MR. SURRETTE VAN NUYS HIGH SCHOOL CHAPTER 3: ELEMENTS AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE ATOMS AND ELEMENTS WORKSHEET SOLUTIONS 1. This scientist discovered the electron. 1A. JJ Thomson 2. This scientist proposed the plum pudding model. 2A. JJ Thomson 3. This scientist disproved the plum pudding model. 3A. Ernest Rutherford 4. This scientist discovered the nucleus. 4A. Ernest Rutherford 5. This scientist coined the term “atom.” 5A. Democritus 6. This scientist first organized the periodic table. 6A. Mendeleev 7. Most of the atom’s mass and all of its __________ charge are contained in the __________. 7A. positive nucleus 8. The atom’s nucleus contains __________ and __________. 8A. protons neutrons 9. An atom with 16 protons, 17 neutrons and 18 electrons has a mass of __________ and a charge of __________ and belongs to the element __________. 9A. 33 amu - 2 sulfur 10. Classify each of the following as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid: 10a. Cl A. non metal 10b. K A. metal 10c. Si A. metalloid 10d. N A. nonmetal 1|Page CHEMISTRY MR. SURRETTE VAN NUYS HIGH SCHOOL 11. Determine the group or family for each of the following. 11a. F 11b. Ca A. halogen A. alkaline earth metals 11c. Li A. alkali metals 11d. N A. nonmetals 12. A positive ion is called a(n) __________ , while a negative ion is called a(n) __________. A. cation anion 13. An iron isotope has 29 neutrons. 13a. What is the atomic symbol for iron? A. Fe 13b. What is the Z value? A. 26 13c. What is the A value? A. (1) A = Z + N (2) A = 26 + 29 (3) A = 55 14. Ni-62 has how many protons and how many neutrons? A. 28 protons 34 neutrons 15. Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes: Ga-69 and Ga-71. Ga-71 is 6.11% abundant. The atomic mass of gallium is 69.72 amu. 15a. Calculate the natural abundance of Ga-69. A. (1) Total mass of gallium must equal 100%. (2) 100 – 6.11 = 93.89 (3) Natural abundance for Ga-69 is 93.89% 15b. Out of 10,000 gallium atoms, how many would be Ga-69 and Ga-71? A. 611 Ga-71 and 9389 Ga-69 16. Which of the following elements is diatomic? (a) C (b) He (c) Au (d) H 2|Page CHEMISTRY MR. SURRETTE VAN NUYS HIGH SCHOOL CHAPTER 3: ELEMENTS AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE NUCLEUS WORKSHEET SOLUTIONS 1. A radioactive material initially has an activity of 1200 counts/sec. If six hours later it has an activity of 300 counts/sec, what is its half life? 1A. (1) 1200 600 300 (2) 2 half-lives have gone by, since each arrow represents one half-life. (3) Let x = one half-life. (4) Since the total time is 6 hours: 2x = 6 hours (5) x = 3 hours 2. 88Ra-226 decays to 86Rn-222 by emitting what type of particle: (A) beta (B) proton (C) gamma (D) positron (E) alpha 2A. A= number of nucleons Z = number of protons (1) Parent particle: A = 226 (2) Daughter particle: A = 222 (3) A = 4 Z = 2 (4) alpha particle Z = 88 Z = 86 3. How does the daughter nucleus differ from the parent in the beta emission process: (A) atomic mass increases by one (B) atomic number increases by two (C) atomic number increases by one (D) atomic mass decreases by two (E) atomic charge increases by two 4. What energy results when one hydrogen atom and one neutron are combined to form a deuterium atom? (hydrogen 1.007825 u, neutron 1.009665 u, deuterium 2.014100 u) 4A. Let mB = “mass before reaction” Let mA = “mass after reaction” (1) mB = 1 H + 1 n (2) mB = 1.007825 u + 1.009665 u (3) mB = 2.01749 u (4) mA = 2H (5) mA = 2.014100 u (6) m = mB - mA 3|Page CHEMISTRY MR. SURRETTE VAN NUYS HIGH SCHOOL 4A. continued… (7) m = 2.01749 u – 2.014100 u (8) m = 0.00339 u (9) E = mc2 (10) E = (m)c2 (11) E = (0.00339 u)(931.5 MeV / 1u) (12) E = 3.16 MeV 5. If there are 6 neutrons in C-12, how many neutrons are in C-14? 