Carbohydratesmonomers are
monosaccharides (=
simple sugars)
 Contain C,H,O
 Short-term energy
storage
 Categorized into simple
& complex types
 Come from plants &
glycogen from meat
products
 Short-term energy
storage in organs
 Ex’s: starch, glucose,
glycogen, cellulose,
fructose, sucrose
Lipids: glycerol group
and fatty acid chains
 Non-polar- don’t
dissolve in H2O
 Release energy for use
in cells (highest amt. of
energy compared to
any other MM)
 Provide protection for
organs & cells (cell
membrane)
 Aid in the absorption of
vitamins
 Come in saturated
(beef, animal oils,
butter) or unsaturated
form (veggie oils, fish
oils).
 Regulates tissue
inflammation and repair
 Maintains body heat
 Meats, dairy products,
oils, steroids,
hormones
Proteins: amino acids
 Come in several
different shapes; more
than 100,000 kinds in
the body
 Enzymes help
regulate chemical
reactions
 Structural material
helps in repair of body
(hair, skin, nails)
 Made through protein
synthesis (central
dogma of biology)
 Help protect body
from pathogens
(antibodies)
 Transport CO2 and
O2 throughout
bloodstream
 Allows muscle
contraction
 Ex’s: enzymes, meat
products, dairy, nuts,
hemoglobin (blood),
myosin & actin
(muscle fibers)
Nucleic Acids:
nucleotides (nitrogen
base, phosphorous
group, sugar)
- DNA bases
Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine, Thymine
- RNA  Uracil,
Adenine, Cytosine,
Guanine.
 Comes in either 1
(RNA) or 2 strands
(DNA)
 Replication—process
by which DNA copies
itself.
 Contain hereditary
info. And instructions
for making proteins.
 Responsible for
increasing genetic
diversity through
reproduction
 Ex’s: RNA, DNA