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World History Semester Review
Complete the semester review. It is due the day of your semester exam.
1. Define the Neolithic Revolution. (It was a time when early humans mastered ________)
The Neolithic Revolution was the change from hunting and gathering to the keeping of animals and growing
of food. It was when early humans mastered animals – domestication – and agriculture.
2. What method is used to determine the age of an artifact or fossil using chemistry?
Radiocarbon dating - used by archeologists and anthropologists - dates artifacts and fossils using
chemistry.
3. How did the Neolithic Revolution cause the Ancient River Valley civilizations to develop?
The Neolithic Revolution had people begin to build settlements near water sources. These water sources
were usually rivers, where people could use the water to grow crops. This brings about the ancient river
valley civilizations.
4. Define a secondary and primary source.
A primary source is a document or an artifact from the time period you are studying. This would include
fossils, photos, and music. A secondary source is something that analyzes and interprets the primary
source. This would include textbooks, biographies, or academic journals.
5. Determine which of the following are primary, secondary, or could be either sources:
a. Textbook b. Almanac c. Dictionary d. Autobiography e. biography
f. Encyclopedia g. Photo h. music
An autobiography, a photo, and music are primary sources.
A textbook, an almanac, a dictionary, a biography, and an encyclopedia are secondary sources.
6. Identify the name of the Ancient River Valley Civilizations using the rivers as a guide and complete the remainder of
the chart for each civilization.
Mesopotamia
Indus River Valley China
Name of
Egypt
civilization
Nile River
Yellow and Huang
River(s)
Tigris and
Indus
Euphrates River
He
Polytheistic
Polytheistic
Polytheistic –
Religion
Polytheistic
monotheistic for Jews
Hinduism
worship ancestor
City – states,
Theocracy, where the
Caste system –
Warrior kings,
Government
eventually an
king made himself a
the higher the
Mandate of
emperor
god
caste the more
Heaven
power
Epic of Gilgamesh They used
Sanskrit – syllabic Written
Writing
hieroglyphics that
writing system
characters that
is the oldest work
were logographic to
represent words
of literature.
Cuneiform
write on papyrus
or ideas
Use of stone/brick Astronomy (predict when Toilets and the
Iron, silk, money,
Innovations
the river would flood),
sewage/plumbing
and print making
for building
material, plow,
pyramids, geometry
system
sail, ziggurat
7. Define monotheism and polytheism. Determine which are polytheistic and monotheistic from the quotes below:
a. We must return to the ideas of the Bible. We should encourage people to read and interpret religious
scripture for themselves. Monotheism – Protestant
b. Our people worship many gods, who control the people’s activities, such as birth, death, and commerce.
Polytheism – Hinduism
c. Our people received the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai. We are few in number, but we will bring these
commandments to all people. Monotheism – Judaism (Jewish)
d. We trace our religion’s birth to the flight of our greatest prophet from Mecca to Medina. Monotheism Islam
Monotheism – belief in one god
Polytheism – belief in many gods
8. After a great Ice Age the Neolithic Revolution occurred, how did this make people need rules, laws, and taxes?
With people living together, the need for rules came about so there was not chaos and everyone doing
whatever they wanted – that is called anarchy.
Name:_______________________________________ Period:___ Due: Day of Semester Exam
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9. Prehistoric peoples were not busy farming; they were busy doing what to get their meals? (Hint: They need meat
and veggies). Prehistoric peoples were hunters and gatherers.
10. Describe Hammurabi’s law code. Was it uniform, justifiable, granted mercy, applied to just the poor? Find your
favorite rule and include it in your description. Hammurabi’s Code was the first uniform law code. However, it
was not equal for everyone. Punishments depended on class. For instance, the upper class could pay
money to the lower classes, versus lower class if caught stealing, the hand would be cut off. Eye for an
eye, tooth for a tooth is the most popular/well known law.
11. What was the political impact of Hammurabi’s law code?
The political impact of Hammurabi’s Code was that no matter what city you lived in during the Babylon
Empire, you had to follow the same laws.
12. Describe the Ten Commandments.
The Ten Commandments were the moral expectations given to Moses and the Jewish people. They were
religious laws and expectations of behavior.
