ISSN 1648-9098 Ekonomika ir vadyba: aktualijos ir perspektyvos. 2007. 2 (9). 68–75 7+(*(1(5$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&62)02'(51(&2120< /DULVD)URORYD.DWHULQD.RYDO\RYD Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade, Ukraine ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KHWKHRU\RIORJLVWLFVDFTXLUHVVSHFLDOVLJQL¿ FDQFHLQWHUPVRIWKHPDUNHWHFRQRP\WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ WKH LQIRUPDWLRQRULHQWHG VRFLHW\ IRUPDWLRQ LQWHJUD WLRQ DQG JOREDOL]DWLRQ SURFHVVHV HYROXWLRQ$ GHYHO RSPHQWOHYHORIWKHORJLVWLFVWKHRU\LVGHWHUPLQHGE\ WKH FRPSUHKHQVLRQ RI SUHVHQWGD\ FRQFHSWXDO DSSD UDWXVDQGWKHHODERUDWLRQRIUHFHQWVFLHQWL¿FDEVWUDF WLRQVDVIRUWKHV\VWHPRIORJLVWLFNQRZOHGJHIRUPLQJ in actual practice of the integration processes onrush DQGVRFLHW\LQIRUPDWL]DWLRQ $V ORJLVWLF IXQFWLRQV ZLWKLQ PDUNHW HFRQRP\ DUH UHDOL]HG DV XQLW\ RI LQGHSHQGHQW HQWLWLHV RI WKH HQWUHSUHQHXULDODFWLYLW\WKHIRUPDWLRQRIJRRGVÀRZV ZKLFKGLIIHULQYROXPHVGLUHFWLRQVDQGSHULRGLFLW\LV SURYLGHGE\WKHHFRQRPLFWLHVEHWZHHQWKHVHSDUDWH market entities. Logistic approach to the cooperation establishment is the basis of forming collaboration ERWKDWWKHHQWHUSULVHVDQGLQHYHU\OLQNRIJRRGVÀRZ chain from a producer to a user, as it has an advantage RYHUWUDGLWLRQDORQHV7KDWLVZK\WKHUHLVDQHFHVVLW\ LQDJURXQGLQJRIORJLVWLFPHWKRGRORJ\RIHVWDEOLVK LQJ FROODERUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ VHSDUDWH HQWHUSULVHV DQG GHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWHUPVRIDFKLHYLQJHI¿FLHQF\ERWKLQ public production and consumption. The aim of article: the grounding of common FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHPRGHUQHFRQRP\ZKLFKDUHRE served as the preconditions of logistic approach ap plication in order to control the process of goods and VHUYLFHVÀRZVIRUPDWLRQ 5HVHDUFKREMHFWLYHVGHYHORSPHQWRIQHZPDQ DJHPHQWPHWKRGVSUR¿FLHQWDQDO\VLVRIWKHHFRQRP\ ORJLVWL]DWLRQREMHFWLYHSUHFRQGLWLRQVDQLQYHVWLJDWLRQ of the logistic management essence, functions and VSKHUHV VFLHQWL¿F VHDUFK RI WKH PRVW HI¿FLHQW PDQ DJHPHQWDQGRUJDQL]DWLRQDOPHWKRGVRIWKHHFRQRP\ UHJXODWLRQ LQ WHUPV RI ZRUOG HFRQRP\ JOREDOL]DWLRQ processes and information technologies development. Research methods: a method of logical ab VWUDFWLRQ D PHWKRG RI KLVWRULFDO DVSHFWV V\VWHP DQG VWUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVWKHPHWKRGVRIDQDO\VLVDQGFRP