Pronoun Party Vocabulary
Hic, haec, hoc – this, these (demonstrative)
Ille, illa, illud – that, those (demonstrative)
Is, ea, id – he, she, it; this/these, that/those (personal/demonstrative)
Īdem, eadem, idem – the same (demonstrative)
Ipse, ipsa, ipsum – him/her/itself (intensive); as noun, master/captain/leader
Objectives:
1. Students will differentiate types of pronouns (4.1)
2. Students will familiarize themselves with rules of formation common to all Latin
pronouns (1.1, 1.2)
3. Students will recognize key Latin pronouns in the context of a sentence and be able to
translate them into English (1.1, 1.2)
Review:
1. Pronouns are words that _________________________________________________.
2. Every pronoun has an antecedent, which is ___________________________________
____________________.
3. In the case of the relative pronoun qui, quae, quod, it must have the same __________
and ___________ as its antecedent, but does not have to have the same ______________.
Types of Pronouns
Both Latin and English (and most other languages) use a variety of pronouns. We
group them into one of the following categories:
1) Personal – these take the place of people or things. “I,” “you,” and “they” are
examples of personal pronouns.
2) Demonstrative – from demonstro, “to point out,” these indicate specific people,
places and things. “This” and “that” are demonstrative pronouns.
3) Interrogative – from rogo, “to ask,” these help ask questions about a person or
thing. When they lead off questions, the words “who” and “what” fall into this
category.
4) Intensive – from intendō, “to direct,” these words add emphasis to a noun or
pronoun. When used in this way, words like “himself” and “herself” are such
pronouns.
5) Reflexive – from reflectō, “to turn back,” these pronouns take the place of a
person or thing already mentioned in a sentence or paragraph. When used this
way, “himself” and “herself” are types of reflexive pronouns.
6) Relative – from referrō, “to bring back,” these pronouns refer to a noun earlier
in the sentence and introduce a clause that describes that noun further. When
used in this way, “who,” “which” and “that” are relative.
Practice In each sentence, circle the pronoun and tell if it is personal, demonstrative,
interrogative, intensive, reflexive or relative.
1. Were you talking with the emperor earlier? _________________________________
2. Reports indicate that the emperor himself will oversee final construction.
_____________________________
3. The emperor who succeeded Caligula was Claudius I. ________________________
4. The emperor likes to refer to himself in the third person. _______________________
5. What was the emperor asking his men to do? ________________________________
6. Many Romans were not fond of that emperor. ________________________________
The Basic Rules of Pronoun Forms in Latin
1. The genitive singular always ends in –ius (except personal pronouns).
2. The dative singular always ends in or includes –i.
3. The other endings, with rare notable exception (neuter forms, for example), tend to
follow patterns from 1st and 2nd declension. The nominative singular often does not, but
these are given to you in the vocabulary entry for free.
4. When followed by a consonant, the “m” ending common to the accusative singular and
genitive plural changes to an “n.”
The Demonstratives Hic and Ille
These two pronouns are the most common demonstratives in Latin. While they
can be used by themselves as personal pronouns, typically they are paired with a noun.
When used this way, they must agree with the noun in number, gender AND case, similar
to an adjective. Note in the charts where the pronoun forms follow the rules mentioned
above.
Hic, Singular Masc. Fem. Neut.
Hic
Haec Hoc
Nominative
Huius
Huius
Huius
Genitive
Huic Huic Huic
Dative
Accusative Hunc Hanc Hoc
Hōc
Hāc
Hōc
Ablative
Ille, Singular Masc. Fem. Neut.
Ille
Illa
Illud
Nominative
Illius Illius Illius
Genitive
Illī
Illī
Illlī
Dative
Accusative Illum Illam Illud
Illō
Illā
Illō
Ablative
Hic, Plural Masc. Fem. Neut.
Hī
Hae
Haec
Nominative
Hōrum
Hārum
Hōrum
Genitive
Hīs
Hīs
Hīs
Dative
Hōs
Hās
Haec
Accusative
Hīs
Hīs
Hīs
Ablative
Ille, Plural
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
Illī
Illae
Illa
Nominative
Illōrum Illārum Illōrum
Genitive
Illīs
Illīs
Illlīs
Dative
Illōs
Illās
Illa
Accusative
Illīs
Illīs
Illīs
Ablative
Practice Circle the form of hic or ille in each sentence and give the correct meaning
(account for case when necessary).
1. In hōc signō vincēs. _________________________________
2. Dā regī pecuniam illōrum hominum. ___________________________________
3. Hōs puerōs in agrō dormientēs vidī. ____________________________________
4. Illī urbī nomen est Eboracum. _________________________________________
The Pronoun Is
This pronoun can be used in one of two ways. By itself, it’s the personal pronoun
covering “he,” “she,” “it” and “they.” If paired with a noun, it can mean “this/these” or
“that/those.” It is used both ways equally often. Again, note how often the forms of this
pronoun follow the four key rules from before.
