THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN ECONOMY

advertisement
ISSN 1648-9098
Ekonomika ir vadyba: aktualijos ir perspektyvos. 2007. 2 (9). 68–75
7+(*(1(5$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&62)02'(51(&2120<
/DULVD)URORYD.DWHULQD.RYDO\RYD
Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade, Ukraine
,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KHWKHRU\RIORJLVWLFVDFTXLUHVVSHFLDOVLJQL¿
FDQFHLQWHUPVRIWKHPDUNHWHFRQRP\WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ
WKH LQIRUPDWLRQRULHQWHG VRFLHW\ IRUPDWLRQ LQWHJUD
WLRQ DQG JOREDOL]DWLRQ SURFHVVHV HYROXWLRQ$ GHYHO
RSPHQWOHYHORIWKHORJLVWLFVWKHRU\LVGHWHUPLQHGE\
WKH FRPSUHKHQVLRQ RI SUHVHQWGD\ FRQFHSWXDO DSSD
UDWXVDQGWKHHODERUDWLRQRIUHFHQWVFLHQWL¿FDEVWUDF
WLRQVDVIRUWKHV\VWHPRIORJLVWLFNQRZOHGJHIRUPLQJ
in actual practice of the integration processes onrush
DQGVRFLHW\LQIRUPDWL]DWLRQ
$V ORJLVWLF IXQFWLRQV ZLWKLQ PDUNHW HFRQRP\
DUH UHDOL]HG DV XQLW\ RI LQGHSHQGHQW HQWLWLHV RI WKH
HQWUHSUHQHXULDODFWLYLW\WKHIRUPDWLRQRIJRRGVÀRZV
ZKLFKGLIIHULQYROXPHVGLUHFWLRQVDQGSHULRGLFLW\LV
SURYLGHGE\WKHHFRQRPLFWLHVEHWZHHQWKHVHSDUDWH
market entities. Logistic approach to the cooperation
establishment is the basis of forming collaboration
ERWKDWWKHHQWHUSULVHVDQGLQHYHU\OLQNRIJRRGVÀRZ
chain from a producer to a user, as it has an advantage
RYHUWUDGLWLRQDORQHV7KDWLVZK\WKHUHLVDQHFHVVLW\
LQDJURXQGLQJRIORJLVWLFPHWKRGRORJ\RIHVWDEOLVK
LQJ FROODERUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ VHSDUDWH HQWHUSULVHV DQG
GHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWHUPVRIDFKLHYLQJHI¿FLHQF\ERWKLQ
public production and consumption.
The aim of article: the grounding of common
FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHPRGHUQHFRQRP\ZKLFKDUHRE
served as the preconditions of logistic approach ap
plication in order to control the process of goods and
VHUYLFHVÀRZVIRUPDWLRQ
5HVHDUFKREMHFWLYHVGHYHORSPHQWRIQHZPDQ
DJHPHQWPHWKRGVSUR¿FLHQWDQDO\VLVRIWKHHFRQRP\
ORJLVWL]DWLRQREMHFWLYHSUHFRQGLWLRQVDQLQYHVWLJDWLRQ
of the logistic management essence, functions and
VSKHUHV VFLHQWL¿F VHDUFK RI WKH PRVW HI¿FLHQW PDQ
DJHPHQWDQGRUJDQL]DWLRQDOPHWKRGVRIWKHHFRQRP\
UHJXODWLRQ LQ WHUPV RI ZRUOG HFRQRP\ JOREDOL]DWLRQ
processes and information technologies development.
Research methods: a method of logical ab
VWUDFWLRQ D PHWKRG RI KLVWRULFDO DVSHFWV V\VWHP DQG
VWUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVWKHPHWKRGVRIDQDO\VLVDQGFRP
SDUDWLYHDQDO\VLV
,QWHJUDWLRQDVDFRQVHTXHQFHRIHFRQRP\
ORJLVWL]DWLRQ
3UREDELOLW\ RI VXFFHVV RI WKH HFRQRPLF WUDQV
formations on the basis of logistic approach to en
WUHSUHQHXULDO DFWLYLW\ RUJDQL]DWLRQ LH HFRQRP\
ORJLVWL]DWLRQ LQFUHDVHV XQGHU WKH FRQGLWLRQV ZKHQ
such transformations meet the requirements of pro
gressive economic processes. Integration is a natural
reaction of market to the excessive chaotic character
RIUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQIXQFWLRQLQJHQWLWLHV,QWHJUDWLRQ
processes open additional reserves for increasing ef
¿FLHQF\ ZKLOH WUDQVLWLQJ WR WKH LQQRYDWLRQ PRGHO RI
HFRQRP\ GHYHORSPHQW WDNLQJ URRW LQWR WKH HQWHU
prises economic mechanisms. Enterprises of one in
GXVWULDO EUDQFK HQWHUSULVHVFRPSHWLWRUV KDYH PRUH
possibilities of integration.
Scientists notice that the market transforma
WLRQLQSRVWVRYLHWFRXQWULHVLQWHQVL¿HGDQLQWHJUDWLRQ
RIRUJDQL]DWLRQDOWHFKQRORJLFDOHFRQRPLFDQGLQIRU
PDWLRQDOSURFHVVHVLQFRPSDULVRQWRWKRVHZKLFKWRRN
SODFHLQthLQZHVWHUQGHYHORSHGFDSLWDOLVWFRXQWULHV
>SS@7KHUHOHYDQF\DQGWRSLFDOLW\RI
using logistics approach to the management of integra
WLRQSURFHVVHVLQWKHHFRQRP\RIHYHU\HQWLW\RIHQWUH
SUHQHXULDODFWLYLW\WDNHVVSHFLDOVLJQL¿FDQFHLQDFWXDO
FRQGLWLRQVRIIUHHPDUNHWHFRQRP\$OOWKRVHVXEGLYL
VLRQVVXEXQLWVZKLFKWDNHSDUWLQEDUWHUWUDQVDFWLRQV
HJVXSSO\VDOHDQGWUDQVSRUWVHUYLFHVRIHQWHUSULVHV
associations, economical associations, concerns, inter
regional and regional intermediate and trade business
structures perform integration functions.
