FASHION INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INTERVIEW: Elaine Stone, Professor Emeritus INTERVIEWED BY: Benjamin Weaver August 22, 2006 BW: This is Ben Weaver. I am here interviewing Professor Elaine Stone, professor emeritus of fashion merchandising management at FIT. Today’s date is August 22, 2006. Professor Stone, could you please tell us how and when you first became associated with FIT and how long you’ve been associated with it? ES: My original association started while I was still in the industry. I was the merchandise manager at Macy’s and a vice president for stores. We always fought very hard at the Christmas break to get students from FIT to come in and put in their six week internship with us. So I guess that was my first connection with FIT. I was always very impressed with them, and over the years friends of mine who taught here would invite me in to lecture. You know, as a guest lecturer. BW: Sure. ES: I loved them, I loved the students. The students here are just really something very, very special. When I retired from the industry I went back and got my masters in education because I decided I wanted to teach, and I wanted to teach at FIT. I was very, very lucky. I started teaching one course in the summer of ’75 and they voted me in full-time in the fall of ’77. So I was very lucky. I’ve been here ever since. BW: Not always in the same department? ES: Yes, always in that department; it used to be called Fashion Buying and Merchandising. Over the years I have served as the coordinator and then director of something that started as the small business center. I started it, and it came to be called The Enterprise Center. I had done a study for Marvin Feldman, the president of FIT at that time, who was a wonderful guy. You could go in and just chat with him about your ideas. He agreed that many, many of our students had to go into business for themselves, particularly being design students. They had no idea of what business was all about so we started a small group of courses on how to start a business. It just grew and grew and grew. Today, The Enterprise Center is a real moneymaking part of the continuing ed. and professional studies program. Besides doing it for our own students where it’s for credit, we have many, many programs for industry people, mostly funded from Workforce Development. We get money from SUNY, from the state, from the federal government. And then, for a short while, I acted as an acting dean for continuing ed. and professional studies. So I’ve been a faculty member, a director, and an acting dean but my favorite job has been being a teacher. It’s just wonderful. So there it is! For the last 30 years, I’m here. It’s my home and then when I retired they were gracious enough to appoint me a professor emeritus. Of course, nobody knows what that means! But, that’s okay; we do. BW: We do. Congratulations for that. ES: Thank you, I’m very proud of it. BW: You’ve mentioned President Feldman. Were there any other colleagues or contemporaries with whom you worked that you recall? ES: Oh, yes! Oh, yes! There were some very outstanding people here. One among many, many others was a gal by the name of Jeanette Jarneau. Jeanette Jarneau started in the fashion buying and merchandising department. She was a merchandise manager at Abraham and Strauss at the time, and became involved with people here. Originally the courses were kind of brief and had to do with design and production mostly. She said, “No, let’s make it broader for our students and teach them retailing and merchandising.” So she started that. She’s a real character, and I think she brought a lot of attention to the “F and M” department but she never really wanted to run it. She hired a young man by the name of Newton Godnick who became the chairperson of that department for as many years as he was here - 30 years – he also came out of the industry. In fact, he and I were buyers together at Macy’s - we knew one another; then I ended up working for him. He just had such a way with people, both students and industry people, which I think is the great strength here. First of all, if you look back at why FIT even came into being, it was the industry itself who said, “We need a place to teach young people our business.” At most schools, that’s not their basic reason for going in. It's for education, yes, but this is such a specific education that I don’t really think there are too many other schools like this anywhere. There are some overseas which we helped start. We helped start schools in Israel, in Italy, in India, in Korea that are based on the theory that FIT has about educating people for the fashion business. By the way, Marvin was very good that way. He never minded giving our course calendars and the way we teach to anybody who came. I remember being upset about it. Here Marvin was giving away our… He said, “No, no, no. They’ll do it their way but we should help them because the more people who are schooled in this, the bigger the industry is going to grow.” He was always very inclusive and a wonderful man. That was the feeling we all got. The other thing that I think made FIT faculty different, was that in order to be hired here in