SDUDWLYHDQDO\VLV ,QWHJUDWLRQDVDFRQVHTXHQFHRIHFRQRP\ ORJLVWL]DWLRQ 3UREDELOLW\ RI VXFFHVV RI WKH HFRQRPLF WUDQV formations on the basis of logistic approach to en WUHSUHQHXULDO DFWLYLW\ RUJDQL]DWLRQ LH HFRQRP\ ORJLVWL]DWLRQ LQFUHDVHV XQGHU WKH FRQGLWLRQV ZKHQ such transformations meet the requirements of pro gressive economic processes. Integration is a natural reaction of market to the excessive chaotic character RIUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQIXQFWLRQLQJHQWLWLHV,QWHJUDWLRQ processes open additional reserves for increasing ef ¿FLHQF\ ZKLOH WUDQVLWLQJ WR WKH LQQRYDWLRQ PRGHO RI HFRQRP\ GHYHORSPHQW WDNLQJ URRW LQWR WKH HQWHU prises economic mechanisms. Enterprises of one in GXVWULDO EUDQFK HQWHUSULVHVFRPSHWLWRUV KDYH PRUH possibilities of integration. Scientists notice that the market transforma WLRQLQSRVWVRYLHWFRXQWULHVLQWHQVL¿HGDQLQWHJUDWLRQ RIRUJDQL]DWLRQDOWHFKQRORJLFDOHFRQRPLFDQGLQIRU PDWLRQDOSURFHVVHVLQFRPSDULVRQWRWKRVHZKLFKWRRN SODFHLQthLQZHVWHUQGHYHORSHGFDSLWDOLVWFRXQWULHV >SS@7KHUHOHYDQF\DQGWRSLFDOLW\RI using logistics approach to the management of integra WLRQSURFHVVHVLQWKHHFRQRP\RIHYHU\HQWLW\RIHQWUH SUHQHXULDODFWLYLW\WDNHVVSHFLDOVLJQL¿FDQFHLQDFWXDO FRQGLWLRQVRIIUHHPDUNHWHFRQRP\$OOWKRVHVXEGLYL VLRQVVXEXQLWVZKLFKWDNHSDUWLQEDUWHUWUDQVDFWLRQV HJVXSSO\VDOHDQGWUDQVSRUWVHUYLFHVRIHQWHUSULVHV associations, economical associations, concerns, inter regional and regional intermediate and trade business structures perform integration functions. $Q HI¿FLHQW RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI ORJLVWLF ÀRZV UH TXLUHVQRWRQO\PDUNHWPHFKDQLVPVRIORJLVWLFSURF HVVHVUHJXODWLRQEXWDOVRVWDWHRQHVZKLFKDUHEDVHG RQ EXVLQHVV OHJLVODWLRQ SROLF\ DQG VWUDWHJ\ ZKLFK SURYLGHV DQ HFRQRPLFLQGHSHQGHQFHIRU WKH FRXQWU\ DQG VDIHW\ IRU LWV SHRSOH IURP KXQJHU DQG SRYHUW\ The indicative planning of material and energetic UHVRXUFHVÀRZVWDNHVDQLPSRUWDQWSODFHLQWKHV\V tem of these mechanisms. State mechanism for the 8NUDLQLDQHFRQRP\UHJXODWLRQLVDLPHGDWFUHDWLRQRI WKHVRFLDOO\RULHQWHGPDUNHWHFRQRP\ZKLFKZLOOEH LQWHJUDWHGLQZRUOGHFRQRPLFVSDFH 7KH RSHQQHVV RI VRFLHW\ IRU WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRRSHUDWLRQ UHTXLUHV VXFK RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI EXVLQHVV DFWLYLW\ZKLFKFDQPHHWWKHZRUOGUHTXLUHPHQWVDQG SURYLGH FRPSHWLWLYH FDSDFLW\ 