KEY - Chapter 22 – Fungi – notes/study guide
Review from Ch. 19 Kingdom Fungi
multicellular except for unicellular yeast
cell walls of chitin (found also in exoskeleton of arthropods)
composed of long slender strands of cells that share cytoplasm called hyphae (form “body” of fungus)
reproduce asexually and sexually, means of reproduction is how fungi are classified
remember myco = fungi; mycete also = fungi
heterotrophs –secrete digestive enzymes on a substrate and absorb the nutrients; many are saprophytes (live on dead or
decaying organisms) or parasites (live on living organisms)
no chlorophyll (not green)
Complete the chart below using p. 421
Phylum
Zygomycetes
Kinds of Fungi
Reproductive Characteristics
Zygosporangia produce spores
Basidiomycetes
Basidia produce spores
Examples & Diagrams
Common bread mold
Mushrooms, puffballs, rusts,
smuts
Ascomycetes
Asci produce spores; the entire Morels, truffles, yeasts, cup
structure is called the ascocarp fungi
Answer the following questions using chapter 22, beginning with p. 482.
1. Fungi are heterotrophic. Evidence of this involves what fungi do NOT have as well as what
processes are evident in their metabolism. What do fungi NOT have? Chloroplasts with
chlorophyll
2. Describe the body of a fungus and the relationship between hyphae and mycelium. P. 483 The
body of a fungus is called the mycelium. It is composed of microscopic filaments called
hyphae. The mycelium is usually not visible (it is imbedded in the food source)
3. What polysaccharide found elsewhere only in the arthropods is also found in the cell walls of
fungi? _chitin_ How is this different from plant cell walls? Plants have cellulose
4. Fungi can be _saprophytes (decomposers), living on dead and decaying organisms, or they can be
parasites, living on or in another organism, possibly causing disease.
5. Fungi can cause disease and destroy food. What can fungi do that is valuable?
Fungi are used in baking, brewing, winemaking, cheese making, and in the production of
antibiotics.
6. What are spores? _haploid reproductive structures that are very hardy (resistant) under a
variety of conditions_ What natural resource do fungi depend on to spread their spores? _wind p.
484
7.
How do yeast reproduce (p. 487)? budding Is this asexual or sexual? asexual
Fungal Partnerships
What is a symbiotic relationship? Close, longterm relationship between 2 organisms with varying
degrees of harm/benefit
What is mutualism? A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit
Briefly explain two examples of mutualism involving fungi.
1. a lichen is an association between a fungi and an algae; the fungus obtains sugar from the
algae, the algae is provided shelter and protection by the fungi
2. mycorrhizae are an association between fungi and plant roots; the fungi helps the plant
absorb more water and nutrients than it would be able to without the fungus, and the plant
provides sugar for the fungus