Grade 11 Pre-AP Biology
Exam Review – Topics and Lessons worth Reviewing
Unit 1: Genetic Processes

Cell & Cell Organelles: Doing Life’s Work (Powerpoint)
o Cell organelles and their functions
o Order or organelles involved in protein synthesis starting from DNA in nucleus

Bozeman Biology: What is DNA? (Worksheet from YouTube clip)
o Structure of DNA, antiparallel nature of DNA

Mitosis (photocopy from textbook – you highlighted)
o Know each stage, be able to identify stages given a diagram

DNA Replication (Powerpoint)
o Leading vs. Lagging strand, role and limitations of DNA Polymerase I and II
o During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles (Powerpoint)
o All terminology
o Know each stage of Meiosis, be able to identify stages given a diagram
o Sources of genetic variability (mutations, independent assortment, crossing over, random
fertilization)

Mutations (Worksheet)
o Types of mutations (gene vs. chromosome)
 Gene mutations = substitution (missense, silent, nonsense) and frameshift (insertion and
deletion)
 Chromosome mutations = deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation
o Be able to identify type of mutation given strand of normal DNA vs. mutated DNA and be able to
predict effect (if there is an effect) on organism

Mendel and the Gene Idea
o Law of Segregation and Monohybrid Crosses & Dihybrid Crosses and the Law of
Independent Assortment (Powerpoints)
o Spongebob Genetics Worksheets
o Punnett squares, let statements, determining probabilities

Beyond Mendelian Genetics (Powerpoint)
o ABO Blood Type Worksheet, Genetics Practice 2: Beyond the Basics Worksheet
o Complete, Incomplete, Codominance (Spectrum of Dominance)
o Lethal dominant, lethal recessive, ABO blood types, Sex-linked
o Punnett squares, let statements, determining probabilities

Chapter 15: Chromosomes and Hereditary (Assignment)
o Developing Conclusions about Different Modes of Inheritance & Pedigree Analysis
Worksheets
o Patterns of Inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked
recessive
o Nondisjunction

LAB: Virtual Fly Lab, Chi Square Analysis – M&M Statistics
o Be able to complete a chi-squared problem and interpret results
Unit 2: Evolution

Evidence of Evolution by Natural Selection (Powerpoint)
o Postulates of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
 variation in populations, overproduction of offspring, struggle for existence – competition,
differential survival and reproduction (fitness), emergence of new species
o Homologous Structures vs. Analogous Structures – what they are and what do they say about
evolution? (convergent vs. divergent evolution)

Evolution of Populations (Powerpoint)
o Agents of evolutionary change (mutations, gene flow, non-random mating, genetic drift and
natural selection)
o Modes of selection (directional, disruptive, stabilizing, sexual)

Measuring Evolution in Populations (Powerpoint)
o Population Genetics and the Hardy-Weinberg Law Worksheet
o Hardy-Weinberg Equation
 Frequency of Individuals (Genotype Frequencies): homozygous dominant (p2) ,
homozygous recessive (q2), heterozygous (2pq) VS. Allele frequencies: dominant
alleles (p), recessive alleles (q)
 Compare a population over many generations and decide if there is evidence of
evolution.

Chapter 24: Origin of Species
o Biological species concept
o Barriers that cause isolation: pre-zygotic (habitat isolation, behavioural isolation, temporal
isolation, mechanical isolation, gamete isolation) and post-zygotic (hybrid inviability, hybrid
sterility)
o Allopatric vs. sympatric speciation

LAB: Examining the Parameters of the Hardy-Weinberg Equation using an Excel Spreadsheet
(Deme 1.0) & Deme 1.0 Population Genetics Assessment
o Effect of population size on the degree of influence of genetic drift on a population
o Relationship between allele frequency and the distribution of phenotypes on a population
o Effect of selection against homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive and heterozygous
individuals on both allele and genotype frequencies.
o Effect of selection for dominant and recessive allele on both allele and genotype frequencies.
Unit 3: Diversity of Life

Viruses “Scavenger Hunt” Worksheet
o Characteristics of a virus
o Viral reproduction: temperate vs. virulent phage
 Temperate phage reproduction (lysogenic cycle) – know diagram
 The immune system of bacteria: restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes)

Importance of Bilateral Symmetry in Animals

LAB 21: Evolution and Classification (Phylogeny of Caminalcules) & Gel Electrophoresis: The
Case of the Crown Jewels Activity
o Phylogenetic Trees (degree of relatedness of different species – the more closely related the
more recent their common ancestor)
o Gel Electrophoresis – be able to read one
Unit 4: Internal Systems

The Cell Membrane and Transport (Powerpoint)
o Cellular Transport Worksheets
o Hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic
o Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis
o Osmosis

Day 3 – The Mammalian Heart (Powerpoint) & The Mammalian Cardiovascular System –
Overview (Worksheet)
o Anatomy of the heart (chambers and valves)
o Direction of blood flow through the heart
o Cardiac Cycle and valves
o Pacemaker of the heart – sinoatrial node

Efficient Gas Exchange (Powerpoint)
o Negative Pressure Breathing – know pressure and volume changes when inhale and exhale
o How breathing is controlled – medulla and pons – effect of CO2

Steps of Respiration/Gas Exchange (Powerpoint)
o Gas Exchange Review Worksheet
o O2 dissociation curves for hemoglobin (effect of temperature and pH on hemoglobin)

Digestive System – Textbook chapter photocopy
o Anatomy and function of each part
o Peristalsis

Immune/Lymphatic System (Powerpoint)
o Innate Immunity: First and Second Lines of Defense

3rd Line: Acquired Immunity
o Immune System Review Worksheet
o B cell immune response and primary (1°) and secondary (2°) response to disease
o T cell immune response

LAB: Determining the Molar Concentration of Potato Cores using Osmosis

LAB: Lung Capacity Lab
o Effect of exercise (long term vs. short term) on TV and VC.
Unit 5: Plants

Evolution and Classification of Plants (Powerpoint)
o Alternations of generations in the four different types of plants
o Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms (monocot vs. dicot)

Microviewer Assignment: Anatomy and Growth of Vascular Plants
o Leaf cross section parts and functions, photosynthesis
o Vascular tissue (Xylem and Phloem)

Transport in Plants (Powerpoint)
o Water and minerals, Sugars and Gas Exchange
o Water potential, Adhesion, Cohesion, hydrogen bonding

LAB: Transpiration in Vascular Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
o Tropisms (+ and -), Important plant hormones (all)