'XH WR WKLV UHDVRQ PDUNHWLQJ PDQDJHPHQW WDNHV WKH ¿UVW SODFH ZLWKLQ all mechanisms of the logistic processes forming at the enterprises. Marketing management is aimed at SURYLGLQJ FRPSHWLWLYH DGYDQWDJHV QRW RQO\ IRU WKH GH¿QLWH JRRGV EXW DOVR IRU WKH ZKROH HQWHUSULVHV E\ means of management orientation to achieving all (XURSHDQDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOFHUWL¿FDWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWV of all processes and logistic chain links. Therefore, UHJXODWLYHUROHRIWKHVWDWHLVDVVXPHGWREHRQO\DQ LQÀXHQFHRQORJLVWLFSURFHVVHVLQWHJUDWLRQ The modern integration trends in Ukrainian HFRQRP\ DUH FRQGLWLRQHG E\ WKH LQWHUQDO ORJLFV RI PDUNHW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ LQ FRPELQDWLRQ ZLWK JOREDOL ]DWLRQ SURFHVVHV LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO HFRQRPLF UHODWLRQV DQG WKH\ DUH SURYLGHG E\ WKH OHYHO RI LQIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJLHV GHYHORSPHQW 61DJORYVNL\ KDYLQJ VXFFHVVIXOO\ SURYHG WKH QHFHVVLW\ RI LQWHJUDWHG V\V WHPVFUHDWLRQPHQWLRQHGWKDWWKH\SURYLGHOHYHOOLQJ RII DQWDJRQLVPV VROYLQJ SUREOHPV ZKLFK FDQQRW EH VROYHGZLWKRXWDVVLVWDQFHDQGDFKLHYLQJQHZHIIHFWV IURPWKDWLQWHJUDWLRQ>S±@ ,QWHJUDWLRQ SURFHVVHV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK HFR QRPLFVORJLVWL]DWLRQHYROYHIURPDFRQVROLGDWLRQRI different enterprises or their departments in order to LQFUHDVH HI¿FLHQF\ RI UHVRXUFHV XWLOL]DWLRQ DQG LQWH grated products consumption both at the account of HI¿FLHQWWLPHPDQDJHPHQWDQGGHFUHDVLQJPDQXIDF WXUHVXSSO\DQGFRQVXPSWLRQFRVWVRQWKHEDVLVRIUD tional interrelation of logistic operations in integrated V\VWHPV *HQHUDOFRPSOLDQFHRIWKHVWUDWHJ\RIWKHLQ WHJUDWHG DJHQWV RI PDQDJHPHQW DFWLYLW\ LV EDVHG RQ GHYHORSPHQW DQG RUJDQL]DWLRQDO GHFLVLRQPDNLQJ DV IRUWKHVWUXFWXUHDQGFRQ¿JXUDWLRQRIWKHÀRZSURF HVVHVZKLFKDUHFRPPRQIRUORJLVWLFDOOLDQFHDVZHOO DVIRUWKHXQLRQRIHQWHUSULVHV6XFKÀRZVSURFHVVHV are based on the rational use of resource potential of HYHU\HQWLW\RILQWHJUDWLRQ 7KH DQDO\VLV RI LQWHJUDWLRQ SURFHVVHV GHYHO RSPHQWLQWKHHFRQRP\RIHQWHUSULVHVUHYHDOVWKHQH[W ORJLVWLFLQWHJUDWLRQFRPSRQHQWV>S@ x DOO HQWHUSULVH IXQFWLRQV ZKLFK DUH FRQ QHFWHGWRVHUYLFLQJORJLVWLFÀRZVJRRGV ¿QDQFLDOLQIRUPDWLRQDOVHUYLFHDQGHQ trepreneurship potential that provides for performing of all those functions; x separate stages or processes of