SOUL
You are going to do a project on soul music. Don’t forget the
film The Commitments that you have watched. Include
information on this film and on the performers that appear in
it. In your project include the following:
1- THE COMMITMENTS
YOU HAVE WATCHED THE FILM AND THE DOCUMENTARY.
Use that information and find what’s missing in:
1- WIKIPEDIA.
Clik on The Commitments( film) (wikiquotes…)
Or
2- The Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
-[
imdb: The biggest, best, most award-winning movie site on the planet.
www.imdb.com/ - 43k - En caché - Páginas similares
1. What does the word commitment mean?
2. How old is the actor who plays Deco?
3. How many people did the director see at the cast?
4. How many of them are professional actors/actresses? Who are they?
5. Who plays the part of Jimmy Rabbitte’s sister? Can you find any famous people in
the cast? And at the concerts etc…?
6. The film runs for 113 minutes. How many times is the word “fuck” used?
7. Who is the kid on the skateboard?
8. Where /when does Alan Parker appear?
9. The book is based on a novel. Who wrote it?
10. Can you find some differences between the book and the novel?
11. Complete the following sentence:
-Jimmy Rabbitte: Do you not get it, lads? The _________ are the blacks of _________. And
___________ are the blacks of ___________. And the __________ ____________ are the
blacks of ___________. So say it once, say it loud: I'm black and I'm __________.
2- Write a short review on the film:
a- name and include a picture of the characters in the group
and what instruments they played, who the singers are...
b- Include the cast ( actors, actresses) the crew ( director ...)
Where, when it was filmed, photographs...
3- FIND ABOUT THE MUSIC INDUSTRY:
a- Usborne Quicklinks: Quicklinks Worldwide
- [ Traduzca esta página ]
Usborne Quicklinks - internet linked books from Usborne Publishing.
usbornequicklinks.com/ - 10k - En caché - Páginas similares
b- F Pages 14-15
Click on any of the links below.
INTERNET LINKS
Music industry jobs
Find out about the different jobs and departments in the music industry,
then try your hand at some music industry games.
Advice and insider tips on music industry jobs
Profiles of people who work in music
Clickable diagrams of music jobs and roles
An online guide to the music industry
4- Soul music:
Write about this type of music. Choose a singer that appears in the film The
Commitments and a song from the list below. You can use information from
the following :
a- Usborne Quicklinks: Quicklinks Worldwide
- [ Traduzca esta página ]
Usborne Quicklinks - internet linked books from Usborne Publishing.
usbornequicklinks.com/ - 10k - En caché - Páginas similares
Go to pages 12- 13 in music and find more about soul.
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For other uses, see Soul music (disambiguation).
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Soul
Stylistic origins: Gospel music, blues, Rhythm
and blues
Cultural origins: late 1950s United States (esp.
Chicago, Illinois)
Guitar - Bass - keyboard Typical
instruments: Drums - Horn section - Vocals
Mainstream International, 1960s through early
popularity: 1980s
Derivative forms:Funk - Disco- contemporary R&BQuiet Storm
Subgenres
Deep Soul - Motown Sound - Psychedelic soul - Blue-eyed
soul - Brown-eyed soul
Fusion genres
Neo soul - Soul blues - Spoken Word Soul
Regional scenes
Detroit soul - Memphis soul - Philly soul
Other topics
Soul Musicians
Soul music is a music genre that combines rhythm and blues and gospel music, originating
in the United States. According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, soul is "music that
arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and
rhythm & blues into a form of funky, secular testifying."[1]
Contents
[hide]
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1 Origins
2 1970s and later
3 Soul subgenres
o 3.1 Detroit (Motown) soul
o 3.2 Deep soul and southern soul
o 3.3 Memphis soul
o 3.4 Philadelphia soul
o 3.5 Psychedelic soul
o 3.6 Blue-eyed soul
o 3.7 Neo soul
o 3.8 Northern soul and modern soul
4 See also
5 Audio samples
6 Footnotes
7 Bibliography
[edit] Origins
Soul music has some of its roots in gospel music and rhythm and blues. Many consider soul
music to be a genre of music created by African Americans in northern United States inner
cities, particularly Chicago.[citation needed] Other areas, such as Detroit and Memphis, Tennessee
quickly followed and created their own regional soul music style, due to their gospel roots.