whatever, whether it was the design department, the advertising department, the merchandising department, the technical department, you had to have worked in that part of the industry for a minimum of five to 10 years at an executive level. So basically, it was not faculty teaching from a textbook that somebody else wrote. It was faculty teaching from their everyday experience and living it. I think the other thing that made us very special is we had this constant contact with the industry that we serve. We were calling them and they were calling us; they came in to be guest speakers. They still do, but we started that back then. I think that is really what makes us unique. Am I boasting too much? BW: No, no! Absolutely not! You mentioned a lot of the administration, as well as President Feldman. Did you get to know many other faculty members and staff members? ES: The nice thing about it was everybody knew everybody. You knew everybody, certainly in your own division which would be business and technology, but Marvin, again, was a great believer in “We’re a family. We're a school, but we're a family - whether we're we’re staff or faculty or administrators. We are a family.” I think that was wonderful. I don’t really think it exists today because we’ve gotten a little more sophisticated about being a family. The other thing that I think made us what we are today is that almost every administrator (after the initial ones we hired) were faculty members who became administrators. Again, that was very much like the industry we came out of. First you were an assistant buyer. Then you were an associate Page 2 of 12 buyer. Then you became a buyer. Then you became a merchandiser. We kind of did that here as we learned and got more information about how to do things. And then many of us went back and took courses in academe. But it was wonderful to have your administrators, your deans particularly, be ex-faculty. I think those were really the heydays; everybody working together and understanding where we were going and what we wanted to accomplish and working together to do it. Today we have school administrators that have never been faculty members. The other thing was that meeting-wise; we had meetings in halls. Marvin would see us in the lunchroom and he’d say, “C’mon. Let’s get together and discuss what we’re doing.” As you grow a little more sophisticated, that disappears, but it was very important back then. We had people like Jack Riddenberg who was a faculty member in F and M. He was an outstanding dean for the business and technology area. Under his time we brought in menswear. We never had a department in menswear before, but he knew that the industry needed that, so he brought that in. He brought in direct marketing. I can make a call today to almost anybody, and they will pick up the phone and at least answer a question or send things that I need for a classroom. Again, that contact, that access, is one of the important things that have kept us on the cutting edge of what’s going on. BW: Sure, absolutely. ES: That was also true in art and design. We had a faculty member in the fashion design department. Her name was Hilde Jaffe; she was the dean of art and design. Having been a faculty member and knowing some of the problems of the faculty, she made a wonderful dean. In fact, Hilde was the one who started a program called Saturday Live. Now that means that you come to school on Saturday and it’s live. It was the beginning of “Saturday Night Live,” on TV that gave her the idea. It involves high school kids interested in fashion. We still have it today and it’s grown into thousands. If you come in here in the summertime, you’ll see all these kids kind of roaming around like little bees. It’s wonderful because they get an idea of what we do here and whether it’s really what they want to do. You know a lot of kids think, “Oh, I want to go to FIT ‘cause I love fashion.” OK, that’s good, but let’s get into it a little more seriously so on and so forth. Very creative things happened in those days. I guess that’s true when you’re kind of young and starting and growing. I guess that’s how large corporations do it also. Almost all the chair people, of course, were faculty members. The deans had been faculty members. It made us all so close that there were no kind of boundaries - you know, “He’s the boss” kind of thing. No, we all worked together. I think that had a great deal to do with our success. The other thing about our success was, again, even our early trustees ware all people from the industry. Top owners of top corporations in the fashion industry who were very, very… Did I mention Shirley Goodman? Throughout all of this, all the presidents including Marvin, Shirley was right there. Shirley was the one who started the educational foundation. Again, I can’t emphasize enough this contact and feeling of the school and the industry we serve. It’s just like a brother and sister who like one another. BW: Were you ever aware of any town-gown problems or problems with the relationship between the school and sponsor, the City of New York Board of Education? ES: I’m sure there must have been, but at the faculty level I never really felt that. Page 3 