$Q HI¿FLHQW RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI ORJLVWLF ÀRZV UH
TXLUHVQRWRQO\PDUNHWPHFKDQLVPVRIORJLVWLFSURF
HVVHVUHJXODWLRQEXWDOVRVWDWHRQHVZKLFKDUHEDVHG
RQ EXVLQHVV OHJLVODWLRQ SROLF\ DQG VWUDWHJ\ ZKLFK
SURYLGHV DQ HFRQRPLFLQGHSHQGHQFHIRU WKH FRXQWU\
DQG VDIHW\ IRU LWV SHRSOH IURP KXQJHU DQG SRYHUW\
The indicative planning of material and energetic
UHVRXUFHVÀRZVWDNHVDQLPSRUWDQWSODFHLQWKHV\V
tem of these mechanisms. State mechanism for the
8NUDLQLDQHFRQRP\UHJXODWLRQLVDLPHGDWFUHDWLRQRI
WKHVRFLDOO\RULHQWHGPDUNHWHFRQRP\ZKLFKZLOOEH
LQWHJUDWHGLQZRUOGHFRQRPLFVSDFH
7KH RSHQQHVV RI VRFLHW\ IRU WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO
FRRSHUDWLRQ UHTXLUHV VXFK RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI EXVLQHVV
DFWLYLW\ZKLFKFDQPHHWWKHZRUOGUHTXLUHPHQWVDQG
SURYLGH FRPSHWLWLYH FDSDFLW\ 'XH WR WKLV UHDVRQ
PDUNHWLQJ PDQDJHPHQW WDNHV WKH ¿UVW SODFH ZLWKLQ
all mechanisms of the logistic processes forming at
the enterprises. Marketing management is aimed at
SURYLGLQJ FRPSHWLWLYH DGYDQWDJHV QRW RQO\ IRU WKH
GH¿QLWH JRRGV EXW DOVR IRU WKH ZKROH HQWHUSULVHV E\
means of management orientation to achieving all
(XURSHDQDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOFHUWL¿FDWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWV
of all processes and logistic chain links. Therefore,
UHJXODWLYHUROHRIWKHVWDWHLVDVVXPHGWREHRQO\DQ
LQÀXHQFHRQORJLVWLFSURFHVVHVLQWHJUDWLRQ
The modern integration trends in Ukrainian
HFRQRP\ DUH FRQGLWLRQHG E\ WKH LQWHUQDO ORJLFV RI
PDUNHW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ LQ FRPELQDWLRQ ZLWK JOREDOL
]DWLRQ SURFHVVHV LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO HFRQRPLF UHODWLRQV
DQG WKH\ DUH SURYLGHG E\ WKH OHYHO RI LQIRUPDWLRQ
WHFKQRORJLHV GHYHORSPHQW 61DJORYVNL\ KDYLQJ
VXFFHVVIXOO\ SURYHG WKH QHFHVVLW\ RI LQWHJUDWHG V\V
WHPVFUHDWLRQPHQWLRQHGWKDWWKH\SURYLGHOHYHOOLQJ
RII DQWDJRQLVPV VROYLQJ SUREOHPV ZKLFK FDQQRW EH
VROYHGZLWKRXWDVVLVWDQFHDQGDFKLHYLQJQHZHIIHFWV
IURPWKDWLQWHJUDWLRQ>S±@
,QWHJUDWLRQ SURFHVVHV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK HFR
QRPLFVORJLVWL]DWLRQHYROYHIURPDFRQVROLGDWLRQRI
different enterprises or their departments in order to
LQFUHDVH HI¿FLHQF\ RI UHVRXUFHV XWLOL]DWLRQ DQG LQWH
grated products consumption both at the account of
HI¿FLHQWWLPHPDQDJHPHQWDQGGHFUHDVLQJPDQXIDF
WXUHVXSSO\DQGFRQVXPSWLRQFRVWVRQWKHEDVLVRIUD
tional interrelation of logistic operations in integrated
V\VWHPV
*HQHUDOFRPSOLDQFHRIWKHVWUDWHJ\RIWKHLQ
WHJUDWHG DJHQWV RI PDQDJHPHQW DFWLYLW\ LV EDVHG RQ
GHYHORSPHQW DQG RUJDQL]DWLRQDO GHFLVLRQPDNLQJ DV
IRUWKHVWUXFWXUHDQGFRQ¿JXUDWLRQRIWKHÀRZSURF
HVVHVZKLFKDUHFRPPRQIRUORJLVWLFDOOLDQFHDVZHOO
DVIRUWKHXQLRQRIHQWHUSULVHV6XFKÀRZVSURFHVVHV
are based on the rational use of resource potential of
HYHU\HQWLW\RILQWHJUDWLRQ
7KH DQDO\VLV RI LQWHJUDWLRQ SURFHVVHV GHYHO
RSPHQWLQWKHHFRQRP\RIHQWHUSULVHVUHYHDOVWKHQH[W
ORJLVWLFLQWHJUDWLRQFRPSRQHQWV>S@
x DOO HQWHUSULVH IXQFWLRQV ZKLFK DUH FRQ
QHFWHGWRVHUYLFLQJORJLVWLFÀRZVJRRGV
¿QDQFLDOLQIRUPDWLRQDOVHUYLFHDQGHQ
trepreneurship potential that provides for
performing of all those functions;
x separate stages or processes of logistic
ÀRZVRIGLIIHUHQWEXVLQHVVVWUXFWXUHVHJ
WUDQVSRUWLQJ ZKLFK FRYHUV WKH RUJDQL
]DWLRQ RI VRPH VWDQGDUG JRRG VHUYLFH
FLUFXODWLRQ DQG WKH ZDUHKRXVLQJ ZKLFK
FDXVHWKHWHPSRUDU\KDOWRIGH¿QLWHSURG
XFWVWUDQVIHU
x WKHXQLW\RIÀRZVZKLFKUXQWKURXJKWKH
strategic unions and logistic alliances.
An idea of formation the logistic associations
LQWHUPVRIHQWUHSUHQHXULDODFWLYLW\LVPRVWIUHTXHQWO\
FRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHQHFHVVLW\RIDSSOLFDWLRQRIORJLV
WLF SULQFLSOHV ZKLOH YDOLGDWLQJ LQ VWUDWHJLF GHFLVLRQV
PDWFKLQJEHWZHHQWKHPDUNHWHQWLWLHV
7KHYDULHW\RIREMHFWLYHVWKDWHDFKÀRZSURFHVV
IDFHVFDXVHVDZLGHYDULHW\RIWKHORJLVWLFLQWHJUDWLRQ
IRUPVDPRQJZKLFKZHFDQGLVWLQJXLVKIRXUOHYHOV
PLFURPHWDPHVRDQGPHJDOHYHO7KHPLFUROHYHO
RILQWHJUDWLRQPHDQVWKHFRPELQLQJRIÀRZSURFHVVHV
EHWZHHQ WKH IXQFWLRQDO SDUWV GHSDUWPHQWV ZLWKLQ
VHSDUDWHEXVLQHVVVWUXFWXUHDLPHGDWWKHDGMXVWLQJWKH
PLFURORJLVFWLF ÀRZ WR EH HIIHFWLYH E\ YROXPH WLPH
DQGVSDFH7KHKRPRJHQHLW\RIORJLVWLFSURFHVVHVRQ
PHWDPHVRDQGPHJDOHYHOVRIHFRQRP\JLYHXVSRV
VLELOLW\ WR FRQVLGHU WKHP DV D PDFURHFRQRPLF SURF
esses, their integration consisting of uniting either
separate processes, or all functions of independent en
WHUSULVHVZLWKWKHSXUSRVHRILQFUHDVLQJDQHI¿FLHQF\
RI ORJLVWLF DFWLYLW\ ERWK ZLWKLQ WKH FRXQWU\ UHJLRQ
DQGRXWVLGHLWVERUGHUV>S±@
7KH VWXG\LQJ RI PLFURLQWHJUDWLRQ SURFHVVHV
ZKLFK SURYHG WKDW WZR IRUPV RI RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI DF
WLYLW\FRH[LVWDWWKHHQWHUSULVHVLVZRUWK\RIVSHFLDO
DWWHQWLRQ7KH¿UVWRQHEHLQJIXQGDPHQWDOFRYHUVGLI
IHUHQWLDWLRQ DW WKH KHDUW RI ZKLFK WKH KRUL]RQWDO GL
YLVLRQ RI ODERXU DQG RUJDQL]DWLRQDOO\ DGPLQLVWUDWLYH
assigning of separate functions including logistic to
corresponding departments are located. Second form
LVEDVHGRQWKHLQWHJUDWLRQZKLFKLVFDXVHGE\WKHQH
FHVVLW\RIFRQFRUGDQFHRIDOOGHSDUWPHQWV¶IXQFWLRQV
and creation of the common chain of logistic proc
esses aimed at effective a use of enterprise resources.
,QWHJUDWLRQLQWKHPLFURORJLVWLFV\VWHPLQWHJUDWLRQLV
EDVHGRQWKHSXUSRVHIXOFRRUGLQDWLRQRILWVVHSDUDWH
elements. The level of microintegration can be regard
HG DV D FRPSOHWH RQH LI WKH FRRUGLQDWLRQ RI HQWHU
SULVHVSDUWVDFWLYLW\LVSXUSRVHIXODQGLQFRPSOHWH±LI
RQO\VRPHGHSDUWPHQWVFRRSHUDWHSXUSRVHIXOO\
Among the forms of micrologistic integration
in a sphere of trade technological and functional func
WLRQVDUHZRUWKWREHPHQWLRQHG7KH\SURYLGHFRP
bination of the operations of all enterprise structural
VXEGLYLVLRQV LQ WKH SURFHVV RI JRRGV ÀRZV IRUPLQJ
DQGXQLW\RILQYHQWRU\ÀRZZLWKWKHÀRZRI¿QDQFHV
LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG VHUYLFHV 7KH V\QWKHVLV RI WHFKQR
logical and functional forms of integration promotes
complex integration of logistic streams.
$Q LQWHJUDWLRQ RI HQWHUSULVHV ORJLVWLF DFWLYLW\
can be divided into three forms.
7KH ¿UVW RQH LV IXQFWLRQDO LQWHJUDWLRQ LW GHDOV
ZLWK SURYLGLQJ FRQFRUGDQFH RI RQH IXQFWLRQ HQWHU
prises or group of homogeneous logistic functions
ZLWKRXWIRUPDWLRQRIJHQHUDOVXEVHFWLRQVRUFRUSRUDWH
merger. In trade such integration embraces above all a
purchase, transportation, storing and production dis
tribution.