Some of the elements from Chicago and other parts of the United States, such as the south,
brought some raw unpolished funky talent to heavily-populated inner cities, where soul
became polished and perfected.
Sam Cooke, Jackie Wilson, and Etta James were early popular stars of the music genre, and
other soul forerunners include: Mahalia Jackson, Louis Jordan, Louis Prima, and Big Joe
Turner. Some of the earliest soul artists included Ray Charles, Little Richard, and James
Brown, although all were happy to call themselves rock and roll performers at the time.
During the 1960s Beatles boom, both Charles and Brown claimed that they had always
really been R&B singers. Little Richard proclaimed himself the "king of rockin' and rollin',
rhythm and blues soulin'", because his music embodied elements of all three, and because
he inspired artists in all three genres. Solomon Burke's early recordings for Atlantic
Records codified the soul style, and his early 1960s songs "Cry to Me", "Just Out of Reach"
and "Down in the Valley" are considered classics of the genre. Peter Guralnick writes, "it
was only with the coming together of Burke and Atlantic Records that you could see
anything resembling a movement."[citation needed]
In Memphis, Stax Records produced key soul recordings by Otis Redding, Wilson Pickett
and Don Covay (who also recorded in New York City for Atlantic Records). Joe Tex's
1965 "The Love You Save" is a classic soul recording. An important center of soul music
recording was Florence, Alabama, where the Fame Studios operated. Jimmy Hughes, Percy
Sledge and Arthur Alexander recorded at Fame, and Aretha Franklin recorded in the area
later in the 1960s. Fame Studios, often referred to as Muscle Shoals (after a town
neighboring Florence), enjoyed a close relationship with Stax, and many of the musicians
and producers who worked in Memphis contributed to recordings done in Alabama.
Another notable Memphis label was Goldwax Records, owned by Quinton Claunch.
Goldwax signed O.V. Wright and James Carr, who went on to make several records that are
considered essentials of the genre. Carr's "The Dark End of the Street" (written by Chips
Moman and Dan Penn) was recorded at two other important Memphis studios, Royal
Recording and American Sound Studios, in 1967. American Studios owner Chips Moman
produced "The Dark End of the Street", and the musicians were his house band of Reggie
Young, Bobby Woods, Tommy Cogbill and Gene Chrisman. Carr also made recordings at
Fame Studios, utilizing musicians David Hood, Jimmy Johnson and Roger Hawkins.
Aretha Franklin's 1967 recordings, such as "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)",
"Respect" (originally sung by Otis Redding), and "Do Right Woman-Do Right Man", are
considered the apogee of the soul music genre, and were among its most commercially
successful productions. During the late 1960s, Stax artists such as Eddie Floyd and Johnnie
Taylor made significant contributions to soul music. Howard Tate's recordings in the late
1960s for Verve Records, and later for Atlantic (produced by Jerry Ragovoy) are another
notable body of work in the soul genre.
Motown Records also contributed to the soul canon, although at the time, the Detroit-based
label described itself as a manufacturer of pop music. Music by Motown artists such as
Stevie Wonder, Gladys Knight, and Marvin Gaye did much to popularise the style, and the
overall Motown sound did much to define what later became known as northern soul. In
Chicago, Curtis Mayfield created the sweet soul sound that later earned him a reputation as
the Godfather of northern soul. As a member of The Impressions, Mayfield created a call
and answer style of group singing that resembled the gospel style, and influenced many
other groups of the era.
By 1968, the soul music movement had begun to splinter, as James Brown and Sly & the
Family Stone began to evolve both soul and rhythm and blues into other forms. Guralnick
argues that, "More than anything else, though, what seems to me to have brought the era of
soul to a grinding, unsettling halt was the death of Martin Luther King in April of
1968."[citation needed]
[edit] 1970s and later
Later examples of soul music include recordings by The Staple Singers (such as I'll Take
You There), and Al Green's 1970s recordings, done at Willie Mitchell's Royal Recording in
Memphis. Mitchell's Hi Records continued the Stax tradition in that decade, releasing many
hits by Green, Ann Peebles, Otis Clay, O. V. Wright and Syl Johnson. Bobby Womack,
who recorded with Chips Moman in the late 1960s, continued to produce soul recordings in
the 1970s and 1980s.