of 12 BW: You were removed from it? ES: Pretty much. I wasn’t here when things were so bad that people believed we weren’t going to make it. This is a story. I presume it’s true; I’m not sure. There was a time when the treasurer went to Marvin and said, “We’re not going to be able to make the payroll tomorrow.” We didn’t have the money in the bank. Marvin made a call to Albany. I don’t know who he called or what the story is, but we got money in the bank and they met the payroll. I think in those days Marvin, particularly, had a very close affinity with people in Albany who really understood how important the Fashion Institute of Technology was to the city and the state. I presume we’ve not been like that since then. Yes, every once in a while I heard that they were hassling us about something or other. I think by and large, whoever was running the school took care of it. Do you get affected by it, up at SUNY? BW: With the state funding, you mean? ES: Yes. BW: Oh, sure. All SUNY schools are affected by Albany’s decisions and the University at Albany is no different. ES: The only way I guess we might be affected, we do feel that sometimes we need more faculty and we can’t hire them because there’s just not enough funding for it and so on. I know they had some trouble with Mayor Giuliani; he cut back all of the schools. BW: Right, because with the state universities, the university centers and the four year schools, they’re sponsored completely by the state whereas the two-year schools and the community colleges are sponsored by the state and the sponsor – cities, school boards, counties or groups of counties. ES: Yes, and by the income of the people paying. BW: Right, the student’s tuition. In regard to the city Board of Education and their sponsorship, were there any problems with that that you are aware of, or was it pretty much the same as the state funding? ES: I would say, again, and I don’t know…we do very well in a Democratic period. We didn’t do quite so well under Mayor Giuliani. I would think that might have been party politics. BW: So it changes with politics? ES: Yes. BW: Interesting. OK, thank you. Do you recall when collective bargaining came to campus? ES: I would check with the union on that to make absolutely sure because I wasn’t here. There couldn’t be a union before the Taylor Law. According to them, and I wrote it down here Page 4 of 12 somewhere, their first collective bargaining was in 1967; that’s when they got their first contract. I believe they said the Taylor Law was probably passed in 1966, which even allowed them to get into this. I wasn’t here when it happened. I don’t really know why they wanted a union although I think everybody was becoming unionized. We come from an industry that is highly unionized. I don’t think it was because they were that unhappy with administration; it’s just like it was THE thing to do. Other teachers were doing it. It was being done all over. We’ve always had a very strong union here but not on a very mean, nasty, "I-don’t-talk-to you, you-don’t-talkto-me." No, no it’s always been rather nicely done. As a faculty member I certainly have to thank both the union and administration because I believe we do as well financially as the teachers from Harvard. BW: Thank you. Do you recall how the college worked to develop the physical campus and all the buildings and the closing of 27th street? Do you recall when that all happened and how? ES: Again you have to remember there was a time when Marvin could literally pick up a telephone and talk to a politician and it happened the next day. I do remember though when FIT was just being built, I had nothing to do with the place then. I was still in the industry. I was over at Macy’s. I remember sometimes walking past the place and there were huge signs. The neighborhood was horrified, wanted no part of FIT. I guess they threw down some homes that were here or whatever. We were not, from what I could make out as an outsider, really welcome in this area. But, as usually happens, they kind of got used to us. You do know we started on one floor in the high school? The first building put up on this campus is what we call C building, which is the middle building. The group marched over from the high school and went into C building. It was when I was still making guest appearances here that they began building the other buildings. I think primarily Shirley Goodman had a great deal to do with that. I believe she got the funding through the educational foundation. You understand what that is? BW: Yes. ES: OK. That’s when we did buildings A, B, C, D and E. After these - there was no private money - although one building was named for someone. It was named for David Dubinsky, and it’s still called the David Dubinsky Student Center. He, at the time, was the president of the ILGWU, which is the huge International Ladies Garment Workers' Union. They felt that they would honor him, and I think they probably gave us some money, but basically the money for buildings came from the city and state, and there may have been some federal funds. The dorms, on the other hand, did get some private money. That’s why they’re named after people and so on and so forth. That was