7KH VHFRQG RQH LV DQ RUJDQL]DWLRQDO LQWHJUD
WLRQ ,W FRYHUV WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQDOO\ IXQFWLRQDO OHYHO
RI ORJLVWLF DFWLYLW\ RI VHSDUDWH HQWHUSULVHV ,Q WUDGH
LWLVWKHPHUJHURIZDUHKRXVLQJWUDQVSRUWDWLRQPDQ
DJHPHQWDQGRWKHUVXEVHFWLRQVZLWKWKHLUIXQFWLRQV
1DWXUDOO\WKLVW\SHRILQWHJUDWLRQLVEURDGHUDVLWLQ
cludes functional integration and the integration of
enterprises units.
The third form of integration covers creation
RIMRLQWYHQWXUHE\XQLWLQJDOOIXQFWLRQVDQGRUJDQL
]DWLRQDOVWUXFWXUHVRIHQWHUSULVHVZKLFKDUHEHLQJLQ
tegrated.
&RQVLGHUHG IRUPV RI LQWHJUDWLRQ UHÀHFW DQ LQ
WHQVL¿FDWLRQ RI LQWHJUDWLRQ SURFHVVHV VWDUWLQJ IURP
the separate logistic functions combination up to the
FUHDWLRQRIJHQHUDOEXVLQHVVVWUXFWXUHV7KH\FDQEH
GLYLGHGLQWRVKRUWWHUPRUORQJWHUPE\WKHSHULRGRI
YDOLGLW\ DQG LQWR YHUWLFDO KRUL]RQWDO DQG FRQJORP
HUDWHG E\ WKH GLUHFWLRQV RI XQLWLQJ DFWLYLW\ *HQHUDO
IHDWXUHRIHQWHUSULVHVDFWLYLW\LQWHJUDWLRQIRUPVLVSUH
VHQWHGLQWKHPRQRJUDSKRIDXWKRU>S@
+RZHYHUWKHIRUPVRIORJLVWLFSURFHVVHVLQWH
JUDWLRQKDYHVSHFL¿FIHDWXUHVLQDWUDGHDFWLYLW\DQG
WKH\PXVWEHWDNHQLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQZKLOHFUHDWLQJ
WKHPDQDJHPHQWVWUXFWXUHVZKLFKZLOOFRQWUROORJLVWLF
ÀRZV RI HQWHUSULVHV DQG RSWLPL]H D EXVLQHVVDFWLY
LW\RILQWHJUDWHGHQWHUSULVHVRQWKHEDVLVRISURYLGLQJ
concordance of logistic processes in a logistic chain
SURGXFWLRQ RI UDZ PDWHULDO FRQVXPSWLRQ RI WKH
JRRGVDQGVHUYLFHV7KHJHQHUDOVWUXFWXUHRIORJLVWLF
management of integrated enterprises must provide
DQDQDO\VLVDQGSODQQLQJRIORJLVWLFDFWLYLW\DQGDOVR
control the performing of determined tasks in order
RIWKHLUWLPHO\FRUUHFWLRQLQWHUPVRIWKHUHDOVLWXDWLRQ
DW WKH UHFRXUVHV UHDG\PDGH SURGXFWV DQG VHUYLFHV
markets.
In order to keep a legal independence of in
tegration participants in trade, it is rational to create
ORJLVWLFVHUYLFHVZKLFKSURYLGHWKHFRQWURORIJRRGV
ÀRZVIRUWKHZKROHVDOHUVDVWKH\ZLOOEHDEOHWRIXQF
WLRQ PXFK PRUH HIIHFWLYHO\LQ D VSKHUH RI RUJDQL]D
WLRQ SODQQLQJ DQDO\VLV SXUFKDVH FRQWURO WUDQVSRUW
LQJ DQG VWRUDJH RI FRPPRGLWLHV ZKLFK DUH XVHG WR
VDWLVI\WKHGHPDQGRIUHWDLOPDUNHW6XFKDGPLQLVWUD
WLYHVWUXFWXUHVLQWKHV\VWHPRI8NUDLQLDQWUDGHEHLQJ
H[SHULHQFHGLQWKHFRPPDQGPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPRI
UHVRXUFHVDOORFDWLRQDQGVXSSO\RIFRPPRGLWLHVZLOO
EH DEOH WR IRUP WKH ÀRZV RI JRRGV LQ D VSDWLRWHP
poral sequence in accordance to meeting the require
ments of markets.
Enterprises that train specialists, make efforts
WR RSWLPL]H WKH ORJLVWLF SURFHVVHV GHYHORS SURMHFWV
and give recommendations about the integrated lo
JLVWLFVV\VWHPVDQGFKDLQVIRUPDWLRQRQDOOHFRQRPLF
stages take an advantage in the process of common
logistic services creation. Enterprises that have such
H[SHULHQFHDVDUXOHWDNHWKHLQLWLDWLYHWRUHDOL]HWKLV
integration.
7KHV\VWHPRILQWHJUDWHGLQGH[HVLHWKHPLQ
imum of aggregate expenditures and the maximum
RILQWHJUDWHGVWUXFWXUHVSUR¿WLVXVXDOO\XVHGWRHV
WLPDWH WKH HFRQRPLF HI¿FLHQF\ RI EXVLQHVV ORJLVWLF
LQWHJUDWLRQ7KHRSWLPL]DWLRQRILQWHJUDWLRQSURFHVVHV
UHTXLUHVGHWHUPLQLQJERXQGDU\PD[LPXPRIWKHEXVL
QHVVDFWLYLW\ W\SHV DQG HQWHUSULVHV ZKLFK LQWHJUDWH
themselves into the general economic structures.
([SHGLHQF\LQWKHFRUHRIZKLFKEHLQJHFRQRPL]LQJ
of aggregate expenditures serves as a main criterion
IRULQWHJUDWLRQOLPLWVGHWHUPLQDWLRQ7KDWLVZK\WKH
³LQWHJUDWLRQOLPLW´FRQFHUQVQRWDQDPRXQWRIWKHLQ
WHJUDWHGW\SHVRIEXVLQHVVDFWLYLW\EXWWKHUHVXOWVRI
their merger, that expresses the highest possible cut
back of the logistic aggregate expenditures as basis of
WKHHQWHUSULVHVZRUNRSWLPL]DWLRQ
,QIRUPDWL]DWLRQUROHDQGSODFHLQWHUPVRI
PRGHUQHFRQRP\
(YHU\ W\SH RI LQWHJUDWLRQ UHTXLUHV DQ DSSUR
SULDWH GDWDZDUH /RJLVWLF LQWHJUDWLRQ LQWR 8NUDLQLDQ
HFRQRP\LVLPSRVVLEOHZLWKRXWQDWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQ
UHVRXUFHV ZKLFK PHHW LQWHUQDWLRQDO UHTXLUHPHQWV
The development of logistic integration depends on
WKHOHYHORIHFRQRPLFSURFHVVHVDQGV\VWHPVLQIRUPD
WL]DWLRQ ,QIRUPDWL]DWLRQ RI VRFLHW\ DQG LWV HFRQRP\
LV SURYLGHG E\ WKH OHYHO RI VFLHQWL¿F DQG WHFKQLFDO
SURJUHVV LQ WKLV VSKHUH RI DFWLYLW\ 7KH ZLGH XVH RI
,QWHUQHWWHFKQRORJLHV LQ HQWUHSUHQHXULDO DFWLYLW\ WKH
RUJDQL]DWLRQDOO\HFRQRPLFVHSDUDWLRQRIKLWHFKSUR
GXFWLRQVDQGWKHQHFHVVLW\LQFRQWURORYHU³WUDGLWLRQ
DO´DQG³PRGHUQ´VWUHDPSURFHVVHVFKDQJHGPDQDJH
PHQWFRQVLGHUDEO\
%HLQJLQÀXHQFHGE\WKHGHYHORSPHQWRI,7DQG
JURZWKRIHFRQRP\LQIRUPDWL]DWLRQLQSDUWLFXODULQWKH
VRFLHW\ LQ JHQHUDO D GH¿QLWH UHWKLQNLQJ DQG UHHYDOXD
tion of theoretical concepts concerning these events is
WDNLQJSODFH)XQGDPHQWDOUROHRIVFLHQWL¿FDQGWHFKQR
logical achievement is in the development of so called
VFLHQWL¿FDQGWHFKQLFDOSDWKZD\VRIKXPDQHVFLHQFHV
'LIIHUHQW NLQGV RI VFKRODUOLQHVV LQ WXUQ KDYH PDGH
grounds for development of industrial, postindustrial
DQG LQIRUPDWLRQ VRFLHW\ FRQFHSWV 'XULQJ WKH VHFRQG
KDOIRIWKH;;FHQWXU\WKHVHFRQFHSWVKDYHEHHQFKDQJ
