NAME:
Reproduction Regents Review
DATE:
Mr. Dardzinski
Choose the best answer and write it on the blank.
___ 1. Steps in a reproductive process used to produce a sheep
with certain traits are listed below.
- Step 1 -- The nucleus was removed from an unfertilized egg
taken from sheep A.
- Step 2 -- The nucleus of a body cell taken from sheep B was
then inserted into this unfertilized egg from sheep A.
- Step 3 -- The resulting cell was then implanted into the uterus
of sheep C.
- Step 4 -- Sheep C gave birth to sheep D.
Which sheep would be most genetically similar to sheep D?
1. sheep A, only
2. sheep B, only
3. sheep A and B
4. sheep A and C
___ 2. The diagram shown represents chromosomes in a zygote.
Which diagrams best illustrate the daughter cells that result from
normal mitotic cell division of this zygote?
Big or Small Family:
___ 4. Within which structure in the human body does
specialization of parts of the developing baby take place?
1. ovary
2. uterus
3. testis
4. pancreas
___ 5. The human reproductive system is regulated by
1. restriction enzymes
2. antigens
3. complex carbohydrates
4. hormones
___ 6. In sexually reproducing species, the number of
chromosomes in each body cell remains the same from one
generation to the next as a direct result of
1. meiosis and fertilization
2. mitosis and mutation
3. differentiation and aging
4. homeostasis and dynamic equilibrium
___ 7. Individual cells can be isolated from a mature plant and
grown with special mixtures of growth hormones to produce a
number of genetically identical plants. This process is known as
1. cloning
2. meiotic division
3. recombinant DNA technology
4. selective breeding
___ 8. Which process normally occurs at the placenta?
1. Oxygen diffuses from fetal blood to maternal blood.
2. Materials are exchanged between fetal and maternal blood.
3. Maternal blood is converted into fetal blood.
4. Digestive enzymes pass from maternal blood to fetal blood.
___ 3. Which diagram best represents part of the process of
sperm formation in an organism that has a normal chromosome
number of eight?
___ 9. In animals, the normal development of an embryo is
dependent on
1. fertilization of a mature egg by many sperm cells
2. production of new cells having twice the number of
chromosomes as the zygote
3. production of body cells having half the number of
chromosomes as the zygote
4. mitosis and the differentiation of cells after fertilization has
occurred
___ 10. Which statement correctly describes the genetic makeup
of the sperm cells produced by a human male?
1. Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually
genetically identical.
2. Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually
genetically different.
3. Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and
the cells are usually genetically identical.
4. Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and
the cells are usually genetically different.
___ 11. Toxins can harm a developing fetus. They usually enter
the fetus by the process of
1. blood flow from the mother to the fetus
2. active transport from the ovary
3. diffusion across placental membranes
4. recombination of genes from the fetus and mother
Base your answers to questions 12 - 15 on the diagram and on
your knowledge of biology.
___ 12. Which letter indicates a structure that secretes a
hormone that promotes maturation of gametes?
___ 13. Which sequence represents the path of sperm leaving
the body?
1. A→C→G
2. A→C→B
3. E→F→H
4. D→F→G
___ 14. Which structures aid in the transport of sperm by
secreting fluid?
1. A and H
2. B and E
3. C and D
4. D and H
___ 15. Which pair of letters indicates a structure that produces
gametes and a structure that makes possible the delivery of
gametes for internal fertilization, respectively?
1. A and D
2. B and D
3. A and H
4. B and H
___ 16. . Which statement describes one function of the placenta
in mammals?
1. It allows blood of the mother to mix with the blood of the
fetus.
2. It contains fluid that protects the embryo from harm.
3. It removes waste products that are produced in the cells of the
fetus.
4. It synthesizes food for the embryo.
___ 17. A certain bacterial colony originated from the division
of a single bacterial cell. Each cell in this colony will most
likely
1. express adaptations unlike those of the other cells
2. replicate different numbers of genes
3. have a resistance to different antibiotics
4. synthesize the same proteins and enzymes
___ 18. The human brain, kidney, and liver all develop from the
same zygote. This fact indicates that cells formed by divisions
of the zygote are able to
1. differentiate
2. mutate
3. undergo cloning
4. be fertilized
___ 19. Hormones produced by the testes control the expression
of traits for
1. hair color and eye color
2. beard development and number of fingers
3. hair color and voice quality
4. voice quality and beard development
Use the diagrams and choices, to answer questions 20 – 22,
which represent organs of two individuals. Select the sentence
from the list below that best applies to the phrase.
1. The phrase is correct for both Individual A and Individual B.
2. The phrase is not correct for both individuals.
3. The phrase is correct for Individual A, only.
4. The phrase is correct for Individual B, only.
___ 20. Contains organs that produce gametes
___ 21. Contains organs involved in internal fertilization
___ 22. Contains a structure in which a zygote divides by
mitosis
___ 23. Which statement best explains the significance of
meiosis in the process of evolution within a species?