another thing we didn’t do a lot of and I didn’t realize that until we began to have to do it. Marvin’s theory was that we were a public school, therefore we lived on public funds or grants from public organizations and there never really was a great push to get outside money. That, of course, has changed…Greatly! BW: I’m sure! ES: Now every thing’s named. We did have, and I will again say this for the faculty, the faculty really were the first people to start giving scholarship money in their names or if somebody died and they’d get it. Really, the faculty first started establishing gifts before FIT started getting big Page 5 of 12 money. In fact, I have one that I did in my mother’s name when she died, and I just gave another one. If you look at most of our scholarships at least half of them are faculty-funded which I think is nice. BW: Absolutely. ES: The faculty has a great love for this place. You love it. Either you love it at the beginning or you get out! If you stay, you just love it. BW: Yes, I can see why everybody does. You had mentioned the education foundation. Is that the same thing as the college foundation? ES: Today? BW: Yes. ES: Well no it’s still the education foundation. The big difference from what I could see is that the educational foundation was a separate entity. I think the paperwork is here somewhere on how the funding came from the educational foundation to the Fashion Institute of Technology. Shirley Goodman was the executive director for the educational foundation, which was totally separate from the Board of Trustees. In other words, Marvin was president and ran the school, and Shirley was executive director of the education foundation. I know Marvin over the years tried to merge them, but she fought him and it never worked. However, today it’s working; our president is also the president of the education foundation. I don’t know quite what happened there. BW: What do you think were some of the most interesting or exciting times at FIT while you were affiliated with the school? ES: Well, as I say, I guess the middle‘70’s to the late ‘80’s were very exciting for the school. Here are the reasons why: We were still growing. We were still expanding. We, as a group, had this feeling that administration supported any idea we had. Not that they always sanctioned it, but they would listen to it. Everybody was always saying, “OK, what else can we do? How can we make ourselves better? How can we put in more types of courses that will enlarge our school?” The other thing is we became very international. Very, very international. There again is a name of a wonderful faculty member, Arthur Price, who unfortunately just passed away a few months ago. He was the one. I remember he got a call from Taiwan. A Taiwanese student called that had been a student of his. The student went back and worked in the government or something of Taiwan, and said that that they were already in the industry but they needed some education on how to do better at it. The student had the government of Taiwan talk to Arthur Price. They formed a group of people to go to Taiwan to help them learn about fashion education. I remember I was fortunate enough to be on that first team. There was Arthur Price who was a textile expert. There was Hilde Jaffe who was a design expert. There was Morty Silverstein who was a production man. I was the merchant. Shirley went with us because we were dealing with the government of Taiwan and she was the head of the educational foundation. Anyway, that was our first real foreign trip and, because we did so well, we traveled primarily all Page 6 of 12 over the world. We went to Japan many times. We went to Korea. We went to India. We went to Egypt. We went to Israel. In many instances, the trip was sponsored by the foreign government. When we spent all the time in India it was the Indian government that was paying for us. There’s now a school called NIFT, the National Institute for Fashion Technology, in India. So the school became very, very international and we got many more international students, which I think is a plus for American students. We’re a global world and they’re going to have to meet them wherever they work. Arthur and I took a trip to Colombia. The government sent us there because they were sending a lot of dope into America. The government figured out that if we could get those women more interested in making clothes and knitting, they would not go into the poppy fields. I was saying to Arthur, “What?” He said, “Let’s go.” We went to Cochabomba. That trip was arranged through the Catholic Church; we worked with these women. They were very interested, but when the poppy fields had to be cut or whatever, they went left. I have to tell this story. Arthur and I were in a jeep and we were traveling into a place, a church, where they had a large group of women that we were going to train. We were stopped by a bunch of army men with machine guns pointing at us. I said, “Here I am. I’m going to get killed by a bunch of Colombian drug dealers.” No, they were American. That was when Reagan sent them in to burn the poppy fields. So I’ve had a lot of exciting things happen to me here at FIT! I can remember saying to