AG V03 Plant Biology: Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protista (Ch 20) © copyright 2011 Marta D. de Jesus
I. In general
A. earliest group of eukaryotes
1. cells
2. primary endosymbiosis
B. most
some
C. asexual reproduction
D. sexual reproduction
1. requires
a. meiosis
b. fertilization
gametes
gametangium
zygote
2. leads to complex life cycles/histories
a. Haplontic:
b. Diplontic:
c. Alternation of Generation:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_life_cycle
life cycles in Spanish: http://www.uniovi.es/bos/Asignaturas/Botanica/9.htm
E. largely sorted by DNA but other characteristics used too
1. morphology
a. unicellular
b. colony:
c. filament:
d. multicellular complex:
2. biochemistry
a. chemoheterotroph
b. photoautotroph
c. photoheterotroph
3. method of moving self
a. flagella:
b. cilia:
c. amoeboid flow:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SuE-HH3Z6c
d. gliding:
4. habitat
eg: statospores
F. extremely diverse
G. What are algae?
II. Protist Phyla
A. Very early protist phyla
B. P: Euglenophyta/Euglenozoa
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. secondary endosymbiosis
6. eyespot
7. pellicle
8.
9. reproduce
eg: Euglena
Phacus
C. P: Dinophyta = Pyrrophyta
1.
2.
3.
4. secondary endosymbiosis
5. “grass of the sea”
6. bloom
7. toxins
8. bioluminesce
eg: Akishiwo sanguinea
Alexandrium catenella
Ceratium
Gonyaulax/Lingulodinium
D. P: Oomycota
1.
2.
3. Saprolegnia diplontic LC
4. Phytophthora infestans = late blight of potato
5. Plasmopara viticola = downy mildew of grapes
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/LECT06.HTM
E. P: Chromophyta
heterokonts
1. C: Xanthophyceae
a.
b.
c. Oomycota
eg: Vaucheria, Stipitococcus
http://silicasecchidisk.conncoll.edu/LucidKeys/Carolina_Key/html/Vaucheria_Reproduction.html
2. C: Chrysophyceae
a.
b.
c. statospores
eg: Dinobryon (in wrong class in chapter)
3. C: Bacillariophyceae
eg: Cymatopleura
a.
grass of the sea
b.
c. unusual cell walls
2 shapes
centric
pennate
d. unusual diplontic LC
e. economically
diatomaceaous earth
f.
g. Chaetoceros
h. Pseudonitzschia
4. C: Phaeophyceae
eg: Fucus LC atypical
most
a.
b.
kelps
c.
d. ecologically important
eg: Macrocystis
Nereocystis, Sargassum
Lobophora
e. economically important: algin(ate)
f. Undaria = wakame
F. P: Prymnesiophyta = haptophytes
eg: Emiliana
1.
2.
haptonema
3.
“grass of the sea”
coccolithophores
4.
G. P: Cryptophyta
eg: Cryptomonas
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. evolutionary step
nucleomorph
H. SubK: Viridiplantae
1. P: Rhodophyta
eg: Botryocladia, Stenogramme, Gigartina, Gelidium
a.
b.
c. complicated alternation of generation life cycles
eg: Polysiphonia LC
d. ecologically important
e. economically important:
1)
eg: Gelidium spp
Chondrus crispus = Irish moss
Gloiopeltis = funori
2)
eg: Porphyra = nori
Palmaria palmata = dulse
3)
2. P: Chlorophyta
a.
b. unicellular
eg: Chlamydomonas
Chlorella
Micromonas
c. colonial
eg: Volvox
Pediastrum
Scenedesmus
Hydrodictyon
d. filamentous
eg: Ulothrix
Oedogonium
e. multicellular forms
eg: Acetabularia = mermaids’ wine glass
green seaweeds
eg: Ulva
Cladophora
f.
g.
h. ecologically
i. economically
3. P: Charophyta = stoneworts
eg: Chara
(some of these species are in wrong phylum in chapter)
a.
b.
c.
d. haplontic LC
eg: Spirogyra
e. unicellular
eg: desmids - Closterium, Micrasterias
f. filamentous
Spirogyra
g. multicellular forms - these led to land plants
eg: Coleochaete
I. P: Myxomycota = plasmodial slime molds
1.
2. diplontic LC
3.
4.
5.
6. plasmodium
eg: Physarum
7. sporangia
eg: Lamproderma, Lycolgala, Stemonitis
http://cchsbio.blogspot.com/2008/01/plasmodial-slime-mold-video.html (first ~50sec)
J. P: Dictyosteliomycota = cellular slime molds
eg: Dictyostelium
1.
2.
3. slug
4.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWGA7kIeE0Q