LQJHDFKRWKHUVXEVHTXHQWO\,GHDVRIQHZLQGXVWULDODQG
SRVWLQGXVWULDOVRFLHW\ZHUHJUDGXDOO\PRGL¿HGLQWRWKH
FRQFHSWRILQIRUPDWLRQDQGQHWZRUNVRFLHW\
7KH WKHRU\ RI LQIRUPDWLRQRULHQWHG VRFLHW\
ZDV DVVXPHG DV D EDVLV RI = %]H]KLQVNL\ '%HOO
27RIÀHUZRUNV7KHGH¿QLWLRQRI³LQIRUPDWLRQRUL
HQWHGVRFLHW\´ZDVLQWURGXFHGLQWRSUDFWLFHE\WKH)
0DKOXSWKH86$DQGɌ8PHVDR-DSDQDWWKHHDUO\
V.QRZOHGJHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGWKHPHWKRGVRILWV
SURFHVVLQJEHLQJWKHIDFWRUVRIVRFLHW\GHYHORSPHQW
WDNHVLJQL¿FDQFHLQWHUPVRISUHVHQWGD\LQIRUPDWL]D
WLRQSURFHVVHV$PHULFDQHFRQRPLVW:0DUWLQJLYHV
WKH QH[W GH¿QLWLRQ WR WKH LQIRUPDWLRQRULHQWHG VRFL
HW\³WKHVRFLHW\LQZKLFKOLIHTXDOLWLHVDVZHOODVWKH
possibilities of social changes and economic develop
PHQWGHSHQGRQLQIRUPDWLRQDQGLWVXVDJH´>S@
7KHFRQVHTXHQFHVRIWKHSUHVHQWGD\LQIRUPD
WLRQSURFHVVHVZKLFKSHUPLWWRLQGLFDWHDIXQGDPHQ
WDOVWDJHRIVRFLHW\GHYHORSPHQWRIVRFLHW\DUHWKHLQ
IROORZLQJ
GHFUHDVHRIEXUHDXFUDWLFDGPLQLVWUDWLRQLQ
ÀXHQFH DQ LQFUHDVH RI ZRUNHUV¶ LQGHSHQG
HQFH D WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ RI HYHU\ VWUXFWXUDO
unit to the separate module aimed at solving
HYHU\ZHOOGH¿QHGSUREOHP
YDOXH V\VWHP FKDQJLQJ LQ RUGHU WR VROYH
economic and social problems (consumers’
DQGZRUNHUV¶ULJKWVSURWHFWLRQVRFLHWLHVDQG
to meet the requirements of different social
classes;
DQ LQWHQVL¿FDWLRQ RI HFRQRPLF SURFHVVHV
XQL¿FDWLRQLQDZRUOGVFRSHDQLQFUHDVHRI
RYHUQDWLRQDOPDQDJHPHQWDQGRYHUQDWLRQ
al institutes role.
7KHZRUOGFRPPXQLW\FRXQWULHVKDVDO
UHDG\ DGRSWHG7KH &RQVWLWXWLRQ RI ,QIRUPDWLRQ2UL
HQWHG6RFLHW\LQZKLFKQHZGLUHFWLRQVRIVRFLHW\LQ
IRUPDWL]DWLRQ LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO UHJLRQDO DQG QDWLRQDO
VFRSHVZHUHRXWOLQHG
7KH VWXG\ RI LQIRUPDWLRQRULHQWHG VRFLHW\ HV
VHQFHDOVRJLYHVDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRGUDZFRQFOXVLRQV
about its role in promoting personal common and nat
ural, spiritual and intellectual development, that pro
YLGHVWKHJURZWKRIQDWLRQDOKXPDQFDSLWDODVDEDVLV
of social, economic, humanitarian, cultural and other
social spheres of public life evolution for the purpose
RILQFUHDVLQJSHRSOHOLYLQJVWDQGDUGVPRGHUQL]DWLRQ
RIHFRQRP\DQGVWUHQJWKHQLQJRIWKH6WDWHV\VWHP
6R WKH ³HFRQRPLFV RI NQRZOHGJH´ EHLQJ D
EDVLV RI LQIRUPDWLRQRULHQWHG VRFLHW\ SURPRWH VXF
cessful functioning of separate economic structures,
FRXQWULHVZKROHUHJLRQVJLYLQJPRUHSRVVLELOLWLHVIRU
fair competition and constructive cooperation.
)RU WKH LQIRUPDWLRQRULHQWHG VRFLHW\ GHYHORS
PHQWLQ8NUDLQHLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRFDUU\RXWWKHVHWRI
FUXFLDOPHDVXUHVZKLFKZLOOSURPRWHDFKLHYHPHQWRI
SRVLWLYHUHVXOWVLQWKHSURFHVVRILQIRUPDWL]DWLRQLQDOO
social life spheres.
To further subsequent improvement of the leg
LVODWLYHEDVHRILQIRUPDWL]DWLRQLQ8NUDLQHLWLVQHF
HVVDU\WRDGRSWWKHODZ³2QWKHDFFHVVWRSXEOLFLQ
IRUPDWLRQ´ZKLFKPXVWHVWDEOLVKDQRUGHURIDFFHVV
to public information, an order of data accessing and
restricted access information using, claiming proce
GXUHRIGHQLDODQGLQTXLULHVGHOD\HWF7KHDGRSWLRQ
RIWKHODZ³2QWKHDFWLYLW\LQLQIRUPDWL]DWLRQ¿HOG´
DQGWKHFRPSOH[RIVWDWXWRU\DFWVRQLQIRUPDWLRQVH
FXULW\LVDORQJIHOWQHHG7KHOHJDOVWDWXVRIUHODWLRQV
ZKLFKRFFXUGXULQJFUHDWLRQUHDOL]DWLRQDQGXVDJHRI
information technologies, information products and
resources, providing services as for their application,
and also complex of normative acts in relation to in
IRUPDWLYHVDIHW\VKRXOGEHGHWHUPLQHGLQDERYHPHQ
tioned legal documents.
7KHHFRQRPLFDVSHFWVRI,7LQÀXHQFHXSRQWKH
sphere of exchange and consumption stimulated the
GHYHORSPHQW RI YLUWXDO HFRQRP\ , 6WUHOHWV GH¿QHV
YLUWXDO HFRQRP\ DV ³DQ HQYLURQPHQW SHFXOLDU HFR
QRPLFVSDFHLQZKLFKHOHFWURQLFFRPPHUFHDQGHOHF
WURQLFEXVLQHVVDUHGRQHLWLVDQHFRQRP\EDVHGRQ
WKHXVHRILQWHUDFWLYHSRVVLELOLWLHV´>S@9LUWXDO
HFRQRP\ LV DOVR FDOOHG D QHZ HFRQRP\ LQ RUGHU WR
underline its difference from conventional one.
7KHLQGHSWKVWXG\RIVFLHQWL¿FSURFHHGLQJVRI
WKH QHZ HFRQRP\ DVSHFWV JDYH D SRVVLELOLW\ WR ¿QG
VXFKVSHFLDOLVWVZKRGRQ¶WHTXDWHWKH³QHZHFRQRP\´
ZLWKWKH³,QWHUQHWEXVLQHVV´DQG³,QWHUQHWHFRQRP\´
EXW GLIIHUHQWLDWH WKHP E\ HVVHQFH VWDWLQJ WKDW WKH
©QHZHFRQRP\ªLQFOXGHVQRWRQO\EXVLQHVVSURFHVVHV
LQ WKH *OREDO 1HWZRUN ³HEXVLQHVV´ RU HOHFWURQLF
EXVLQHVVEXWDOVRVHSDUDWHHQWHUSULVHVSURFHVVHVLQWKH
VSKHUHV RI WUDGLWLRQDO HFRQRP\ ZKLFK XVH VRFDOOHG
³KLJK WHFKQRORJLHV´ KLJKWHFK WKH WHFKQRORJLHV RI
HOHFWURQLFH[FKDQJHRU:HEWHFKQRORJLHV
(EXVLQHVV LQ FRQWUDVW WR WKH QHZ HFRQRP\ LV
DQ HQWHUSULVH DFWLYLW\ EDVHG RQ GLJLWDO WHFKQRORJLHV
and their advantages. Electronic business can also
EHGH¿QHGDVDQDSSOLFDWLRQRIRSHQHGQHWZRUNWHFK
QRORJLHVXVHGIRUWKHHOHFWURQLFRSHUDWLRQVRSWLPL]D
WLRQRIEXVLQHVVSURFHVVHVSUR¿FLHQWLQIRUPDWLRQLQ
WHUFKDQJH,QWKHEURDGVHQVH³HEXVLQHVV´LVGH¿QHG
as the process of Internet usage in order to accelerate
WKHDFWLYLW\RIDQHQWHUSULVHEXVLQHVVJURXSHFRQRP\
branches and national economic complex.