13. What was the moral impact of the Ten Commandments?
They forbade stealing, blasphemy, committing adultery and jealousy/greed of other peoples stuff.
14. Complete the following chart of philosophies and religions:
Religion
Date founded
Buddhism
520 BC
Hinduism
1500 BC
Judaism
2000 BC
Christianity
30 AD
Zoroastrianism
1000 BC
Islam
622 AD
Founder
Siddhartha
Gautama
(Buddha)
Aryan Priests
Abraham,
Moses,
Zoraster
Mohammad
Holy Figures
Buddha
Yahweh (God)
Poly
Ahura Mazda
and Angra
Mainyu
Monotheistic
Mohammad
Allah
Poly or Mono
Brahman
Vishnu and
Shiva
Polytheistic
Prophets
based of the
teachings of
Jesus
Father Son
Holy Spirit
(Trinity)
Monotheistic
Description/
main principles
Reincarnation
until you have
enlightenment
Reincarnation
can be reborn
in a higher
caste in caste
system
Vedas
Obey God’s
commandments
Live ethically
Compassion
One god, dual
good and evil
humans free
to do good or
evil
Zendavesta
Humans
must submit
to will of
Allah
Monotheistic
Tripatka,
Torah
Bible
sutras
Avoid
Yoga,
Gave 10
Heaven or
First
Impact on the
suffering,
devotion to
commandments hell, largest
monotheistic
world
receive
god/goddess
Ethical morals
religion
religion
enlightenment
15. Match the description of the following governments to their description:
a. Single ruler
1. Aristocracy - E
b. Rule by few
2. Republic - C
c. Rule by many indirectly through
3. Tolitarianism - F
voting
4. Monarchy - A
d. Rule by three
5. Democracy - G
e. Rule by the upper/ rich class
6. Oligarchy - B
f. Rule by one, by force and fear
7. Triumvirate - D
g. Rule by direct citizen vote
Holy text
Monotheistic
Quaran
Five Pillars,
huge impact
in Middle
East
16. How did the geography of Greece aide in the development of independent city-states? (EX: Sparta vs. Athens)
The mountains and islands of Greece helped spread out the cities of Greece, causing them to be fiercely
independent.
17. What was the name of the leader who conquered Darius’s Persian Empire and ushered in the Hellenistic era?
Alexander the Great was the name of the leader who conquered the Persian Empire and brought about the
Hellenistic Era.
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18. Explain why the Royal Road in Persia was important and influenced the building of roads in future empires such as
Rome. The Royal Road in Persia was important because it connected the parts of the empire to each other.
The Romans would do the same – to get their legions to places quickly for defense.
19. During the Zhou Dynasty the Mandate of Heaven was created. Describe the mandate of heaven and how it created
the dynastic cycle. A ruler could keep the Mandate of Heaven by? The Mandate of Heaven is the belief that
Heaven – which was an impersonal law of nature – kept order in the universe through the Zhou King. In other
words, the king was given authority to rule by heaven.
20. Through his conquests into India the above man spread ________ culture and could have come into contact with
what polytheistic religion in India? This one was moved, sorry, it was ALEXANDER the Great, Hinduism
21. Why did the Qin build the Great Wall of China? (Think of Mulan)
The Great Wall was built for protection – they wanted to keep out invaders such as the Huns.
22. Because the Ancient river valleys came before the classical, in what ways were they able to influence them?
Politically, socially, monument buildings, written law codes, social classes.
23. Aside from plastic surgery India during the Classical era also made advancements in what fields?
Astronomy, math (pi and zero)
24. Decide what following advancements were or were not made by the Chinese during the Tang dynasty
Porcelain, movable type, gun powder, mechanical clock, paper money, magnetic compass
All were from the Tang
25. Complete the chart of Chinese philosophies created during the Zhou dynasty:
Philosophy
Confucianism
Daoism
Founder
Confucius
Legalism
Name:_______________________________________ Period:___ Due: Day of Semester Exam
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Main Ideas
Follow a moral code of
conduct,
Follow the Dao, the way
Obey the strict law code
or be punished
Impact
Chinese politics, civil
service
Split from politics and
follow nature
A strict law code
26. Even though the above philosophies were in China, why did Buddhism spread rapidly throughout China?
It provided a spiritual connection and did not just offer a social philosophy
27. What Specific geological feature limited China from contact with other lands? (Hint Everest) The mountains
(Himalayans) kept China from contact with India, the Altay kept them from contact with the north, and the
Tian and Kunlun mountains kept them from contact with the west.