The city of Detroit produced some important later soul recordings. Producer Don Davis
worked with Stax artists such as Johnnie Taylor and The Dramatics. Early-1970s
recordings by The Detroit Emeralds, such as Do Me Right, are an important link between
soul and the later disco style. Motown Records artists such as Marvin Gaye and Smokey
Robinson contributed to the evolution of soul music, although their recordings were
considered more in a pop music vein than those of Redding, Franklin and Carr.
Marvin Gaye on the cover of his classic 1971 album What's Going On.
Although stylistically different from classic soul music, recordings by Chicago-based artists
such as Jerry Butler and The Chi-Lites are often considered part of the genre.
By the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres.
The social and political ferment of the times inspired artists like Gaye and Curtis Mayfield
to release album-length statements with hard-hitting social commentary. Artists like James
Brown led soul towards funk music, which became typified by 1970s bands like
Parliament-Funkadelic and The Meters. More versatile groups like War, the Commodores
and Earth, Wind and Fire became popular around this time. During the 1970s, some slick
and commercial blue-eyed soul acts like Philadelphia's Hall & Oates and Oakland's Tower
of Power achieved mainstream success, as did a new generation of street-corner harmony or
city-soul groups like The Delfonics and Howard University's Unifics.
By the end of the 1970s, disco and funk were dominating the charts. Philly soul and most
other soul genres were dominated by disco-inflected tracks. During this period, groups like
The O'Jays and The Spinners continued to turn out hits.
After the death of disco in the early 1980s, soul music survived for a short time before
going through yet another metamorphosis. With the introduction of influences from electro
music and funk, soul music became less raw and more slickly produced, resulting in a
newer genre that was called R&B, which sounded very different from the original rhythm
and blues style. This new version of R&B was often labelled contemporary R&B.
Soul music from the United Kingdom has become popular worldwide, with artists such as
Joss Stone and most recently Amy Winehouse. In the late 1980s & early 90's artists such as
Omar, Soul To Soul, Loose Ends, Imagination, Mica Paris and Sade propagated the
worldwide success of British soul. Simultaneously, the United States saw the development
of neo-soul around '94 thru the turn of the century, but mainstream record label marketing
support cooled due to the industry re-focus on hip hop & Rap. Notable British soul artists
of the 2000's include Terri Walker, Beverley Knight, Corrine Bailey Rae, Jamiroquai, Julie
Dexter and the Brand New Heavies.
[edit] Soul subgenres
[edit] Detroit (Motown) soul
For more details on these topics, see Motown Records and Motown Sound.
Dominated by Berry Gordy's Motown Records empire, Detroit soul is strongly rhythmic,
and influenced by gospel music. The Motown Sound often includes hand clapping, a
powerful bass line, violins, bells and other untraditional instruments. Motown's house band
was The Funk Brothers, and singers included: Marvin Gaye, The Temptations, Smokey
Robinson & the Miracles, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Martha Reeves & the Vandellas, The
Marvelettes, Mary Wells, Diana Ross & the Supremes, The Jackson 5, The Four Tops and
Stevie Wonder. Songwriters included: Holland-Dozier-Holland, Norman Whitfield, Barrett
Strong, Smokey Robinson, Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson, Ivy Jo Hunter, Roger
Penzabene, and Stevie Wonder.
[edit] Deep soul and southern soul
For more details on this topic, see Deep soul and Southern soul
The terms deep soul and southern soul generally refer to a driving, energetic soul style
combining R&B's energy with pulsating southern United States gospel music sounds.
