the Bureau had doubled in size and prisons began to separate prisoners based
on offences. A new legislation was passed that “established determinate
sentencing, abolished parole, and reduced good time; additionally, several
mandatory minimum sentencing provisions” (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2013).
These system have been created out of both ideological reasons and for
reasons of necessity. Initially its first reform were created through Quaker
ideology and as the prison system has grown it has become a necessity to
change. Initially the thought of prisons was to put a prisoner in a jail and let
he/she rehabilitate him/herself through solitary confinement. As the prison
system has grown we can see that education and training have become the
new was for rehabilitation.
References
Allen, H. E., Latessa, E. J., & Ponder, B. S. (2010). Corrections in America An
Introduction(13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Encyclopedia Britannica. (2013). Retrieved May 11, 2013, from Merriam-Webster:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/parole
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2013). A Brief History of the Bureau of Prisons.
Retrieved May 10, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/about/history.jsp
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2012). Prison Types & General Information. Retrieved
May 08, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/
Grant, R. (2004). capital punishment and violence. Humanist , 25-29.
US Department of Justice. (2011, December ). Capital Punishment, 2010 – Statistics
Tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics . US Department of Justice.
Response [None Given]
Feedback:

Question 2
16.66 out of 16.66 points
Name and describe the five security levels of the federal Bureau of Prisons. What are common
features across the security levels? What are the main differences across security levels?
Answer
Selected
Answer:
1.
Name and describe the five security levels of the federal Bureau
of Prisons. What are common features across the security levels? What
are the main differences across security levels?
The five levels of the Federal Bureau of Prisons are minimum security,
low security, medium security, high security and administrative (Federal
Bureau of Prisons, 2012). All of these differ by their levels of security
such as personal, barriers, towers and other areas.
The first minimum security prisons are college like campuses with dorm
rooms. The staffing levels are low and the facility is more of a work
program and/ or program facility. This type of facility is usually used to
assist other institutions to provide services. (Federal Bureau of Prisons,
2012)
The next type is known as low security. To start the security levels are
more than a minimum security facility and the perimeters are double
fenced. The sleeping arrangements are much like that of the low security
with dorms or cubicle housing. These type of facilities usually is used for
work or other programs. (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2012)
Medium security are facilities with cell type housing. The perimeters are
double fence and are set with additional electronic detection systems. The
facilities has work programs and many other programs to treat prisoners.
Officer levels are higher than low security facilities and there is more
controls set on prisoners. (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2012)
The next level is known as high security. This level has high levels
officers to prisoner and its facilities have a higher level of security with
walls and reinforced fencing. The housing is set in a cell format and the
control of prisoners is done tightly. (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2012)
The fourth level is high security. This level has perimeters that feature
walls, reinforced fences and electronic surveillance. Housing is cell like
and the officers have the highest levels with prisoners. (Federal Bureau
of Prisons, 2012)
The last level is the Administrative. These facilities are made based on
the need of the BOP. Such uses are medical treatment, pretrial and/or
highly dangerous individuals. The security level is based on the
individual. (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2013)
The common features across the security levels are the staffing needed to
support these facilities, the use of some sort of perimeter in each facility,
the use of sleeping arrangements and all facilities have programs that are
available for prisoners.
The main differences across the security levels first is the freedom given
based on the security level, the staff to prisoner ratio of each level and the
allowed movement of prisoners.
References
Allen, H. E., Latessa, E. J., & Ponder, B. S. (2010). Corrections in America An
Introduction(13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Encyclopedia Britannica. (2013). Retrieved May 11, 2013, from Merriam-Webster:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/parole
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2013). A Brief History of the Bureau of Prisons.
Retrieved May 10, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/about/history.jsp
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2012). Prison Types & General Information. Retrieved
May 08, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/
Grant, R. (2004). capital punishment and violence. Humanist , 25-29.
US Department of Justice. (2011, December ). Capital Punishment, 2010 – Statistics
Tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics . US Department of Justice.
Response [None Given]
Feedback:

Question 3
16.66 out of 16.66 points
Provide a definition of parole (include all elements as described in the book). How is parole
essentially a contract between the parolee and the state? How does this contract work?
Answer
Selected
Answer:
1.
Provide a definition of parole (include all elements as described in the
book). How is parole essentially a contract between the parolee and the state?
How does this contract work?
Merriam Encyclopedia state that parole is “Supervised conditional liberty from
prison granted prior to the expiration of a prisoner's sentence. Modern use of
parole stems from a change in penal philosophy to emphasize rehabilitation
rather than retribution. In some jurisdictions, those convicted of certain crimes
(e.g., rape or murder) are not eligible for parole. Conditions of parole vary, but
in all cases their violation may constitute grounds for reincarceration. Parole
supervision ranges from little more than a periodic police check to intensive
supervision by trained personnel” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013).
So essentially parole is the use of a program to release an individual either
before or after his/her sentence based on certain reasons. Once his/her
released is the individual is still monitored based on guidelines set forth.
(Allen, Latessa, & Ponder, 2010)
Parole is essentially a contract between the parolee and the state because it is
a release of the individual in a deal that he or she has been rehabilitated and is
ready to become a part of society. The individual is released on their accord
and must follow guidelines set by the parole board.
Parole contracts can vary based on the individual and his/her present and past
history. The contract works by having the individual do a specific task, such as
meet with a representative of board or drug test. If a violation is done than the
individual may have the parole revoked and he or she may be sent back to
prison, parole extended and or harsher regulations.
References
Allen, H. E., Latessa, E. J., & Ponder, B. S. (2010). Corrections in America An
Introduction(13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Encyclopedia Britannica. (2013). Retrieved May 11, 2013, from Merriam-Webster:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/parole
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2013). A Brief History of the Bureau of Prisons.
Retrieved May 10, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/about/history.jsp
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2012). Prison Types & General Information. Retrieved
May 08, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/
Grant, R. (2004). capital punishment and violence. Humanist , 25-29.
US Department of Justice. (2011, December ). Capital Punishment, 2010 – Statistics
Tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics . US Department of Justice.
Response [None Given]
Feedback:

Question 4
16 out of 16.66 points
Name and describe all five functions of parole. Who administers parole? What do parole boards
look like?
Answer
Selected
Answer:
1.
Name and describe all five functions of parole. Who administers
parole? What do parole boards look like?
The five functions of the parole board are:
1.
Selecting and placing prisoners on parole
2.
Establishing conditions of supervision
3.
Aiding, supervising, assisting, and controlling parolees in the
community
4.
met
Returning parolees to prison if the conditions of parole are not
5.
Discharged parolees when supervision is no longer necessary or
when sentence is completed.
(Allen, Latessa, & Ponder, 2010)
The first function is the process of selecting individuals who are
eligible for the parole process. Once chosen the individuals are placed on
the parole system. In the second function each parolee is given the rules
and the guidelines to the parol process. The next step is managing the
Parole parole process by having parolees do the conditions set by parole.
When parolees do not meet the conditions of the process this fourth
function is set for returning this individuals to their prison sentence. The
last function is set when the individuals have completed the parole
process and need to be discharged.
Individuals that administer parole are usually parolee boards. The size
and procedures can be different and are set by the state. The parole
boards don’t have a specific look to them because they can all be
different in size and procedures. Parole boards may or may not be closely
related to the criminal justice system.
References
Allen, H. E., Latessa, E. J., & Ponder, B. S. (2010). Corrections in America An
Introduction(13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Encyclopedia Britannica. (2013). Retrieved May 11, 2013, from Merriam-Webster:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/parole
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2013). A Brief History of the Bureau of Prisons.
Retrieved May 10, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/about/history.jsp
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2012). Prison Types & General Information. Retrieved
May 08, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/
Grant, R. (2004). capital punishment and violence. Humanist , 25-29.
US Department of Justice. (2011, December ). Capital Punishment, 2010 – Statistics
Tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics . US Department of Justice.
Response Each answer must include "one" outside (non-textbook) and credible source. As
Feedback: with your textbook and all research, ensure you include APA "proper" citations and
references for each supplemental source.
Prof Howard