Arthur, “Let’s get out of here. We’re going to be killed by our own people!” But, I think we have a wonderful reputation. Georgianna Appignani is now in charge of our schooling of foreign students. We kind of stopped sending personnel overseas as a school. I guess we’re not getting funded as much. I think the government finally realized we were training our competition. But it was wonderful. It was wonderful for the students. It was wonderful for the faculty. It was good for everybody. I tell you, it’s a great place to work! BW: Thank you. What do you think the impact of FIT has had on the community? By community I mean New York City and New York State and the fashion industry? ES: New York City. I think we've had a big impact on New York City. We, in a way, have become a tourist attraction. We have a very heavy tourist draw in our museum, which is outstanding. BW: I’m going to check on that before I leave. ES: Yes, are you going to go in? BW: Yes. Absolutely. ES: Is somebody going to take you so you can see everything and not just wander in like a tourist? BW: I’ll probably wander in like a tourist. ES: It’s exciting. But what you won’t see are the floors upstairs where our students learn. Where they will take an original Chanel that has been donated, and show the students exactly Page 7 of 12 how one was done in 1940, how one was done in 1960, and how we do it now. It’s incredible the kinds of things we have in our museum that are very nice to show people but originally used to help educate our students about what the business is that they’re going into. The other thing is that we have an impact on the Small Business Administration in the city. We train people to have jobs here in New York City, and we also assist in helping people trying to start small businesses, which in most cases have been minorities. Of course, that’s very important to the city. They look at it that way. We used to have the Coty Awards here at FIT. Of course the Coty Awards don’t exist any more but when they did, they were held here at FIT, which was very, very important. When they first, I guess this goes back to the ‘80’s, the early ‘80’s, wanted to make New York the fashion capital of the world - it wasn’t always the fashion capital of the world; that whole thing started at FIT, and most of those meetings were held here at FIT. Shirley Goodman was a big part of making New York the fashion capital of the world. I think FIT has had a major impact on that. There's another way that we’ve had a major impact in a slightly different way - community colleges. We have many adjuncts, from Suffolk, who teach here too. Again, Marvin was very, very supportive of letting them take whole programs from FIT in SUNY. We don’t do it anymore, but I remember I did it when I first came. We ran summer sessions for teachers all over the country who taught fashion. We had them here. We charged them. We made money but also kept them up to date on the techniques of teaching fashion. We took them out into the industry to make sure that they were up to date. The other thing that our faculty has done over the years is we write the textbooks of fashion. There are two fellows who were in our interior design department, Marty Zelnick and his partner, who have written outstanding textbooks in the interior design business. I modestly say I’ve written about six books. One of my books is the best selling book on fashion merchandising. BW: Congratulations! Wow! ES: Thank you, it’s called The Dynamics of Fashion. It’s carried in almost every school that teaches fashion merchandising. I have another book called Fashion Merchandising that’s also printed in Japanese and Chinese. BW: That’s wonderful! ES: Yes, but that’s because the faculty here has always been supported in trying to do as much as we could for the students and the industry. BW: Terrific, thank you. Is there anything that you wish had been achieved at FIT which has not been? ES: I always laugh when I think of that. We are a community college that gives bachelors and masters degrees, OK? Could we get any better than that? BW: I see how you feel. Page 8 of 12 ES: You know, I tell that to some of my friends who are with the University of Iowa and they say, “What?” Yes, I say. We do, we do, we do, we do! I remember going to a meeting when Marvin first wanted to put in the baccalaureates. They had all the schools, you know, NYU and City College and whatever school was around here. They asked them whether they would be okay with us awarding bachelors degrees. He in his inimitable way, Marvin convinced them that we would be no competition to their baccalaureate degrees. We were not giving baccalaureate degrees in science or math or English or psychology. We were giving it in graphic design, fashion design, fashion merchandising; they had never even heard of it. They said, “Fine. Do whatever you want.” Then it got a little sticky when we first did our masters. We really wanted to do an MBA in retailing and fashion merchandising. That we got stopped. All we can give so far is a Master of Professional Studies - MPS. It doesn’t carry quite the same weight as an MBA. But we do have very many masters' graduates. We’re unique. We’re wonderful and we’re