Memphis, Tennessee label Stax Records nurtured a distinctive sound, which included
putting vocals further back in the mix than most contemporary R&B records, using vibrant
horn parts in place of background vocals, and a focus on the low end of the frequency
spectrum. The vast majority of Stax releases were backed by house bands Booker T and the
MGs (with Booker T. Jones, Steve Cropper, Duck Dunn, and Al Jackson) and the Memphis
Horns (the splinter horn section of the Mar-Keys). The label counted Otis Redding, Carla
Thomas, Sam & Dave, Rufus Thomas, William Bell, and Eddie Floyd among its stars.
[edit] Memphis soul
For more details on this topic, see Memphis soul.
Memphis soul is a shimmering, sultry style of soul music produced in the 1960s and 1970s
at Stax Records and Hi Records in Memphis, Tennessee. It featured melancholic and
melodic horns, organ, bass, and drums, as heard in recordings by Hi's Al Green and Stax's
Booker T. & the M.G.'s. The latter group also sometimes played in the harder-edged
Southern soul style. The Hi Records house band (Hi Rhythm Section) and producer Willie
Mitchell developed a surging soul style heard in the label's 1970s hit recordings. Some Stax
recordings fit into this style, but had their own unique sound.
[edit] Philadelphia soul
For more details on this topic, see Philadelphia soul.
Based primarily in the Philadelphia International record label, Philadelphia soul (AKA
Philly Soul) had a lush orchestral sound and doo-wop-inspired vocals. Thom Bell, and
Kenneth Gamble & Leon Huff are considered the founders of Philadelphia soul, which was
dominated by artists such as The Spinners, The Delfonics, The O'Jays, The Stylistics, The
Intruders, Patti LaBelle, MFSB, The Three Degrees, Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, and
McFadden & Whitehead.
[edit] Psychedelic soul
For more details on this topic, see Psychedelic soul.
Psychedelic soul was a blend of psychedelic rock and soul music in the late-1960s, which
paved the way for the mainstream emergence of funk music a few years later. Principal
figures included multicultural band Sly & the Family Stone, Curtis Mayfield, The Fifth
Dimension, and (with producer Norman Whitfield) The Temptations and The Undisputed
Truth.
[edit] Blue-eyed soul
For more details on this topic, see Blue-eyed soul.
Blue-eyed soul, (also known as white soul) is a term used to describe R&B or soul music
performed by white artists. The term doesn't refer to a distinct style of music, and the
meaning of blue-eyed soul has evolved over decades. Originally the term was associated
with mid-1960s white artists who performed soul and R&B that was similar to the music
released by Motown Records and Stax Records. The term continued to be used in the 1970s
and 1980s, particularly by the British media to describe a new generation of singers who
adopted elements of the Stax and Motown sounds. To a lesser extent, the term has been
applied to singers in other music genres that are influenced by soul music. Notable blueeyed soul artists include Hall & Oates, Righteous Brothers, Boy George, The Action, The
Rascals, Mitch Ryder & the Detroit Wheels, The Soul Survivors, Dusty Springfield and
B.J. Thomas.
[edit] Neo soul
For more details on this topic, see Neo soul.
The term neo soul is a marketing phrase coined by producer and record label executive
Kedar Massenburg to describe a musical blend of 1970s soul-style vocals and
instrumentation with contemporary R&B sounds, hip hop beats and rap interludes. The
style was developed in the mid 1990s by artists such as Tony! Toni! Toné!, D'Angelo and
Soul II Soul.Erykah Badu, Lauryn Hill, Jill Scott and Angie Stone helped popularize the
sound Other notable performers include Rahsaan Patterson, Cody Chesnutt, Jaguar Wright,
Eric Benet, Amel Larrieux, Adriana Evans, Maxwell, Raphael Saadiq, India.Arie, Lalah
Hathaway, Anthony Hamilton, Musiq, Amp Fiddler, Alicia Keys, Joss Stone, John Legend
Floetry, Bilal, Leela James, Tom Fox, Goapele, N'dambi , YahZarah, Ledisi and Eric
Roberson.
