UNIT THREE CLASSIFICATION – STUDY GUIDE – SUMMATIVE TEST THURSDAY, 11/20
1. What does it mean for something to be a “living” thing? R. O. G. E. R.
Respond to the environment – response to an internal or external stimuli
Organized structure (cell or cells) - the basic (smallest) unit of an organism that carries on the
functions of life
Growth and development - are involved in an organism going from young to mature
Energy use - organisms get energy from food they produce or consume, depending on the organism.
This energy is used as fuel for the organism’s body to carry out its functions.
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Reproduce offspring – asexually (one parent) or sexually (two parents)
Organism – a living thing
Spontaneous generation – an idea that life could spring from nonliving matter.
Eukaryotic/eukaroyte – a cell with a NUCLEUS
Prokaryotic/prokaryote – a cell having NO nucleus
Unicellular – one single cell Ex: eubacteria
Multicellular – more than one cell Ex: animals
Autotroph – an organism that make its own energy (food) through photosynthesis
Heterotroph – an organism that must consume energy (food) from prey or absorb energy (food) from dead
or decaying matter
UNIT THREE CLASSIFICATION – STUDY GUIDE – SUMMATIVE TEST THURSDAY, 11/20
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Taxonomy – the study of classifying organisms and naming them.
Binomial nomenclature – two word naming system for every organism made up of Genus and species.
Classification – grouping things based on their similarities
The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Organisms in Kingdom Archaebacteria belong to domain Archaea and are all prokaryotes.
Organisms in Kingdom Eubacteria belong to domain Bacteria and are all prokaryotes.
Organisms in Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Animalia belong to
domain Eukarya and are all eukaryotes.
17. List the classification levels in order from the largest (broadest) to the smallest.
(Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)
18. Dichotomous Key – an instrument or tool used to identify or classify an organism based on its characteristics
into its proper Kingdom, Phylum, Class, etc.
19. Eubacteria Kingdom Characteristics: (Eubacteria can be found in YOU).
* unicellular, prokaryotic organisms
* Some organisms are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs.
* asexual reproduction in most (binary fission); sexual reproduction in some (conjugation)
* cell walls have peptidoglycan (a carbohydrate)
* true bacteria (pathogens causing disease and parasitic); examples E. coli, Streptococcus, and good gut
bacteria Bifudus
UNIT THREE CLASSIFICATION – STUDY GUIDE – SUMMATIVE TEST THURSDAY, 11/20
20. Archaebacteria Kingdom Characteristics: (extremophiles)
* unicellular, prokaryotic organisms
* Some organisms are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs.
* asexual reproduction
* live in extreme environments, salt-lovers, extreme heat
* Examples are methanogens, halophiles
* cell walls do NOT have peptidoglycan
21. Protist Kingdom Characteristics: (the junk drawer kingdom)
* mostly unicellular, some multicellular organisms and all eukaryotes
* Some organisms are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs.
* Most have asexual reproduction (binary fission), some have sexual reproduction.
* Some have cell walls made up of cellulose (plant-like protists, aka algae). SOME DO NOT.
* Examples are Paramecium, Ameoba, Euglena, Algae, and kelp
* organisms that do not fit into any other kingdom (plant-like, animal-like, fungus-like protists)
22. Fungi Kingdom Characteristics:
* most multicellular, some unicellular organisms and all eukaryotes
* all heterotrophs – through absorption
* asexual reproduction by spore formation or budding; sexual reproduction in some
* cell walls made of chitin
* live in moist, warm environments
* Examples are mushrooms, yeasts, mold, mildew
UNIT THREE CLASSIFICATION – STUDY GUIDE – SUMMATIVE TEST THURSDAY, 11/20
23. Plant Kingdom Characteristics:
* multicellular, eukaryotic organisms
* all autotrophs (photosynthetic)
* sexual & asexual reproduction
* cell walls made of cellulose
* Examples are mosses, ferns, pine trees, shrubs, grass, flowers
* nonmotile
24. Animal Kingdom Characteristics: (very diverse)
* multicellular, eukaryotic organisms
* all heterotrophs
* NO cell wall
* sexual and asexual reproduction
* Cells are organized into tissues that make up organs
* very diverse; 95% invertebrates, 5% vertebrates (Phylum Chordata)