logistic ÀRZVRIGLIIHUHQWEXVLQHVVVWUXFWXUHVHJ WUDQVSRUWLQJ ZKLFK FRYHUV WKH RUJDQL ]DWLRQ RI VRPH VWDQGDUG JRRG VHUYLFH FLUFXODWLRQ DQG WKH ZDUHKRXVLQJ ZKLFK FDXVHWKHWHPSRUDU\KDOWRIGH¿QLWHSURG XFWVWUDQVIHU x WKHXQLW\RIÀRZVZKLFKUXQWKURXJKWKH strategic unions and logistic alliances. An idea of formation the logistic associations LQWHUPVRIHQWUHSUHQHXULDODFWLYLW\LVPRVWIUHTXHQWO\ FRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHQHFHVVLW\RIDSSOLFDWLRQRIORJLV WLF SULQFLSOHV ZKLOH YDOLGDWLQJ LQ VWUDWHJLF GHFLVLRQV PDWFKLQJEHWZHHQWKHPDUNHWHQWLWLHV 7KHYDULHW\RIREMHFWLYHVWKDWHDFKÀRZSURFHVV IDFHVFDXVHVDZLGHYDULHW\RIWKHORJLVWLFLQWHJUDWLRQ IRUPVDPRQJZKLFKZHFDQGLVWLQJXLVKIRXUOHYHOV PLFURPHWDPHVRDQGPHJDOHYHO7KHPLFUROHYHO RILQWHJUDWLRQPHDQVWKHFRPELQLQJRIÀRZSURFHVVHV EHWZHHQ WKH IXQFWLRQDO SDUWV GHSDUWPHQWV ZLWKLQ VHSDUDWHEXVLQHVVVWUXFWXUHDLPHGDWWKHDGMXVWLQJWKH PLFURORJLVFWLF ÀRZ WR EH HIIHFWLYH E\ YROXPH WLPH DQGVSDFH7KHKRPRJHQHLW\RIORJLVWLFSURFHVVHVRQ PHWDPHVRDQGPHJDOHYHOVRIHFRQRP\JLYHXVSRV VLELOLW\ WR FRQVLGHU WKHP DV D PDFURHFRQRPLF SURF esses, their integration consisting of uniting either separate processes, or all functions of independent en WHUSULVHVZLWKWKHSXUSRVHRILQFUHDVLQJDQHI¿FLHQF\ RI ORJLVWLF DFWLYLW\ ERWK ZLWKLQ WKH FRXQWU\ UHJLRQ DQGRXWVLGHLWVERUGHUV>S±@ 7KH VWXG\LQJ RI PLFURLQWHJUDWLRQ SURFHVVHV ZKLFK SURYHG WKDW WZR IRUPV RI RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI DF WLYLW\FRH[LVWDWWKHHQWHUSULVHVLVZRUWK\RIVSHFLDO DWWHQWLRQ7KH¿UVWRQHEHLQJIXQGDPHQWDOFRYHUVGLI IHUHQWLDWLRQ DW WKH KHDUW RI ZKLFK WKH KRUL]RQWDO GL YLVLRQ RI ODERXU DQG RUJDQL]DWLRQDOO\ DGPLQLVWUDWLYH assigning of separate functions including logistic to corresponding departments are located. Second form LVEDVHGRQWKHLQWHJUDWLRQZKLFKLVFDXVHGE\WKHQH FHVVLW\RIFRQFRUGDQFHRIDOOGHSDUWPHQWV¶IXQFWLRQV and creation of the common chain of logistic proc esses aimed at effective a use of enterprise resources. ,QWHJUDWLRQLQWKHPLFURORJLVWLFV\VWHPLQWHJUDWLRQLV EDVHGRQWKHSXUSRVHIXOFRRUGLQDWLRQRILWVVHSDUDWH elements. The level of microintegration can be regard HG DV D FRPSOHWH RQH LI WKH FRRUGLQDWLRQ RI HQWHU SULVHVSDUWVDFWLYLW\LVSXUSRVHIXODQGLQFRPSOHWH±LI RQO\VRPHGHSDUWPHQWVFRRSHUDWHSXUSRVHIXOO\ Among the forms of micrologistic integration in a sphere of trade technological and functional func WLRQVDUHZRUWKWREHPHQWLRQHG7KH\SURYLGHFRP