7KH GH¿QLWLRQV RI ³,QWHUQHWWUDGLQJ´ ³,QWHU
QHWWUDGH´ ³HOHFWURQLF FRPPHUFH´ DQG ³HOHFWURQLF
PHGLDWLRQ´ JR DORQJ ZLWK VXFK WHUPV DV ³HOHFWURQLF
EXVLQHVV´ DQG ³HOHFWURQLF FRPPHUFH´ LQ VFLHQWL¿F
SURFHHGLQJVDQGPDVVPHGLD7KHFRQFHSWRI³EXVL
QHVV´FRYHUVGHHSHUOD\HURIHFRQRPLFUHODWLRQVWKDQ
DOORWKHUFDWHJRULHVZKLFKDUHXVHGIRUWKHGHVFULSWLRQ
RIWKHÀRZSURFHVVHVLQDWUDGLWLRQDORU³QHZ´HQWHU
prise environment.
1RZDGD\V LW LV QRW RQO\ HQWHUSULVH SURFHVVHV
WKDWDUHEHLQJUHDOL]HGZLWKWKHKHOSRI,QWHUQHWWHFK
nologies but also social, economic, political, state and
RWKHUSXEOLFRQHV7KHZKROHVHWRIHEXVLQHVVSURF
HVVHV FDQ EH GLYLGHG LQWR ORJLFDOO\ GHWDFKHG VHFWRUV
E\ VSHFL¿F FKDUDFWHU SXUSRVH RI UHDOL]DWLRQ DQG WKH
OHYHO RI FRRSHUDWLRQ EXVLQHVVWREXVLQHVV %%
EXVLQHVVWRHPSOR\HH %(P EXVLQHVVWRFRQVXP
HU%&FRQVXPHUWRFRQVXPHU&&EXVLQHVVWR
JRYHUQPHQW%*JRYHUQPHQWWRFRQVXPHU*&
JRYHUQPHQWWRJRYHUQPHQW**KRZHYHUUHFHQWO\
XQLYHUVDOGH¿QLWLRQRIUHODWLRQV$$³HYHU\WKLQJWR
DOO´KDVDSSHDUHGLQWKHVSKHUHRIHEXVLQHVV
7KRURXJKDQDO\VLVRIHOHFWURQLFPDUNHWLQWKH
V\VWHP RI HFRQRP\ ORJLVWL]DWLRQ SURYHG WKDW QRZD
GD\VZRUOGF\EHUVSDFHWXUQVLQWRWKHWHUULWRU\RIPDVV
market and becomes a basis for the megalogistic
WUDGLQJV\VWHPVIRUPDWLRQ,QWKHQHDUHVWIXWXUHRQO\
WKRVHHQWHUSULVHVWUXFWXUHVZLOOVWD\FRPSHWLWLYHWKDW
ZLOOXVH,7LQWKHLUORJLVWLFDFWLYLW\LQWKHPRVWHIIHF
WLYHZD\
6RPHPHDVXUHVKDYHEHHQDOUHDG\WDNHQLQRU
GHU WR REYLDWH REVWDFOHV IRU WKH HEXVLQHVV GHYHORS
PHQWLQ8NUDLQH,QSDUWLFXODULQWKHJRYHUQPHQW
DGRSWHG WZR VWDJHV SURJUDP ³(OHFWURQLF 8NUDLQH´
7KH¿UVWVWDJH±SURYLGHVIRUWKHFUHDWLRQ
of public computer and Internet centers. The costs of
WKLV SURMHFW UHDOL]DWLRQ DUH HVWLPDWHG WR EH PLOOL
ard hrivnas. Financing the program is envisaged to
be provided at the expense of state budget, regional
budgets, businesses and foreign credits.
7KH SURJUDP ³(OHFWURQLF 8NUDLQH´ HQYLVDJHV
WKHFUHDWLRQRI³HOHFWURQLFJRYHUQPHQW´DGPLQLVWUDW
ing obstacles negotiation in the IT market, the devel
RSPHQWRIHGXFDWLRQV\VWHPRQWKHEDVLVRIFRPSX
WHUL]DWLRQSURYLGLQJWHFKQRORJLFDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQG
VRFLHW\LQIRUPDWL]DWLRQXQGHU(XURSHDQVWDQGDUGV
The development of electronic business re
TXLUHV DGRSWLQJ WKH SDFNDJH RI WKH VWDWXWRU\ DFWV LQ
UHODWLRQ WR RSHUDWLRQV OHJLWLPDF\ RI FDUULHG RXW RQ
WKHHOHFWURQLFPDUNHW7ZR8NUDLQLDQODZV³2QWKH
HOHFWURQLF GLJLWDO VLJQDWXUH´ DQG ³2Q WKH HOHFWURQLF
GRFXPHQWVDQGWKHGRFXPHQWVFLUFXODWLRQ´FDPHLQWR
HIIHFWIURPWKHstRI-DQXDU\7KH\GHWHUPLQH
NH\ SRVLWLRQV RI HOHFWURQLF FRPPHUFH LQ OHJLVODWLRQ
7KHELOO³$ERXWWKHHOHFWURQLFWUDGH´LVVWLOOEHLQJQH
JRWLDWHGE\WKH6XSUHPH6RYLHWRI8NUDLQHEHLQJGH
IDFWR HQIRUFHDEOH DOUHDG\$W WKH VDPH WLPH WKHUH LV
DQXUJHQWQHHGWRDGRSWWKH/DZRQ,QWHUQHWEDQNLQJ
WRFDUU\RXWDQDJUHHPHQWDERXWHOHFWURQLFLQVXUDQFH
FRQWUDFWV DQG RQ WKH VSHFLDO QRUPDWLYH DFWV ZKLFK
SURWHFWDFRQ¿GHQWLDOLW\RIFRPPHUFLDOLQIRUPDWLRQ
7KH FUHDWLRQ RI WKH ORJLVWLF LQIRUPDWLRQ V\V
WHPV/,6LQIUDVWUXFWXUHWDNHVDQLPSRUWDQWSODFHLQ
WKHSURFHVVRIHIIHFWLYHHEXVLQHVVV\VWHPIRUPDWLRQ
ZKLFKFDQEHGRQHE\VWUHQJWKHQLQJFRRSHUDWLRQEH
WZHHQ HOHFWURQLF GHDOHUV DQG ORJLVWLF PLGGOHPHQ RI
WUDGLWLRQDO HFRQRP\ ZKR RZQ ZDUHKRXVHV DQG GLV
WULEXWLYH FHQWHUV DV ZHOO DV E\ KDQGLQJ RYHU WR WKH
DXWRVRULQJDNLQGRIDFWLYLW\ZKLFKLVXQFRQYHQWLRQDO
to the Internet trade.
1HWZRUN WHFKQRORJLHV ,QWHUQHW,QWUDQHW DV WKH
means of communication are the most favorable of
those used to form and support the LIS infrastructure.
(OHFWURQLFGDWDLQWHUFKDQJH(',UHTXLUHVFUHDWLQJLQ
WKHHQWHUSULVHORFDOQHWZRUN,QWUDQHWZKLFKKHOSVWR
XVHWKHLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPVRI053DQG(53FODVV
+LJKHUFODVVV\VWHPV&653DQG$36DUHWREHREOLJ
DWRU\DSSOLHGZLWKLQ*OREDO1HWZRUNHQYLURQPHQW
,QWHUQHWVHUYLFH HQDEOHV WR FRQVROLGDWH DOO WKH
SURFHGXUHVRILQIRUPDWLRQDOÀRZVSURFHVVLQJLQWRWKH
KXJHEXVLQHVVRULHQWHGVHUYLFHÀRZV7KHEDVLFDGYDQ
WDJHVRI,QWHUQHW,QWUDQHWWHFKQRORJLHVDUHDYDLODELOLW\
WKHUHLVQRVSHFLDOQHHGWRRUJDQL]HWKHPDGDSWDELO
LW\WRWKHWUDGLWLRQDOWHFKQRORJLHVKLJKPRELOLW\
The electronic trade as a component of elec
tronic business is being built on the full use of Inter
QHWWHFKQRORJLHV LQ EXVLQHVV UHODWLRQV EHWZHHQ SDUW
QHUV7KHVHFWRUV%%DQG%&KDYHJUHDWSRWHQWLDOWR
UHDOL]H,QWHUQHWWUDGHSURMHFWV0RVWRIWKHWUDGHHQWHU
SULVHVSUR¿FLHQWO\XVHWKHVLPSOHVW,QWHUQHWWHFKQROR
JLHVHPDLOZHEKRVWVFRQQHFWLRQUHDGLQJVHQGLQJ
RILQIRUPDWLRQHOHFWURQLFIRUPVFRPSOHWLRQHWF
'HVSLWHRIWKHVHIDFWVHEXVLQHVVDQGHOHFWURQLF
commerce in Ukraine are still undergoing change.