1. The gametes produced by meiosis ensure the continuation of
any particular species by asexual reproduction.
2. Equal numbers of eggs and sperm are produced by meiosis.
3. Meiosis produces eggs and sperm that are alike.
4. Meiosis provides for variation in the gametes produced by an
organism.
___ 24. The sequence of diagrams (see image) represents some
events in a reproductive process.
To regulate similar events in human reproduction, what
adaptations are required?
1. the presence of genes and chemicals in each cell in stages 1 to
7
2. an increase in the number of genes in each cell in stages 3 to
5
3. the removal of all enzymes from the cells in stage 7
4. the elimination of mutations from cells after stage 5
___ 25. Heavy cigarette smoking and the use of alcohol
throughout pregnancy usually increase the likelihood of
1. the birth of twins
2. the birth of a male baby
3. a baby being born with a viral infection
4. a baby being born with medical problems
___ 26. Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in
a body cell of a parent, how many chromosomes would
normally be contained in a gamete?
1. the same number
2. twice as many
3. one-fourth as many
4. half as many
___ 27. How does the type of reproduction shown in method A
in the accompanying diagram differ from the type of
reproduction shown in method B?
1. Method A illustrates sexual reproduction, and method B
illustrates asexual reproduction.
2. Offspring produced by method B will be genetically alike, but
offspring produced by method A will be genetically different.
3. The two cells shown in the last step of method A are
genetically alike, but the two cells shown in the last step of
method B are genetically different.
4. Offspring produced by method A will be genetically like the
parent, but offspring produced by method B will be genetically
different from the parents.
___ 28. The diagram below can be used to illustrate a process
directly involved in
Use the diagram and your knowledge of biology to answer
questions 30 and 31.
___ 30. Which structure produces a hormone that is responsible
for such characteristics as body hair, muscle development, and a
deep voice?
___ 31. What would most likely happen if structure C was
blocked at the X?
1. Sperm production would increase.
2. Sperm could not be transported to the outside of the body.
3. Urine could not be discharged from the urinary bladder.
4. Sex hormones would no longer be produced.
___ 32. Which sequence represents the correct order of events in
the development of sexually reproducing animals?
1. fertilization --> cleavage --> differentiation --> growth
2. cleavage --> fertilization --> growth --> differentiation
3. growth --> cleavage --> fertilization --> differentiation
4. fertilization --> differentiation --> cleavage --> growth
___ 33. If stages 1 through 4 represent developmental stages of
a human, where in the human female would these stages
normally occur?
1. tissue repair
3. recombination
2. meiosis
4. sexual reproduction
___ 29. Which techniques are sometimes used to help a woman
who has blocked fallopian tubes have a child?
1. inbreeding and natural selection
2. in vitro fertilization and implantation
3. hybridization and vegetative propagation
4. synapsis and artificial selection
1. ovary
3. oviduct
2. vagina
4. uterus
Base your answer to questions 34 – 37 on the diagram shown of
a developing human fetus and on your knowledge of biology.
___ 41. The graph shows the different concentrations of female
reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle of humans.
Which event normally occurs at A?
1. ovulation
3. differentiation
___ 34. Within which structure does fertilization normally
occur?
___ 35. The embryo is protected from shock by a substance
located at _____.
___ 36. Estrogen stimulates the production of additional blood
vessels in structure ____.
2. embryo implantation
4. follicle formation
___ 42. When asked to relate the terms "sperm," "scrotum,"
"testes," and "zygote," a student wrote the statements below.
(A) They all contain homologous pairs of chromosomes.
(B) The location of the testes within the scrotum aids in the
production of sperm needed for zygote formation.
(C) Mitotic cell division is involved in the formation of the
testes and scrotum, and meiosis is involved in the production of
sperm, which is involved in the formation of a zygote.
(D) Formation of the testes, scrotum, and sperm occurs in
human males; zygote formation occurs in females. Which
statements are correct?
1. A, B, and D, only
2. B, C, and D, only
3. B and D, only
4. A, B, C, and D
___ 43. Which sequence best represents the order of the stages
in the menstrual cycle?
___ 37. Structure 6 represents the
1. membrane that protects the embryo from mechanical shock
2. site of exchange of materials between the mother and the
fetus
3. site where the female gametes undergo meiosis during
maturation
4. structure that stores yolk for the developing fetus
___ 38. During meiotic cell division, the process in which
homologous pairs of chromosomes separate and move apart is
known as
1. internal fertilization
2. regeneration
3. binary fission
4. disjunction
___ 39. In humans, the fertilization of two eggs at the same time
usually results in
1. chromosome abnormalities
2. gene mutations
3. identical twins
4. fraternal twins
___ 40. In order to unite with an egg, a sperm cell must travel
from
1. ovary to oviduct to uterus
2. vagina to uterus to oviduct
3. vagina to umbilical cord to oviduct
4. ovary to urethra to uterus
1. D --> B --> C --> A
2. A --> B --> D --> C
3. C --> A --> B --> D
4. A --> B --> C --> D
___ 44. The scrotum is an important adaptation in human males
because the optimum temperature for sperm development is
1. 10 to 12 degrees below normal body temperature
2. 2 to 4 degrees below normal body temperature
3. 2 to 4 degrees above normal body temperature
4. 10 to 12 degrees above normal body temperature
___ 45. Scientists have been able to produce mutations in plants
by irradiating their seeds with gamma rays. The result of one of
the mutations was a plant that could not produce flowers.
