Telencephalon
The Cortex

Location
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Functional Area
Primary somatosensory cortex
Primary motor cortex
Function
Touch, body awareness
Voluntary movement control stereognosia Superior parietal lobule
Precentral gyrus and rostral adjacent cortex
Posterior parietal association area, tertiary somatic sensory cortex
Supplementary motor cortex, supplementary eye fields, premotor area, frontal eye fields
Limb and eye movement planning
Superior parietal lobule Posterior parietal association area
Frontal eye fields Superior, middle frontal gyri, medial frontal lobe
Superior, middle frontal gyri, medial frontal lobe
Prefrontal association cortex, frontal eye fields
Banks of calcarine fissure Primary visual cortex
Secondary visual cortex Medial and lateral occipital gyri
Inferior temporal gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus
Visual inferotemporal area
Visual inferotemporal area
Visuomotor, perception
Saccadic eye movements
Thought, cognition, movement planning
Vision
Vision, depth perception
Form vision
Form vision

Superior temporal gyrus
Cingulate gyrus, subcallosal area, retrosplenial area, parahippocampus gyrus
Parahippocampus gyrus
Higher order auditory cortex
Hearing, speech
Limbic association cortex Emotions
Smell, emotions
Middle and inferior temporal gyri at junction between temporal and occipital lobes
Temporal pole
Primary olfactory cortex, limbic association cortex
Parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex; middle temporal visual area
Perception, vision, reading, speech
Smell, emotions
Inferior parietal lobule
(angular gyrus)
Inferior parietal lobule
(supramarginal gyrus)
Heschl’s gyri and superior temporal gyrus
Heschl’s gyri and superior temporal gyrus
Insular cortex, frontoparietal operculum
Inferior frontal gyrus
(frontal operculum)
Inferior frontal gyrus
(frontal operculum)
Middle frontal gyrus
Inferior frontal gyrus
(frontal operculum)
Primary olfactory cortex, limbic association cortex
Parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex
Parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex
Primary auditory cortex
Secondary auditory cortex
Gustatory cortex
Broca’s area, lateral premotor cortex
Prefrontal association cortex
Prefrontal association cortex (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex)
Prefrontal association cortex
Perception, vision, reading, speech
Perception, vision, reading, speech
Hearing
Hearing
Taste
Speech, movement planning
Thought, cognition, planning behavior
Thought, cognition, planning behavior, aspects of eye movement control
Thought, cognition, planning behavior

Diencephalon – location and function
Location Functional Area
Just below corpus callosum Thalamus
Beneath thalamus Hypothalamus
Function
Transmits information from subcortical structures to cerebral cortex
Integrates functions of autonomic nervous system an controls endocrine hormone release from pituitary gland

Mesencephalon (midbrain)
1: dotted line encircles tegmentum
2. basis pedunculi/corticospinal tract
3. substantia nigra
4. central tegmental tract
5. tectum (superior colliculus)

Location
Dorsal region of mesencephalon
Ventral region of mesencephalon
Functional Area
Tectum
Tegmentum
Metencephalon
Location
Ventral pons
Functional Area pons
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
Red nucleus
Function
Visual receptors - regulate the reflexive movement of the Eyes and Head, in response to a number of different stimuli
Auditory receptors -
Neurons conducting impulses from the structures of the Inner
Ear to the Brain, all synapse in the Inferior
Colliculi.
Ascending Tracts from the Spinal Cord to the
Brain and also contains the paired Red Nuclei
Controls motor functions
Regulates awareness and attention
Regulates some autonomic functions
Unconscious Regulation and Coordination of
Motor Activities
.
Substantia nigra coordinating muscle tone and movement
Function relays messages to and from the myelencephalon and cerebrum. It also sends messages to the cerebellum and regulates the rate of breathing.

Above the basilar region that forms the floor of the fourth ventricle
Base of brain
Pontine tegmentum cerebellum
Inferior peduncles
Middle peduncles
Regulation of bladder function
Regulates consciousness regulates movements of eyes and limbs helps us to maintain posture and balance stereotyped movements
Conducts information regarding the position of body parts to the cerebellum
Conducts information from the cerebral cortex regarding the desired position of these parts to the cerebellum
Conducts impulses regarding the aforementioned data to the mesencephalon
Brain Stem
Location midbrain
Just above enlargement of spinal cord
Functional Area
Tectum/tegmentum pons
Superior peduncles
Enlargement at top of spinal cord medulla
Function contains centers for the control of vital processes, including respiration and cardiovascular functions. It also is involved in the coordination of eye movements and balance. contains centers for the control of vital processes such as heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and swallowing.

Myelencephalon
Location Functional Area
Enlargement at top of spinal cord Medulla oblongata
Function
Cardiac center – controls heart rate
Respiratory center - Helps regulate rhythm, rate, and depth of breathing with the pons.
Vasomotor center - Controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation
(the contraction and dilation of blood vessels, respectively).

Ventricles

Cingulate gyrus – part of the limbic system (emotion)