5A. (1) A1 = Z + N1 (2) Z = A1 – N1 (3) Z = 12 – 6 (4) Z = 6 (number of protons in C) (5) A2 = Z + N2 (6) N2 = A2 – Z (7) N2 = 14 – 6 (8) N2 = 8 (number of neutrons in C-14) 6. What particle is emitted when 15P-32 decays to 16S-32? (A) alpha (B) beta (C) neutron (D) gamma (E) proton 7. What is the Q-value for the reaction 9Be + 12 C + n? (m = 4.0026 u, mBe = 9.01218 u, mc = 12.0000 u, mn = 1.008665 u, and c2 = 931 MeV/u) 7A. (1) mB = mBe + m mu4.0026 u (3) mB = 13.01478 u (4) mA = mc + mn (5) mA = 12.0000 u + 1.008665 u (6) mA = 13.008665 u (7) m = mB – mA (8) m = 0.006115 u (9) E = (m)c2 (10) E = (0.006115 u)(931.5 MeV/ u) (11) E = 5.69 MeV (Q-value) 4|Page CHEMISTRY MR. SURRETTE VAN NUYS HIGH SCHOOL 8. Nuclear fusion involves combining the nuclei of: (A) low atomic numbers (B) metals (C) non-metals (D) noble gases (E) high atomic numbers 5|Page CHEMISTRY MR. SURRETTE VAN NUYS HIGH SCHOOL CHAPTER 3: ELEMENTS AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE QUIZ SOLUTIONS 1. These elements are somewhat good conductors of heat and electricity. 1A. metalloids 2. Group 1 elements of the periodic table are called the: 2A. alkali metals 3. Group 18 elements of the periodic table are called the: 3A. noble gases 4. This scientist discovered the electron. 4A. JJ Thomson 5. This scientist proposed the nuclear theory of the atom. 5A. Ernest Rutherford 6. This scientist developed the periodic table. 6A. Dmitri Mendeleev 7. Which of the following elements is diatomic? 7A. Iodine 8. An atom with 15 protons, 17 neutrons and 18 electrons has a mass of __________ and a charge of __________ and belongs to the element __________. 8A. 32 amu - 3 phosphorus 9. A radioactive material initially has an activity of 1200 counts/sec. If six hours later it has an activity of 600 counts/sec, what is its half life? 9A. (1) 1200 600 (2) 1 half-life has gone by in 6 hours. (3) = 6 hours 10. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 88 Ra-226 decays to 86Rn-222 by emitting what type of particle: beta proton gamma positron alpha 6|Page CHEMISTRY MR. SURRETTE VAN NUYS HIGH SCHOOL 11. Convert 302 K into oC 11A. (1) Tc = T – 273 (2) Tc = 302 – 273 (3) Tc = 29 (4) Tc = 2.9 x 101 oC 12. Convert 302 K into oF 12A. (1) Tc = T – 273 (2) Tc = 302 – 273 (3) Tc = 29 oC (4) TF = (9/5) Tc + 32 (5) TF = (9/5) (29 oC) + 32 (6) TF = 84.2 oF (7) TF = 8.42 x 101 oF (8) TF = 8.4 x 101 oF 13. Convert 10.18 mg/mL into ng/L 13A. 10.18 mg x 1g x 109 ng x 1000 mL ---------------------------------------1 mL 1000 mg 1g 1L = 1.018 x 1010 ng/L 14. Sc 14A. metal 15. I 15A. nonmetal 16. Kr 16A. nonmetal 17. If there are 6 neutrons in N-13, how many neutrons are in N-14? 17A. (1) A1 = Z + N1 (2) Z = A1 – N1 (3) Z = 13 – 6 (4) Z = 7 (number of protons in N) (5) A2 = Z + N2 (6) N2 = A2 – Z (7) N2 = 14 – 7 (8) N2 = 7 (number of neutrons in N-14) 7|Page CHEMISTRY MR. SURRETTE VAN NUYS HIGH SCHOOL 18. Mg 18A. alkaline metals 19. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) What particle is emitted when 15P-32 decays to 16S-32? alpha neutron gamma proton beta 20. Xe 20A. noble gases 21. Na 21A. alkali metals 22. Argon (atomic number 18) has three isotopes: Ar-36: 35.97 amu 0.34% relative abundance Ar-38: 37.96 amu 0.07% relative abundance Ar-40: 39.96 amu 99.59% relative abundance Based on these three isotopes, compute the atomic mass of argon. 22A. (1) A (Ar) = (35.97 x 0.0034) + (37.96 x 0.0007) + (39.96 x 0.9959) (2) A (Ar) = 0.122298 + 0.002772 + 39.796164 (3) A (Ar) = 39.921234 amu (4) A (Ar) = 39.92 amu 23. What is the Q-value for the reaction 9Be + 12 C + n? (m = 4.0026 u, mBe = 9.01218 u, mc = 12.0000 u, mn = 1.008665 u, and c2 = 931.5 MeV/u) 23A. (1) mB = mBe + m mu4.0026 u (3) mB = 13.01478 u (4) mA = mc + mn (5) mA = 12.0000 u + 1.008665 u (6) mA = 13.008665 u (7) m = mB – mA (8) m = 0.006115 u (9) E = (m)c2 (10) E = (0.006115 u)(931.5MeV /u) (11) E = 5.69 MeV (Q-value) 24. C-12 has a natural abundance of 98.89%. Out of a random sample of 10,000 carbon atoms, how many would not be C-12? 24A. 111 8|Page CHEMISTRY