Question 5
16.66 out of 16.66 points
Describe the historical development of capital punishment in America. By what mechanisms do
we kill offenders? By what philosophy of punishment do we support capital punishment? What
crimes are punishable by death and how do we differentiate whether a capital sentence is even
possible in a given case?
Answer
Selected
Answer:
1.
Describe the historical development of capital punishment in America.
By what mechanisms do we kill offenders? By what philosophy of punishment
do we support capital punishment? What crimes are punishable by death and
how do we differentiate whether a capital sentence is even possible in a given
case?
Capital punishment came from the British common law. As we moved up in
time the majority of these were used in public forum so as to stop individuals
from conducting crime. During the American Revolution the degrees of murder
were implemented and the death penalty was set to first degree murder
(Grant, 2004). During the 1960s individuals against capital punishment had
courts repealing laws for capital punishment from about 1968 to 1976 with the
use of the bill or rights and the eight amendment that calls for the protection
against cruel and unusual punishment (Grant, 2004). The Supreme Court
decision Furman v. Georgia in 1972 it ruled that capital punishment was being
used incorrectly due to using it wrongly against African Americans. In 1976 the
Supreme Court determined that that the death penalty was not constitute
cruel as unusual punishment and capital punishment was allowed to proceed
(Grant, 2004). Other notable areas that we should look at is the first use of the
electric chair in 1890, then the use of the gas chamber in 1924 and finally the
used of the 1982 with the use of the lethal injection (Allen, Latessa, & Ponder,
2010). The methods for injection used today are lethal injection, electrocution,
lethal gas, hanging and firing squad (US Department of Justice, 2011). The
philosophy of punishment that we support capital punishment with is in that
the crime is so heinous to cause the maximum punishment or death. According
to our book The individual are called retentionist and societal protection
argument. The crimes that are punishable by death are first degree murder,
aircraft hijacking, treason, murder committed during hijacking, Genocide
Espionage and many others (US Department of Justice, 2011). Each case for
capital punishment is decided by the prosecution.
References
Allen, H. E., Latessa, E. J., & Ponder, B. S. (2010). Corrections in America An
Introduction(13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Encyclopedia Britannica. (2013). Retrieved May 11, 2013, from Merriam-Webster:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/parole
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2013). A Brief History of the Bureau of Prisons.
Retrieved May 10, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/about/history.jsp
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2012). Prison Types & General Information. Retrieved
May 08, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/
Grant, R. (2004). capital punishment and violence. Humanist , 25-29.
US Department of Justice. (2011, December ). Capital Punishment, 2010 – Statistics
Tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics . US Department of Justice.
Response [None Given]
Feedback:

Question 6
16 out of 16.66 points
Provide a history of the juvenile court system in England and America. What are the underlying
key philosophies of each system? Why were these systems created?
Answer
Selected
1.
Provide a history of the juvenile court system in England and America.
Answer: What are the underlying key philosophies of each system? Why were these
systems created?
The juvenile system like most of our laws and court system came from England’s
common law. I was under a philosophy were the king is looked like the father.
Sort of like her in the US the state can become the guardian of the juvenile.
During this common law period certain ages in children made them irresponsible
for their action and it also pointed out at what age these children could be taken
from parents (Allen, Latessa, & Ponder, 2010).
Around 1910 the district of Columbia passed the children’s court act, this was in
response to the movement to create a juvenile court system (Allen, Latessa, &
Ponder, 2010). This act was established to create a probation system for
juveniles.
In the US two US Supreme Court decision established juvenile rights, ken v.
United States and In re Gault (Allen, Latessa, & Ponder, 2010). These two
basically gave certain rights for children and procedures were set forth for
juveniles. In 1974 the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act was
passed, the act “required a comprehensive assessment regarding the effectiveness of
the existing juvenile system” (Allen, Latessa, & Ponder, 2010).
References
Allen, H. E., Latessa, E. J., & Ponder, B. S. (2010). Corrections in America An
Introduction(13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Encyclopedia Britannica. (2013). Retrieved May 11, 2013, from Merriam-Webster:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/parole
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2013). A Brief History of the Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved
May 10, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/about/history.jsp
Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2012). Prison Types & General Information. Retrieved
May 08, 2013, from Federal Bureau of Prisons:
http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/
Grant, R. (2004). capital punishment and violence. Humanist , 25-29.
US Department of Justice. (2011, December ). Capital Punishment, 2010 – Statistics
Tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics . US Department of Justice.