The main obstacles for their development are: unsta
EOH DQG UHJXODWHG HFRQRP\ ORZ SXUFKDVLQJ SRZHU
ODFNRI,QWHUQHWXVHUVXQVDWLVIDFWRU\QHWZRUNVTXDOLW\
DQG SRRUO\ GHYHORSHG WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV LQGXVWU\
LQVWUXPHQWV LPSHUIHFWLRQ RI SD\PHQW LQVWUXPHQWV
ODFNRIOHJLVODWLYHEDVHZKLFKUHJXODWHVSD\PHQWVDQG
taxation of Internet contracts. It must be mentioned
WKDWWKHODFNRIDSSURSULDWHHEXVLQHVVLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
LQ WKH QDWLRQDO PDUNHW VDIHW\ UHJXODWLRQV GDWD HQ
FU\SWLRQGLJLWDODXWKHQWL¿FDWLRQRIFRYHQDQWRUVHWF
ODFNRIWKHGHYHORSHGV\VWHPVIRUGHOLYHU\RIJRRGV
bought in Internet, disparagement to the Internet ne
FHVVLW\DQGDELOLWLHVLQDVFRSHRIVWDWHHFRQRP\LQ
VXI¿FLHQW IXQFWLRQDO XVH RI LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHPV RI
PDQDJHPHQWQDWLRQDOHQWHUSULVHVZKLFKFDQQRWPHHW
WKHRUJDQL]DWLRQDODQGWHFKQRORJLFDOUHTXLUHPHQWVRI
electronic trade also hamper the progress of electron
ic commerce in Ukraine. Moreover, electronic trade
GRHVQRWJLYHSRVVLELOLWLHVWRKROGVKDG\RSHUDWLRQV
as it puts a stress on the transparent and open compe
WLWLRQLQVWHDGRIVHFUHWWUDI¿F
1DWLRQDO HQWHUSULVHV RI IHUURXV DQG QRQIHU
URXVPHWDOOXUJ\SHWUROHXPDQGFKHPLFDOLQGXVWU\DUH
H[WUHPHO\LQWHUHVWHGLQWKHSRVVLELOLWLHVRIHOHFWURQLF
FRPPHUFH$W SUHVHQW WKH OHDGLQJ SRUWDOV ZKHUH WKH
PDUNHWLQJRIPHWDOVLVKROGLQRQOLQHPRGHDUHZZZ
ptcor.net/ukrmet (electronic trade center of mining
DQGVPHOWLQJFRPSOH[RIWKH³3URPWHOHNRP´JURXS
ZZZXNUPHWDOFRPXD ZZZLQWHUPHWDOOFRPXD DQG
ZZZSURPHWDOFRPXD
.KDUNRY SKDUPDFHXWLFDO HQWHUSULVH ³6%6
SKDUPDF\´KDVRSHQHGLWVRZQ,QWHUQHWVKRSZZZ
VEVSDUPDF\FRPXDLQRUGHUWRVDOHPHGLFDWLRQVWR
OHJDO HQWLWLHV D SURWRW\SH RI %%WUDGH DUHD .LHY
³%XVLQHVVFHQWHUSKDUPDF\´ZDVWKH¿UVWRQHWRFUH
DWH DQ ,QWHUQHWSKDUPDF\ ZZZHDSWHNDFRPXD
7KLV%&ZHESDJHJLYHVFRQVXPHUDSRVVLELOLW\WR
order more than three thousand medications, obtain
LQGHSWK LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKHP 3D\PHQWV FDQ EH
PDGHDIWHUGHOLYHU\ZLWKWKHKHOSRILQYRLFHRUZLWK
WKHKHOSRIFUHGLWFDUG6SHFLDOFDUGZKLFKJUDQWV
GLVFRXQWVLVRIIHUHGIRUWKHSDWURQV
7KHUHVXOWVRIDQDO\VLVRIWKH8NUDLQLDQ©EXVL
QHVVWREXVLQHVVªVHFWRUHYLGHQFHWKDWQDWLRQDO(73
HOHFWURQLFPDUNHWSODFHVDUHLQWKHSURFHVVRIIRUP
LQJWKDWLVZK\YHU\VPDOOSDUWRIWKHPFDQRUJDQL]H
HOHFWURQLFWUDGHDWWKH*OREDO1HWZRUNLQWKHHIIHFWLYH
ZD\ 7KH EDVLF GLUHFWLRQV RI %%VHFWRUV HYROXWLRQ
LQ RXU FRXQWU\ PHHW WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV RI WKH ZRUOG
electronic market tendencies and the process of in
FUHDVLQJWKHGHPDQGDQGVXSSO\RIMRLQWVHUYLFHVHJ
ORJLVWLFVHUYLFHVLQDFKDLQRIJRRGFLUFXODWLRQ³SUR
GXFHUXVHU´
7KH VWUDWHJ\ RI DWWUDFWLRQ RI WKH PRVW FRP
SHWLWLYH ¿QDQFLDOO\ FDSDFLRXV DQG KLJKO\ GHYHORSHG
HFRQRP\EUDQFKHVZKLFKSURGXFHFRPSHWLWLYHJRRGV
PXVWEHZRUNHGRXWLQRUGHUWRSURYLGHHEXVLQHVVHY
ROXWLRQLQ8NUDLQH6XFKVWUDWHJ\ZLOOSUHFLSLWDWHWKH
GHYHORSPHQWRIQDWLRQDOHFRQRP\LQIRUPDWL]DWLRQ
An application of electronic auctions together
ZLWKORJLVWLFFRQWUROV\VWHPZLOOGHFUHDVHWKHUHVRXUFH
consuming and the risks of improper contract execu
WLRQDQGZLOOFUHDWHWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLQIUDVWUXFWXUHRI
VXSSO\VHUYLFHVXSSRUW(73ZLOOSURYLGHDXWKHQWLFLW\
of commodities and give information to users.
:RUOG PDUNHW LV DQ HOHPHQW RI EXVLQHVVDF
WLYLW\ JOREDOL]DWLRQ RI VHSDUDWH HQWLWLHV UHJLRQV DQG
FRXQWULHV ZKLFK UHTXLUH ORJLVWLF PDQDJHPHQW LQ DOO
spheres of functioning, from simple businesses to
WKH JOREDO LQGXVWULDO DQG FRPPHUFLDO RUJDQL]DWLRQV
,Q WHUPV RI JOREDOL]DWLRQ WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI ORJLVWLF
PDQDJHPHQWLVLQFUHDVLQJLQPXWXDOFRQQHFWLRQZLWK
marketing.
