Chapter 5 Test Review
Integumentary System
1.
Label the following diagram.
2.
Describe the 5 major functions of the skin. Pg 122
Name: ____________________________
Date: _________________Hour:______
Protection
Temperature maintenance
Synthesis and storage of nutrients
Sensory reception
Excretion and secretion
3.
Sebaceous glands are what type of gland (merocrine, apocrine, or holocrine)? Describe the secretion from this gland.
Holocrine- The entire cell
4.
What is sebum?
Lubricates the hair and skin and inhibits the growth of bacteria
5.
What is the purpose of sweat glands?
Sweat glands help regulate temperature, protect skin from harmful chemicals, secrete useful substances such and milk, or
scents to communicate with the opposite sex.
6.
What are the two types of sweat glands, where is each type found in the body?
Eccrine-palms, soles, forehead, back-most abundant found most places
Apocrine-groin, armpits, nipples
7.
Describe the secretion from each type of sweat gland.
Eccrine- mercorine
Aprocrine- merocrine
8.
The epidermis is avascular, so how do the cells of the epidermis receive nutrition?
Dermal blood vessels
9.
What are finger nails made of?
Dead keratinized cells
10. What nutrient is produced in the skin? What is its function in the body?
When exposed to the UV radiation the epidermal cells convert a cholesterol related steroid to Vitamin D 3. This vitamin is then
changed in the liver to a hormone called calcitriol which is necessary for absorbing calcium and phosphorus in the small
intestine…and strengthen the skeletal bone system.
11. Describe each layer of the epidermis in the following table, include the following information:
a. Shape of the cells
b. Any special cells that may be present in the layer
Stratum corneum-squamous, dead keratinized cells
Straum lucidum-squamous, keratinized cells, layer is clear, only found in thick skin
Stratum granulosum- becoming squamous shaped, filling with keratin
Stratum spinosum- polyhedral shaped, daughter cells
Stratum basale-cuboidal/columnar, melanocytes present, mitosis is active
12. Describe how a cell changes as it moves from the bottom layer of the epidermis to the top layer.
13. Where are melanocytes found? What is their function?
Stratum basale layer-deepest epidermal layer. To produce melanin, pigment in the skin.
14. Describe the 3 types of skin cancer.
Squamous cell carcinomaBasale cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma-
15. What is a first degree burn? What layers of the skin does it affect?
Superficial burn-only disrupts the epidermis, causes swelling, redness and pain
16. What is a second degree burn? What layers of the skin does it affect?
Partial thickness burn-disrupts epidermis and portions of the dermis, can form blisters, swelling and pain
17. What is a third degree burn? What layers of the skin does it affect?
Full thickness burn-disrupts all skin layer and hypodermis, usually not painful because nerves have been damaged, charred
leathery appearance
18. List three effects of aging on skin.
Higher infection rate
Sensitive to the sun
Hair thins & changes colors
Sagging and wrinkling
Muscles and bones weaken
Dry and scaly skin
19. Describe what hair is, how hair develops, where it is found and what its function is.
Hair contains a hair follicle deep in the dermis where cell layers found in the epidermis are constantly dividing in a region
called the hair matrix. Daughter cells are pushed towards the surface and eventually exit the skin to be called the hair shaft.
Hair to the visible eye is dead keratinized cells. Hair is found almost everywhere in the body except palms and soles and
some regions of the reproductive organs. Function is to maintain temperature and protect.
20. What steps are involved in repairing damaged skin?
See page 132