Because of this lack of flowers, the plant would not be able to
1. carry out photosynthesis
2. transport water
3. reproduce sexually
4. grow more than a few inches tall
Base your answer to questions 55 – 57 on the following question
on the diagram, which suggests an event in human reproduction,
and on your knowledge of biology.
___ 46. Which structures control the cyclic nature of
menstruation?
1. oviduct and uterus
2. pituitary and testes
3. ovaries and umbilical cord
4. pituitary and ovaries
___ 47. Which statement best describes internal fertilization?
1. It does not require motile gametes.
2. It helps to make terrestrial life possible.
3. It requires the presence of many eggs.
4. It normally occurs in the male.
___ 48. Which two processes are included in the prenatal
development of a single human embryo?
1. gastrulation and differentiation
2. menopause and cleavage
3. puberty and gastrulation
4. menstruation and fertilization
___ 49. What is a characteristic of the reproduction of most fish
and amphibians?
1. the production of a large number of eggs
2. asexual reproduction
3. the development of a placenta
4. internal fertilization
___ 50. The female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone are
produced in the
1. uterus
2. umbilical cord
3. ovaries
4. pituitary gland
___ 51. Which statement best describes chromosomes that
contain genes for the same characteristics?
1. They are present in a normal gamete.
2. They are homologous.
3. They occur in the same monoploid cell.
4. They are linked.
___ 52. Which hormone stimulates and controls the
development of secondary sex characteristics in human males?
1. estrogen
2. progesterone
3. insulin
4. testosterone
___ 53. Which reproductive process is correctly paired with the
structure in which it occurs?
1. meiosis---liver
2. fertilization---gonad
3. gametogenesis---testis
4. pollination---stamen
___ 54. The bacterium Clostridium tetani is found on nearly all
surfaces. A short time after one or two of these bacteria enter a
wound, a large number of them may be found in the wound as a
result of
1. regeneration
2. vegetative propagation
3. asexual reproduction 4. gametogenesis
___ 55. Which statement concerning all of the cells shown in
the diagram is correct?
1. They contain the same amount of cytoplasm.
2. They normally contain the monoploid number of
chromosomes.
3. They were formed by the process of mitosis.
4. They were formed by asexual reproduction.
___ 56. In humans, the process suggested in the diagram usually
occurs in the
1. follicle
2. uterus
3. vagina
4. oviduct
___ 57. In humans, which process would normally not occur
within the first two months after the completion of the process
suggested in the diagram?
1. mitosis
2. implantation
3. menstruation
4. differentiation
___ 58. In which organ are female primary sex cells produced?
1. ovary
2. urethra
3. testis
4. placenta
___ 59. Which diagram represents the type of asexual
reproduction known as regeneration?
___ 60. Which statement most accurately compares mitotic cell
division in plant and animal cells?
1. It is exactly the same in plant and animal cells.
2. The walls of plant cells pinch in, but the membranes of
animal cells do not.
3. Most plant cells use centrioles, but most animal cells do not.
4. In both plants and animals, the daughter cells are genetically
identical to the original cell.
___ 61. The members of a certain species of grass in a lawn are
genetically identical. The best explanation for this observation is
that the species most probably reproduces
1. by an asexual method
2. after pollination by the wind
3. after pollination by a particular species of bee
4. by identical sperm fertilizing the eggs
___ 62. Each root cell of a giant redwood tree contains 22
chromosomes. Two new cells that each contain 11 pairs of
chromosomes are produced when one of these cells undergoes
cell division involving the process of
1. oogenesis
2. meiosis
3. mitosis
4. synapsis
___ 63. Which statement best describes the division of the
cytoplasm and the nucleus in budding?
1. Both the cytoplasm and the nucleus divide equally.
2. The cytoplasm divides unequally, but the nucleus divides
equally.
3. The cytoplasm divides equally, but the nucleus divides
unequally.
4. Both the cytoplasm and the nucleus divide unequally.
___ 64. The uncontrolled division of certain body cells, which
then invade the surrounding tissues and interfere with the
normal functioning of the body, is known as
1. cancer
2. regeneration
3. cleavage
4. oogenesis
___ 65. A McIntosh apple tree branch was grafted to an Ida Red
apple tree. The fruit produced by the newly grafted piece will be
1. McIntosh apples, only
2. Ida Red apples, only
3. 50% McIntosh apples and 50% Ida Red apples
4. apples that are a blend of McIntosh and Ida Red apples