The information resources forming in order to
SURYLGHWKHORJLVWLFDFWLYLW\LQ8NUDLQLDQHFRQRP\UH
TXLUHVVROYLQJWKHQH[WSULRULW\SUREOHPV
x WRGHWHUPLQHOHJDOVWDWXVWKHIRUDOOW\SHVRI
information, to protect rights for the busi
QHVVVWUXFWXUHVDQGVWDWHIRUUHFHLYLQJDQG
XVLQJLQIRUPDWLRQWRVHWUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRU
WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ UHVRXUFHV ,5 FROOHFWLQJ
DQGLWVSUR¿FLHQWXVLQJ
x an application of economic mechanisms in
order to form and use IR in practice of lo
JLVWLFVFLHQWL¿FDQGWHFKQRORJLFDODFWLYLW\
x IXUWKHULPSURYHPHQWRI¿QDQFLQJWKHJRY
ernment contractual orders on logistic
LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW HFRQRPLF VHFXULW\ RI
8NUDLQHDQGLWVFLWL]HQV¶VDIHW\
x stopping spontaneous formation of infor
mation market, determination of logistic
LQIRUPDWLRQSULFLQJDQGDGRSWLQJWKHODZV
RQWKHLQIRUPDWLRQVHFXULW\
x FUHDWLRQ RI HIIHFWLYH *OREDO 1HWZRUN DQG
FRUSRUDWH LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHPV ZLWK WKH
FRPSOH[RILQIRUPDWLRQVHFXULW\IDFLOLWLHV
'XHWRWKHVHUHDVRQVWKHVWUDWHJ\RIVWUXFWXUDO
DQG LQQRYDWLRQ UHRUJDQL]DWLRQ LQ 8NUDLQH PXVW EH
EDVHG RQ WKH ORJLVWLFV PDQDJHPHQW ZKLFK LV DLPHG
DWVRFLDOPRGL¿FDWLRQ,WLVHVSHFLDOO\LPSRUWDQWLQD
PRGHUQ HQYLURQPHQW RI ZRUOG HFRQRP\ JOREDOL]D
WLRQ&RQWHPSRUDU\H[SDQVLRQRIJOREDOL]DWLRQVFDOHV
FDXVHG WKH GLYHUVLW\ RI QHZ HSRFK LQWHUSUHWDWLRQV
ZKLFKWRWDOO\GLIIHUVIURPDOOSUHYLRXVRQHVLQUHJDUG
WRWKHKLJKOHYHORIZRUOGHFRQRP\LQIRUPDWL]DWLRQ
$QLQÀXHQFHRIHFRQRP\JOREDOL]DWLRQRQ
WKHORJLVWLFSURFHVVRIEXVLQHVVHQWLWLHV
7KHVWXG\RIWHUPVDQGSURFHVVHVRIHFRQRP
LF LQWHJUDWLRQ DQG JOREDOL]DWLRQ DOORZHG WR GH¿QH
main approach to their management, the essence of
ZKLFKFRQVLVWVRIWKHXVHRIWKHSURFHVVDQGV\VWHP
PHFKDQLVPV RI LQÀXHQFLQJ XSRQ WKH XQLW\ RI HFR
nomic, technological, political, telecommunicative,
cultural, ecological, social processes taking place all
RYHUWKHZRUOG7KHSURFHVVDQGV\VWHPDSSURDFKWR
PDQDJLQJHFRQRPLFJOREDOL]DWLRQRQWKHEDVLVRI(,6
HOHFWURQLF LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHPV LV WKH EDFNJURXQG
IRU ORJLVWL]DWLRQ RI JOREDO HFRQRPLF V\VWHP DQG WKH
ZRUOGHFRQRP\LQJHQHUDO'LDOHFWLFDOFRQWUDGLFWLRQV
RIJOREDOL]DWLRQSURFHVVHVOD\WKHSKLORVRSKLFDOEDVLV
RILPSURYHPHQWRIWKHJORERV\VWHPVPDQDJHPHQWRQ
the principles of logistic.
$Q REMHFWLYH FKDUDFWHU RI FRQWUDGLFWLRQV EH
WZHHQ WKH JOREDO V\VWHP DQG LWV VXEV\VWHPV DOORZV
GH¿QLQJ JOREDOL]DWLRQ DV D XQLW\ RI IHDWXUHV RI WKH
VHSDUDWHFRXQWULHVHFRQRP\GHYHORSPHQW'XHWRWKLV
UHDVRQWKHJHQHUDOHVWLPDWHGUHVXOWRIZRUOGJOREDOL
]DWLRQLVEHLQJGHWHUPLQHGE\WKHJOREDOL]DWLRQSURF
esses in different countries.
:RUOG¶VHFRQRP\JOREDOL]DWLRQLVFKDUDFWHUL]HG
E\WKHJURZWKRIWUDQVQDWLRQDOFRUSRUDWLRQV¶HFRQRP
LF H[SDQVLRQ DV WKH\ H[WHQG UHODWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKHLU
EUDQFKHVDOORYHUWKHZRUOG$OLIHF\FOHRIHFRQRP\
JOREDOL]DWLRQLVLQJURZWKVWDJH
7KH DGYDQWDJHV RI ¿QDQFLDO DQG KLJKLQWHOOHF
WXDO ODERU IRUFHV FRQFHQWUDWLRQ DOORZ 71& WR DSSO\
ORJLVWLFDSSURDFKHVWRDOORFDWHSODQWVRUJDQL]DWLRQRI
UDZPDWHULDOSXUFKDVHDQGLQWHJUDWHGSURGXFWVGLVWUL
EXWLRQ7KH\ FDQ JHW SUR¿W IURP GLVSDULW\ LQ ODERXU
SURGXFWLYLW\ PDQSRZHUFRVWVGHPDQGVWUXFWXUHLQ
ÀDWLRQUDWHVLQWKHOHYHOVRISURGXFWLRQDQGFRPPHU
FLDOWHFKQRORJLHVGHYHORSPHQW7KHPRGHUQV\VWHPV
RI SODQQLQJ JLYH D SRVVLELOLW\ WR GHYHORS DQG DSSO\
LQ LQGXVWU\ FRPSHWLWLYH VWUDWHJLHV HIIHFWLYH LQ PDQ\
FRXQWULHV$QLQFUHDVHRIHFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\HI¿FLHQF\
LQVHSDUDWHFRXQWULHVDQGLQWKHZRUOGLVDFKLHYHGGXH
to these advantages. The modern structure of the glo
EDOHFRQRPLFV\VWHPGHPRQVWUDWHVFDXVHHIIHFWUHOD
WLRQ EHWZHHQ LWV GLIIHUHQW SDUWV VXEV\VWHPV EORFNV
DQGHOHPHQWV7KHVWXG\RILQWHJUDWLRQDQGJOREDOL]D
WLRQIRUPVHQDEOHWR¿QGRXWPDLQGLUHFWLRQVRIWKHLU
LQÀXHQFH RQ WKH HFRQRPLF DFWLYLW\ ORJLVWL]DWLRQ ,Q
particular, strengthening these processes in a scope of
WKHZRUOGHFRQRP\SURPRWHVDQDSSOLFDWLRQRIORJLV
WLFDSSURDFKHVLQRUGHUWRIRUPWKHÀRZVRIPDWHULDO
UHVRXUFHV¿QLVKHGSURGXFWVDQGVHUYLFHVRQWKHEDVLV
RIZRUOGSURGXFWLRQDQGFRQVXPSWLRQVWDQGDUGVDQG
on the basis of global marketing development on the
SULQFLSOHVRIORJLVWLFPDQFDXVHGSUREOHPVLQWHUQD
WLRQDOL]DWLRQDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRUGLQDWLRQRIDVVLVW
DQFHWRSRYHUW\VWULFNHQFRXQWULHV
7KH ORJLVWLFV FHQWHUV RI LQÀXHQFH LQ WUDQVQD
WLRQDO FRUSRUDWLRQV DUH PRQLWRULQJ RI VWUDWHJLFDOO\
LPSRUWDQWÀRZVPRYHPHQWWKHÀRZVRI¿QDQFHVUDZ
PDWHULDOVXWLOLW\LQWHJUDWHGSURGXFWV¿QLVKHGSURG
XFWVLQWHOOHFWXDODVVHWDQGH[SHULHQFHGODERXUIRUFH
DVZHOODVFRQWURORYHUROLJRSROLVWLFFRPSHWLWLRQFUH
DWLRQRIWKHWUDQVQDWLRQDOPDFURORJLVWLFV\VWHPVFRQ
FHQWUDWLRQRIDXWKRULW\LQLQWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQV
:RUOG%DQN,0)DQGWUDGHZDUV
The combination of integration processes on
WKHEDVLVRI,7LVDEDVLFWHQGHQF\ZKLFKKDVDQLQÀX
HQFH RQ PRGHUQ HFRQRP\ ORJLVWL]DWLRQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ
technologies promote formation and increase of the
UROHRIVPDOOVFDOHEXVLQHVVDVDGLVSOD\RILQGLYLGXDO
ism and strivings for economic independence.
7KH V\VWHP DSSURDFK WR WKH SUREOHPV RI HFR
QRPLFGHYHORSPHQWLQ8NUDLQHJLYHVDQRSSRUWXQLW\
WR GUDZ D FRQFOXVLRQ DERXW WKH QHFHVVLW\ WR FKDQJH
WKH FRQFHSWLRQ RI HFRQRP\ PDQDJHPHQW DFFRUGLQJ
WR WKH FKDOOHQJHV RI JOREDOL]DWLRQ ZKLFK VKRXOG EH
formed on logistic approach. This demands elabora
WLRQRILQWHJUDWHGORJLVWLFV\VWHPRIFRQWURORYHUWKH
HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\RIDVLQJOHHQWHUSULVHVDQG8NUDLQH
RQWKHZKROH
7KHVXFFHVVRIJOREDOL]DWLRQSURFHVVHVGHSHQGV
RQ WKH HIIHFWLYH PDQDJHPHQW LQ ZKLFK WKH ORJLVWLF
FRQWURO RYHU WKH ÀRZLQJ RI LQYHQWRU\ KROGLQJV OD
ERXU IRUFH FDSLWDO DQG VHUYLFHV SOD\V D PDMRU UROH
:RUOGH[SHULHQFHLQHYROXWLRQRIHFRQRPLFPDQDJH
PHQWFRQ¿UPVDFNQRZOHGJHVWKHQHFHVVLW\RIORJLV
WLFFRQFHSWLRQXVDJHLQDPRGHUQPDQDJHPHQWZKLOH
reaching goals of enterprise on the basis of compro
PLVHVLQEXVLQHVVSURFHVVHVRQPLFURDQGPDFURHFR
nomic levels.