28. Athens, Greece developed what political system we use in America today? How is it different today?
They developed the idea of the republic which we utilize today.
29. The following are images from Ancient Greece, Rome, and the Middle ages. Match the statements to the correct
image:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Perfect, god-like form Greece and Rome
Political leaders central to peoples’ lives Rome
Usually monotheistic religious in nature Middle Ages
Realistic Greece and Rome
Patrons of Christian art Middle Ages
Show perfection of polytheistic gods and goddesses Greece
Leaders are god-like Rome
30. Describe the Roman 12 Tables and how they later became the basis for laws in the Western world.
Written list of rules based off of the Roman legal system, later became the basis for laws in social issues and politics.
31. Name at least three additional contributions the Romans gave to the American government.
Trial by jury, Veto, 3 branches of government, senate, assembly
32. What did the Nicene Code do to Christianity?
Unified and set standards for the Catholic Church.
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33. Describe the technique of a fresco and the origins.
Paint, water, plaster, mix and paint on walls, Rome
34. The main architectural achievements of the Romans were domes, arches, aqueducts. Draw and describe them each.
35. Romans used what language to communicate? Why did the Catholic Church use this language?
Latin, it was created during the same time.
36. Why did the Roman Empire split in half? Why did the Western Roman Empire fall while the East continued to survive
known as the Byzantine Empire with its capital at Constantinople?
Too large to rule by Dioclentian, because it wasn’t effected by the issues of Rome, and had a great location for trade.
37. Why is Justinian’s Code of law significant?
It was a compilation of Roman laws
38. After the Great Schism the Eastern Roman Empire stopped being Catholic and became? What is their most famous
church?
Eastern Orthodox.
39. Describe the Caste System in India
Strict Social Class.
40. The Greeks are best known for focusing on balance and proportion that is how they created three types of
_________, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
Columns
41. Match the famous Greek scientist to their achievement
Eratosthenes, Aristarchus, Hipparchus, Euclid, Archimedes, Pythagoras
Latitude and longitude, size of the Earth , Earth revolves around the sun, Geometry, Value of Pi, advancements in
physics
42. Based off of the image below where did the Silk Road begin and finish?
Asia Rome
43. What were four of the commodities traded along the Silk Road? Was the travel easy or difficult?
Silk, tea, spices, food, etc, dif.
44. Below is the African-Gold Salt trade. What different continents were connected? Europe, Asia, Africa
Name:_______________________________________ Period:___ Due: Day of Semester Exam
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45. The Gold-Salt trade allowed many West African Kingdoms to expand, which only stopped due to?
European Expansion and the slave trade
46. Describe a Caravan and how the Silk-road and the African Gold-Salt trade aided in cultural diffusion.
Camels carrying goods, Islam spread
47. Christianity was forced to develop under the oppression of the Romans and after spreading and thought could not be
stamped out was adopted and known as the Roman Catholic Church. How is the structure of the Catholic Church like
a triangle? Draw and label yours.
Pope, 1, goes on top, then Cardinals, Priests, lay-people
48. The middle ages in the West was forced by the collapse of the government and invasions. People left the cities in
order to seek protection and settled on Manors and the Feudal system developed. Even though everyone was split on
different manors what institution connected everyone?
Catholic church
49. Define Tithe.
donating 10% of your wages to the church.
50. Describe what you would find on a manor.
Everything needed for daily living, mill, forest, housing, farming, river, well, castle for the lord
51. During the Middle ages there was an increase or decrease of trade? Why?
Decrease, the plague and war
52. Draw the Feudal pyramid and the connection between all involved. Make sure to include Lord, Vassal, Fief, Serf.
Triangle, King on top, Lord, Knight, Vassal (lower knight), Serf, land moves from the king down, and money and
loyalty move up
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53. Who had the real power under the Feudal system?