[edit] Northern soul and modern soul
Further information: Northern soul & Modern soul
The phrase northern soul was coined by journalist Dave Godin and popularised in 1970
through his column in Blues and Soul magazine.[2] The term refers to rare soul music that
was played by DJs at nightclubs in northern England. The playlists originally consisted of
obscure 1960s and early 1970s American soul recordings with an uptempo beat, such as
those on Motown Records and more obscure labels such as Okeh Records. Modern soul
developed when northern soul DJs began looking in record shops in the United States and
United Kingdom for music that was more complex and contemporary. What emerged was a
richer sound that was more advanced in terms of Hi-Fi and FM radio technology.
[edit] See also



Easy listening
List of soul musicians
Spoken word soul
[edit] Audio samples

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

Download sample of Ray Charles' "What'd I Say", the most well-known hit from
Charles, a noted R&B and soul singer.
Download sample of The Delfonics' "Ready or Not Here I Come (Can't Hide From
Love)" from The Sound of Sexy Soul, one of the pioneering recordings of Philly soul
Download sample of Marvin Gaye's "What's Going On", a hit track that
transformed the soul genre from single-led pop music to cohesive albums with
socio-political lyrical content.
Download sample of D'Angelo's "Untitled (How Does It Feel)" from Voodoo.
D'Angelo is one of the most renowned male artists of the neo soul genre.
[edit] Footnotes
1. ^ http://www.rockhall.com/hof/inductee.asp?id=177
2. ^ For Dancers Only by Chris Hunt, Mojo. 2002]
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SOUL FACTS
Soul Analysis
Genres > soul
Genres
Soul Facts
Rock
About Soul
Pop
Soul borrowed the hysteria from sanctified church services
and applied it to more sensual themes. Its artists sung
messages of painful sincerity and personal redemption. This
was sacred music made secular.
Read more about soul ...
Folk
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Easy
Blues
Soul
Jazz
5 things you have to know
Reggae
Want to get yourself some sweet soul music? Radio
2's Mica Paris tells you how.
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5 albums you have to own
Must have albums for your Soul collection - find out
more.
Audio help
Key events in soul
Disco Inferno
Born out of soul, thedisco craze of the 70s inspires artists like
The Bee Gees, Donna Summer, Chic, Michael Jackson and
Sylvester. It also inspires some of the most cringe-inducing
fashions ever. Ray Charles
1959: Ray Charles plays a legendary gig at the New York's
temple of black music, the Apollo Theatre in Harlem. His
gospel and blues-inspired music outrages the black church but
helps to define the sound of soul. Motown Rules
Motown - Berry Gordy's massively successful Detroit record
company -polishes up the soul sound and then sells it to white
America. The original hit factory, it features acts like The
Supremes, Stevie Wonder and Marvin Gaye. What's Goin'
On?
What’s Goin’ On by Marvin Gaye brings Gaye's deep spiritual
beliefs and his views on issues ranging from poverty and
discrimination to the environment, drug abuse, political
corruption and Vietnam, right to the forefront of his music. An
evolution for Motown, Gaye and Soul in general.
Key soul songwriters
Brian and Eddie Holland and Lamont Dozier
(pictured) teamed up in 1963 and in the next
four years wrote and produced hundreds of
Motown hits during the label’s golden period,
nearly every one a soul classic – songs such as
"Stop! In the Name of Love", "Quicksand", "How
Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)", "Reach Out
I’ll Be There" and "You Can’t Hurry Love".
Stop! In The Name Of Love, performed
by The Supremes
I'm Ready For Love, performed by
Martha Reeves And The Vandellas
Reach Out I'll Be There, performed by
The Four Tops
A musical prodigy, Stevie Wonder bought soul
and R'n'B into the modern world, updating it with
flavoursome melodies, a pop instinct and an
occasionally political worldview. A series of
albums and hit singles in the 70s sealed his
reputation.
Superstition
Sir Duke
Uptight
The self-styled Godfather of Soul, James Brown
is dedicated to the groove. Certainly, nobody has
contributed more to the development of funk "Out of Sight", "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag",
"Get Up (I Feel Like Being A) Sex Machine",
every one a winner.
Get Up ( I Feel Like Being A ) Sex
Machine
It's A Man's, Man's. Man's World
Make It Funky Pt.1