Thus, logistic management is based on the inte
JUDWLRQDQGJOREDOL]DWLRQRIWKHZRUOGHFRQRPLFSURF
HVVHVZKLFKDUHSURYLGHGE\WKHHFRQRP\RILQIRUPD
WLRQRULHQWHGVRFLHW\EXLOWRQWKH,QWHUQHWSULQFLSOHRI
its formation and its usage of electronic commerce
DQGRUJDQL]DWLRQRIPDUNHWLQJVHUYLFH
&RQFOXVLRQV
7KHPRGHUQWHQGHQFLHVRIWUDGHORJLVWL]DWLRQLQ
8NUDLQHDUHFDXVHGE\LQWHUQDOORJLFRIPDUNHW
WUDQVIRUPDWLRQLQFRPELQDWLRQZLWKLQWHJUDWLRQ
DQG JOREDOL]DWLRQ SURFHVVHV ,QWHJUDWLRQ EHLQJ
DUHVXOWRIDFWLYLW\XQL¿FDWLRQZLWKWKHSXUSRVH
WR LQFUHDVH LQWHJUDWHG DFWLYLW\ FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV
IRUPVWKHORJLVWLFÀRZVDQGWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRI
DGPLQLVWUDWLYH VWUXFWXUHV ZKLFK FRQWUROV WKH
processes of goods streams forming and servic
LQJLVDSUHPLVHRIWKHZKROHEXVLQHVVDFWLYLW\
ORJLVWL]DWLRQLQRUGHUWRHQVXUHSUR¿WVIRUEXVL
nessmen, state and consumers.
,QWHJUDWLRQ EHLQJ WKH SUHFRQGLWLRQ RI HFRQR
P\ ORJLVWL]DWLRQ GHYHORSV XQGHU LWV LQÀXHQFH
$V\QHUJHWLFHIIHFWRIÀRZSURFHVVHVZKLFKLV
FRQVLGHUHGWREHDVXPPDUL]HGLQGH[RIORJLVWLF
LQWHJUDWLRQLV¿JXUHGE\WKHPLQLPL]DWLRQRIDJ
JUHJDWHH[SHQGLWXUHVE\WKHEXVLQHVVVWUXFWXUHV
SUR¿W PD[LPL]DWLRQ E\ UDLVLQJ VRFLDO EHQH¿W
(total satisfaction of consumer demand, provid
LQJ RI HFRQRPLF LQGHSHQGHQFH RI FRXQWU\ DQG
VDIHW\RILWVSHRSOHIURPKXQJHUDQGSRYHUW\
7KHOHYHORIVRFLHW\LQIRUPDWL]DWLRQLQÀXHQFHV
DORWRQWKHWUDGHORJLVWL]DWLRQDQGWRVRPHH[
WHQWIRUPVWKHHOHFWURQLFPDUNHW(EXVLQHVVLQ
8NUDLQHDVZHOODVHWUDGHLVVWLOOLQWKHVWDJHRI
formation, in spite of the fact that even the sim
SOHVW IRUP RI HOHFWURQLF FRPPHUFH VRFDOOHG
WUDGH DUHD SURYLGHV IDVW LQWHUDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ
the national and foreign markets contractors.
7UDGH HI¿FLHQF\ RI LQWHUQHWWHFKQRORJLHV GLV
SOD\VLWVHOILQDJURZWKRIVDOHUDWHVWKHVSHHG
of customer demand satisfaction; the reduction
of transaction costs inputs. As a result enterprise
SUR¿WVDQGVRFLDOHIIHFWLQFUHDVH7KHORZOHYHO
RIWUXVWEHWZHHQQDWLRQDOSDUWQHUVLQHOHFWURQLF
EXVLQHVV DYDLODELOLW\ RI FRPPHUFLDO VHFUHW RQ
information about the sale of products brake de
YHORSPHQWRIWKHHWUDGHVRIDU
:RUOGZLGHHYROXWLRQRIJOREDOL]DWLRQSURFHVV
HV LQ HFRQRPLF DFWLYLW\ RI EXVLQHVV VWUXFWXUHV
UHJLRQVDQGFRXQWULHVFDXVHDQHFHVVLW\RISURF
HVVHV ORJLVWL]DWLRQ VWDUWLQJ ZLWK WKH VHSDUDWH
W\SHV RI HQWUHSUHQHXULDO DFWLYLW\ WR WKH JOREDO
industrial and trade unions. Economic integra
WLRQDQGJOREDOL]DWLRQDVDEDVLVRIPLFURDQG
PDFURHFRQRPLFV\VWHPVORJLVWL]DWLRQSURPRWHV
WKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQRISURGXFWLRQDQGFRQ
VXPSWLRQVWDQGDUGVPDQFDXVHGSUREOHPVLQ
WHUQDWLRQDOFRRUGLQDWLRQLQUHOLHIDFWLRQWRWKH
SRYHUW\VWULFNHQ SHRSOH DQG FRXQWULHV 7KXV
ORJLVWL]DWLRQLVEDVHGRQWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIGDWD
ÀRZSURFHVVHVDQGHFRQRPLFSDWWHUQVRIGLIIHU
ent hierarchies.
5HIHUHQFHV
ɋɟɦɟɧɟɧɤɨ Ⱥɂ ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ
ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɤɚɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɉɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ
ɋɬɪɟɥɟɰ ɂȺ ɇɨɜɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɆɨɫɤɜɚɗɤɡɚɦɟɧ
Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ Ʌȼ Ʌɨɝɿɫɬɢɱɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ
ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ
Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ Ⱦɨɧɟɰɶɤ ȾɨɧɇɍȿɌ ɿɦ Ɇ Ɍɭɝɚɧ
Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ
Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ Ʌȼ Ɏɨɪɦɢ ɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ
ɥɨɝɿɫɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ȼɿɫɧɢɤ Ⱦɨɧ
ɇɍȿɌ³ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿɧɚɭɤɢ´1RS±
0DVXGD<Computoria. The Information Technology
Revolution. 2[IRUG%ODFNZHOO
ɇɚɝɥɨɜɫɤɢɣɋɇɅɨɝɢɫɬɢɤɚɆɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ
ɊɨɫɬɨɜɧɚȾɨɧɭɊȽɗȺ
/)URORYD..RYDO\RYD
%HQGURVLRVãLXRODLNLQơVHNRQRPLNRVFKDUDNWHULVWLNRV
Santrauka
6WUDLSVQ\MH SDWHLNLDPD GHWDOL ãLXRODLNLQLǐ LQWH
JUDFLMRVWHQGHQFLMǐDQDOL]ơORJLVWL]DFLMRVSURFHVǐDQNVþLDX
W\ULQơWǐ GDUEH Ä5LQNRV WUDQVIRUPDFLMRV ORJLND UHPLDQWLV
JOREDOL]DFLMD LU ,7³ NRQWHNVWH 6XWHONGDPL GơPHVƳ Ƴ OR
JLVWLNRV LQIUDVWUXNWnjURV NnjULPą HYHUVOR LU HNRPHUFLMRV
DSLEnjGLQLPąDXWRULDLW\ULQơMDHNRQRPLNRVJOREDOL]DFLMąLU
VWLSUǐMRVSRYHLNƳORJLVWLNRVSURFHVDPVYHUVORVWUXNWnjURVH
*OREDOL]DFLMRV SUREOHPRV WLUWRV WLHN HNRQRPLNRV WHRULMRV
WLHNQDFLRQDOLQơVHNRQRPLNRVORJLVWL]DFLMRVSRåLnjULDLV
3DJULQGLQLDLåRGåLDLORJLVWL]DFLMDLQWHJUDFLMDLQ
IRUPDWL]DFLMDƳLQIRUPDFLMąRULHQWXRWDYLVXRPHQơHYHUV
ODVJOREDOL]DFLMD
Download