The Lord
54. Define Chivalry.
Code of knights
55. Define a feudal contract.
unwritten contract of loyalty between a lord and his vassal (knight)
56. What were the Crusades? What was the original reason for knights to go? How did the conclusion aide in people
disbelieving in the Catholic Church?
knights were sent by the pope to defend the Byzantine Empire from the Mulslims and reclaim the holy land from the
Muslims. For God then later money. The church lost therefore people lost belief.
57. Describe the Black Death and how it led to people leaving manors.
spread from Mongolia through war then to Italy by trade, fleas on the black rats. So many people died it created a
labor shortage so people asked for raises from their lords and left when they were not given any increase….going
back to cities and leading to the Renaissance.
58. The 100 years war was fought over and between whom? How did it strengthen the kings’ power?
land, France and England, they became the single leaders and united all of the knights and lords
59. Although the Catholic Church provided care for the sick and unified Europe why did some people start turning away
from the Church? They could not stop the plague, lost in the Crusades
60. Define the inquisition and determine how this helped keep followers of the Catholic Church doing what they were
supposed to. Catholic Court, they determined who was not following the Catholic church and had them tortured until
they recanted, those that did not or were repeat offenders were killed.
61. Which Mongolian Khans were able to take over all of Asia and parts of the Middle East and Europe?
Kublai and Genghis
62. Describe the Magna Carta signed in 1215 and how it affected the king and the people.
Agreement with the king that the people should be given more rights, gave the power to the people and limited the
kings power.
63. The Renaissance is known as the rebirth of what two cultures?
Greek and Roman
64. Describe the idea of humanism developed during the Renaissance. Did this help or hurt the power of the Catholic
Church? Focus on the individual, hurt people started to think about them selves more then the Church.
65. Describe Secularism and how it was used in Renaissance paintings.
Worldly view, and people started to paint things outside of the church and not for the church
66. How did the revival of trade in Italy and the end of the plague aide in the creation of the Renaissance?
The increase in wealth allowed the rich to support painters and artists.
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67. What impact did the printing press make?
Spead ideas, images, books, cheaply and quickly
68. Who is attributed with starting the Protestant Reformation and what are the 95 Theses?
Martin Luther, 95 things he wanted the Catholic Church to change, mostly about indulgences
69. Define Indulgences. Would this cause you to go against the church and possibly be killed?
Paying to erase your sins and go to heaven…
70. Describe the Protestant Reformation and the impact the printing press and the ideas of humanism had on its development.
Because people had their bibles and thought of themselves and lost blind faith in the church, they came up with their own
interpretations and decided to worship differently then in the Catholic Church.
71. Henry VIII became the leader of what church and why? How did the change of religions impact England politically?
Church of England (Anglican), they were near Catholic countries and this created tension also within England as several people
were a different type of protestant or Catholic.
72. How was the Council of Trent a counter reformation for the Catholic Church? What changes were made to the Catholic Church?
It was to reform the Church and bring people back to the church by ending indulgences and having priests help communities and
preach to the people
73. Exploration was caused by the three G’s, what are they?
Gold God Glory
74. Christopher Columbus was looking for the Indies and found Cuba. Using your knowledge and the diagram below answer the
following questions a. How did the Columbian Exchange affect the New World? b. How did it effect the Old World?
The old world gained one disease and lots of food, labor, natural resources the New received diseases and
75. Describe the Middle Passage of the Trans-Atlantic Slave trade.
The travel of slaves in a cramp environment. Many died of disease and malnutrition, some tried to jump off and be eaten by the
sharks that followed.
76. How did the Columbian exchange spur a commercial revolution in Europe and the need to colonize the Americas?
All of the goods brought from the New World made the countries that had the ability try to take over areas in America to grow
crops.
77. Define Joint-stock company and give and example.
Several people pool money together in order to colonize/ create products, like James town in Virginia.
78. Define Capitalism.
Individuals own companies and factories and sell goods for their own benefit.
79. Define Mercantilism and describe how it was developed by the Columbian Exchange.
The idea a country is exporting more then importing thus having a profitable trade…..through colonies they were able to gain
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natural resources to create a refined product and sell back to the colonies or to other countries.