unique! Everybody who comes to teach here kind of passes that on to the next group that comes. You know we’ve hired a lot of industry retirees over the last 10-15 years. But the people who come in, come from the industry and love what they’re doing. Now they’re trying to make the young students love what they’re going to do. You know I say to my students, “Look, a lot of you look down your nose at retailing. I couldn’t wait to go to work. For thirty years I used to count the money and yum! I hope that you, too, will get that feeling.” There’s nothing more precious than going to work at something you like. Very few people do it, unfortunately. I think most of our students have that feeling that when they leave FIT. They have such an understanding and love of what they studied and what they’re going to do to make a living. I think that’s a big plus for us. BW: Yes. What, if any, were the most difficult problems you faced while you were associated with the college or that the college faced while you were part of the faculty? ES: Every once in a while Marvin would call us and say, “Look, we’ve got a little problem here. We have to watch it. You have to stop. We have to save a million dollars this year.” OK, fine. We’d do it. All those other kinds of things never ever, I don’t think, were shared with us to hinder or make us worry. I don’t know how to explain it. Yes, we all knew what was going on. Nobody held anything back and yes there were some very tough financial times. The city was having a bad time. There were times where our registration wasn’t as good as we wanted it to be. Somehow or other when you work together you can always handle that kind of thing. I guess we did. I never remember anything we could not handle really. You know, there were some people that I didn’t like, but I had to live with that! BW: What programs or other college services such as student services, or community involvement were going on at FIT while you were here? ES: We always, as I say, had very good outreach. I will say there is a pretty good separation between student affairs and the academic side of the house, so to speak. They’ve been working on that. I don’t want to be negative. We have many clubs. You see we are a commuter school. You have to realize that up until recently, we only had twelve hundred beds and yet we had eleven thousand students. Now with the new dorm I think we have 2500 beds. Again, as commuter students, they don’t have that same campus feeling as a student that lives on campus. Page 9 of 12 BW: I see. ES: For the students who do live on campus though, we have a very nice student affairs department. We have forty different clubs; all kinds of clubs that students can belong to. We have a wonderful internship department; both paid and unpaid so that students can really get a feeling for the industry. Our students work hard. My niece was a student here. She was a dorm student and she was in graphic design. That was her major. She worked. She had no time for student “things.” She was busy working, studying, and doing homework. However, she got a wonderful education and worked for some of the top advertising agencies both here and in Kansas City, and today she has her own business. So our students do well. They don’t always have a great campus memory, but they have a great departmental memory. They remember the department and the teachers. That’s always very close. I went to NYU, which was also an urban campus, but I had more of a feeling of...I didn’t work then. My entire time was at school and there were great social events and dances and things like that. Our kids are much more career oriented. I think that’s our beauty, our uniqueness, our success. Not that we don’t have dizzy people. BW: In your opinion what was it about FIT that attracted the students from some of the other competing institutions like Pratt or RISD? ES: One thing is cost to be a blunt as I can be – certainly for a New York State student. But we have students from all over the country and all over the world because we have our reputation and we work very, very hard to keep it polished. RISD has a fabulous reputation too, but it’s slightly different. If a student is really, really interested in RISD, they would not be interested in us and the other way around. Pratt, maybe the same student, but again, financially, quite a different thing. Meanwhile, we take one out of every ten that say they want to come here. It is the industry itself that tells young people who come to them, “You want to get into this business? Go to FIT.” Do you watch Project Runway? BW: I did last season. ES: A lot of people thought that was just Pratt. Two of the big winners were FIT students in the first year. Are you aware of that? BW: No. That’s one thing I wish that they would announce - what schools the participants go to; make it known. ES: They want you to think it’s just Pratt. Every year one of our students is either one, two, three. BW: That’s terrific. You talked a little bit about the relationship between the school and SUNY Central Administration in Albany. Has the relationship changed over time? Has it always been a constant relationship that was favorable? Was it a good relationship? ES: As a faculty member? Page 10 of 12 BW: Yes, as a faculty member, what’s your opinion? ES: It doesn’t affect us one way or the other, really. As a person who has been at a level where I’m aware of it, I would say at one time we probably listened less to SUNY. I think the current president, because she comes from CUNY, is much closer to SUNY than the presidents before her like Hershfeld or certainly Marvin. Marvin kind of ran his own show, but it was a successful show and why interfere with success? I’m sure every once and a while SUNY said, “Oh God, FIT…” But then again what are we? Artistic! BW: And what was it that attracted you to FIT? ES: Well, as I said, I knew the FIT students as an executive in the industry, and out of all of the different colleges that we used to get kids from, I was most impressed by these young hardworking mostly middle- and lower-class students. The daughters of store presidents and companies were going other places. I was just very impressed by how they performed on the job in the six weeks we had them. When I began guest lecturing for some of my friends who were adjuncts here, I was doubly impressed. I remember we were teaching in Quonset huts when they were building. You couldn’t do it at that building, but we were growing. So they had a whole bunch of Quonset huts and they were okay. They were air conditioned, they were quite fine. When I did decide where I wanted to teach I called FIT and got called by Newton Godnick, the chair of the F and M department, and I said, “I just finished my masters and collected my sheepskin.” He said, “Fine. Can you take a course this summer?” It was the summer of ’75. I’ll never forget it. I said, “Yes.” And that’s how I started. I taught a course in fashion merchandising that summer, and through 1976 I was an adjunct. I taught a course during the day or something, and then as I say, I’ll never forget, I was doing some consulting for a chain of stores and Newt said, “You know, we have an opening for a full-time faculty member and we have meetings." I said, “Well, I can make two of the three meetings, but that last meeting, I’m on the road and I get paid a lot of money to do that, so I can't come to it." So he said, "All right, come to the first one." Anyway, I did, and P.S. they hired me. Probably because I wasn’t there! It was wonderful; I loved it. I've loved it ever since. After 1977, I’ve been here every day and love it, just love it. BW: That’s good to hear. That’s the last of my questions. Are there any other things you’d like to add, any comments you’d like to make? ES: Yes. Have you just been doing us or have you been doing other community colleges? BW: All 30 community colleges. ES: You’ve done all 30? BW: This is the last one that we’ve done. ES: In your mind, how are we different? Page 11 of 12 BW: In my mind? Well, in my mind the community that you serve is different because it’s not a geographic community. It’s not that you’re serving just Manhattan or New York City. You’re serving the industry. Whereas the other community colleges serve their geographic community and train people for whatever they want to go into, although many have students who come from a distance, and about half now have housing for students. ES: Our big push college-wise is global now. We train people now to look globally at every part of our business. Is that being done at other schools? BW: You mean train people to look globally or attract people from other countries? ES: To look globally. As Americans, are they being trained to work in global marketplaces? BW: I would assume so, but I didn’t get the sense that it is as strong as it is here. ES: We really firmly believe in that. BW: Yes. I didn’t get a sense that that is something they believe as strongly in as you do here. ES: You know we have new majors. We have the international trade major, which takes students all over the world. We have this new graduate degree called global fashion management which is a master's degree. We work with a school in Paris and one in Hong Kong because our industry has moved globally. The other thing that we have done is to put more emphasis on foreign languages. You can’t just speak New Yorkese anymore. You really have to have at least one foreign language. I wonder if the rest of the colleges were also realizing that, as flighty and artistic as they think we are, we are looking at the world that is approaching and the one our students will have to function in. BW: Say, in far upstate New York where they’re training people to work at the local industry, they might not need as much of a global focus as the fashion industry where you have all these other schools that are popping up across the country like you said, or across the world. ES: Well, as I say here, our students are people who really love the place. I think you’d have a problem finding somebody who would speak against it. Maybe against a boss, but for what we stand for, and our students, and what we think we bring to the industry, I think everybody is pretty proud and happy. BW: It seems to be the case from what I can tell even just walking around the campus. Thank you so much for taking the time, I really appreciate it. ES: My pleasure. Page 12 of 12