Is, Singular Masc. Fem. Neut.
Is
Ea
Id
Nominative
Eius Eius Eius
Genitive
Eī
Eī
Eī
Dative
Id
Accusative Eum Eam
Eō
Eā
Eō
Ablative
Is, Plural
Masc. Fem. Neut.
Eī
Eae
Ea
Nominative
Eōrum Eārum Eōrum
Genitive
Eīs
Eīs
Eīs
Dative
Eōs
Eās
Ea
Accusative
Eīs
Eīs
Eīs
Ablative
Practice Circle the form of is in the following sentences and give the correct meaning.
Remember, it is a personal pronoun by itself and a demonstrative when agreeing with a
noun.
1. Liber eius est in atriō. ______________________________________
2. Liberīs eās fabulās narrabimus. _______________________________
3. Is litterās mīsit. ________________________________
4. Gladiatorēs dominōs eīs gladiīs interfecērunt. ____________________
The Pronoun Idem
This pronoun, while it can be alone, is almost always paired with a noun.
Compare the forms of this pronoun with those of is above and see how close they are.
Īdem, Singular Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
Īdem
Eadem
Idem
Nominative
Eiusdem Eiusdem Eiusdem
Genitive
Eīdem
Eīdem
Eīdem
Dative
Eundem Eandem
Idem
Accusative
Eōdem
Eādem
Eōdem
Ablative
Īdem, Plural
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
Eīdem
Eaedem
Eadem
Nominative
Eōrundem Eārundem Eōrundem
Genitive
Eīsdem
Eīsdem
Eīsdem
Dative
Eōsdem
Eāsdem
Eadem
Accusative
Eīsdem
Eīsdem
Eīsdem
Ablative
Practice Circle the form of īdem in each sentence and translate it along with the noun
with which it is paired into English.
1. Eōdem tempore puellae in cubiculīs sedēbant. _______________________________
2. Eundem militem iterum cēperamus. _______________________________________
3. Marcus eīsdem amicīs dona dābat. _________________________________________
4. Cotidiē eaedem mulierēs ad tabernam venērunt. ______________________________
The Pronoun Ipse
This pronoun is often used in poetry by itself and has the sense of one in charge
(leader, general, captain, master). However, it is usually paired with a noun to intensify
its meaning. The forms are below.
Īpse, Singular Masc. Fem. Neut.
Īpse
Ipsa Ipsum
Nominative
Ipsius Ipsius Ipsius
Genitive
Ipsī
Ipsī
Ipsī
Dative
Accusative Ipsum Ipsam Ipsum
Ipsō
Ipsā
Ipsō
Ablative
Īpse, Plural
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
Īpsī
Ipsae
Ipsa
Nominative
Ipsōrum Ipsārum Ipsōrum
Genitive
Ipsīs
Ipsīs
Ipsīs
Dative
Ipsōs
Ipsās
Ipsa
Accusative
Ipsīs
Ipsīs
Ipsīs
Ablative
Practice Circle the form of ipse in the below sentences and translate it along with the
noun it modifies into English.
1. Ipsō factō, Caligula est imperator malus. __________________________________
2. Spectaculum ipsorum montium viatores superavit. ____________________________
3. Monstrā solum ipsī reginae nuntium. __________________________________
4. Ipsa corpora molem ingentem faciēbant. ________________________________
The Reflexive Pronoun
In Latin and English, the reflexive pronoun goes back to someone or something
mentioned earlier in a sentence or paragraph. As it has to go back to something said
earlier, the reflexive pronoun is unique among pronouns in that it lacks a nominative
form. It does have forms for the other cases, however. Also, it does not have a singular
and plural form; these can be used either way. Like most of the personal pronouns, the
reflexive pronoun only has one set of forms that cover all genders.
-Nominative
suī
Genitive
sibi
Dative
Accusative sē (sēsē)
sē (sēsē)
Ablative
When you translate this into English, it means “himself,” “herself,” “itself” or
“themselves,” depending on what it is reflecting back to. Alternately, we can use the
personal pronouns ego, tu, nos and vos reflexively; typically, this happens when the
subject is a pronoun and another form of the pronoun is used elsewhere. In the examples
below, the reflexive pronoun is underlined and the noun, pronoun or verb ending which it
goes back to is in bold.
Example: Regina sē in speculō vīdit. – The queen saw herself in the mirror.
Example: Carmen meī canō. – I sing the song of myself. (W. Whitman)
Example: Audisne tē dicentem? – Do you hear yourself speaking?
Practice Circle the reflexive pronoun in each sentence and underline the noun or verb
ending to which the pronoun goes back.
1. Orbis circum sē flectit. _______________________________________________
2. Nobis praemium dāre debēmus. _________________________________________
3. Junō sēcum putābat. _________________________________________________
4. Socratēs “Sapientissimī hominēs sēsē optimē cognoscunt.” ______________________