80. Describe the impact of the Olmec on Meso-American cultures.
They were the basis for MesoAmerican cultures including polytheism and human sacrifice.
81. The Aztecs were known for their human sacrifices, what innovations are they known for?
Calendars, idea or tribute, astronomy
82. How did the Aztec civilization meet its end?
Conquistador cortez who had guns and dogs of war attacked the Aztecs weakened from the plague,
83. The Inca are known for their Sacrifices and medicinal use of Cocoa, what innovations are they known for?
Calendar, Astronomy, quipa (math system from a string of knots)
84. How did the Inca meet their end?
Conquistador Pizzaro, same as the Aztecs
85. Based off of the image below what was the triangular trade?
Movement of goods and people between the old and new world
86. Describe the Declaration of Independence and its purpose.
Declared the Colonies Independent from England, described unalienable rights, and listed grievances that would be an outline for
the Bill of rights.
87. Define Unalienable rights.
Rights that cannot be taken away
88. Label the following true/False regarding the U.S. Constitution: Created 3 branches of government, provided checks and balances,
Created federal system, Bill of Rights
All true
Name:_______________________________________ Period:___ Due: Day of Semester Exam
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Famous People in World History
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
a.
Hammurabi R
Gilgamesh W
Caesar T
Jesus A
Diocletian S
Thomas Jefferson C
Darius U
Siddhartha Gautama V
Pythagoras X
Justinian P
Henry VIII L
Moses E
Martin Luther G
Muhammad D
Aristarchus H
Pope O
Suleiman I
Charlemagne N
Moors F
Christopher Columbus J
Hernando Cortez Q
Pizarro Z
Leonardo Da Vinci M
Michelangelo Y
Raphael K
John Calvin B
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
x.
y.
z.
Taught compassion and founded a religion that
would grow within a polytheistic empire
Believed Government and religion should be
interrelated
Wrote the Declaration of Independence
Founder and Prophet of Islam
Collector of the 10 commandments
Muslims who took over southern Europe and led
Scientific advancements and education
Started the Protestant Reformation with his 95
theses
Great Physics mind
Ottoman Sultan who made advances into Hungary
and Austria
Found Cuba and started the Columbian Exchange
Sculpted David
Founded the Church of England in order to divorce
his wife.
The true Renaissance man, inventor, painter, and
scientist
Crowned a Roman Emperor during the Middle Ages.
Leader of the Catholic Church
King of the Byzantine Empire who saw the Roman
laws complied and the Hagia Sophia built.
Led the invasion and destruction of the Aztecs
Creator of the first strict but uniform law code
Split the Roman Empire in Half
Senator and leader of the Roman Army who wished
to become an Emperor but killed by his friends.
Persian Emperor, great builder, and leader of army.
Founder of Buddhism in India
Fictional Character in the 1st piece of literature who
seeks immortality but finds it is only for the gods
Great mathematician who led several discoveries in
geometry
Great artist who painted the Sistine Chapel.
Led to the destruction of the Incas
Eras in World History
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Pre-history
Ancient Civilizations
Classical Civilizations
Middle Ages
Renaissance
Reformation
Exploration
a. Due to the ideas of humanism, the ability to receive a personal bible written in the spoken language, and the
printing press circulating ideas of Martin Luther, John Calvin, and ugly images of the Pope people started to go
against the Catholic Church and create their own ways to worship. 6
b. Before the written word. Era of the cave-men, hunter-gathers 1
c. Driven by God, Gold, and Glory, along with the need for safer and quicker trade routes to spices and innovations
in sailing. 7
d. Time of MICE, Mesopotamia, Indus River valley, China, and Egypt, the start of the first civilizations took place due
to the Neolithic Revolution that allowed people to remain sedentary. 2
e. Time of Chaos, war, plague, unified by the Catholic church, lack of trade, and the use of Maorialism and
Feudalism 4
f. Rebirth ofGreek and Roman Cultures, humanism, secularism, education, trade, Art, music, started in Italy. 5
g. Persia, Greece, Rome, time of high tend philosophy, basis of governments begin, education, art, music, ends to
invasion, political greed, reduction of morality, and increased economic instability. 3