bination of the operations of all enterprise structural VXEGLYLVLRQV LQ WKH SURFHVV RI JRRGV ÀRZV IRUPLQJ DQGXQLW\RILQYHQWRU\ÀRZZLWKWKHÀRZRI¿QDQFHV LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG VHUYLFHV 7KH V\QWKHVLV RI WHFKQR logical and functional forms of integration promotes complex integration of logistic streams. $Q LQWHJUDWLRQ RI HQWHUSULVHV ORJLVWLF DFWLYLW\ can be divided into three forms. 7KH ¿UVW RQH LV IXQFWLRQDO LQWHJUDWLRQ LW GHDOV ZLWK SURYLGLQJ FRQFRUGDQFH RI RQH IXQFWLRQ HQWHU prises or group of homogeneous logistic functions ZLWKRXWIRUPDWLRQRIJHQHUDOVXEVHFWLRQVRUFRUSRUDWH merger. In trade such integration embraces above all a purchase, transportation, storing and production dis tribution. 7KH VHFRQG RQH LV DQ RUJDQL]DWLRQDO LQWHJUD WLRQ ,W FRYHUV WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQDOO\ IXQFWLRQDO OHYHO RI ORJLVWLF DFWLYLW\ RI VHSDUDWH HQWHUSULVHV ,Q WUDGH LWLVWKHPHUJHURIZDUHKRXVLQJWUDQVSRUWDWLRQPDQ DJHPHQWDQGRWKHUVXEVHFWLRQVZLWKWKHLUIXQFWLRQV 1DWXUDOO\WKLVW\SHRILQWHJUDWLRQLVEURDGHUDVLWLQ cludes functional integration and the integration of enterprises units. The third form of integration covers creation RIMRLQWYHQWXUHE\XQLWLQJDOOIXQFWLRQVDQGRUJDQL ]DWLRQDOVWUXFWXUHVRIHQWHUSULVHVZKLFKDUHEHLQJLQ tegrated. &RQVLGHUHG IRUPV RI LQWHJUDWLRQ UHÀHFW DQ LQ WHQVL¿FDWLRQ RI LQWHJUDWLRQ SURFHVVHV VWDUWLQJ IURP the separate logistic functions combination up to the FUHDWLRQRIJHQHUDOEXVLQHVVVWUXFWXUHV7KH\FDQEH GLYLGHGLQWRVKRUWWHUPRUORQJWHUPE\WKHSHULRGRI YDOLGLW\ DQG LQWR YHUWLFDO KRUL]RQWDO DQG FRQJORP HUDWHG E\ WKH GLUHFWLRQV RI XQLWLQJ DFWLYLW\ *HQHUDO IHDWXUHRIHQWHUSULVHVDFWLYLW\LQWHJUDWLRQIRUPVLVSUH VHQWHGLQWKHPRQRJUDSKRIDXWKRU>S@ +RZHYHUWKHIRUPVRIORJLVWLFSURFHVVHVLQWH JUDWLRQKDYHVSHFL¿FIHDWXUHVLQDWUDGHDFWLYLW\DQG WKH\PXVWEHWDNHQLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQZKLOHFUHDWLQJ WKHPDQDJHPHQWVWUXFWXUHVZKLFKZLOOFRQWUROORJLVWLF ÀRZV RI HQWHUSULVHV DQG RSWLPL]H D EXVLQHVVDFWLY LW\RILQWHJUDWHGHQWHUSULVHVRQWKHEDVLVRISURYLGLQJ concordance of logistic processes in a logistic chain SURGXFWLRQ RI UDZ PDWHULDO FRQVXPSWLRQ RI WKH JRRGVDQGVHUYLFHV7KHJHQHUDOVWUXFWXUHRIORJLVWLF management of integrated enterprises must provide DQDQDO\VLVDQGSODQQLQJRIORJLVWLFDFWLYLW\DQGDOVR control the performing of determined tasks in order RIWKHLUWLPHO\FRUUHFWLRQLQWHUPVRIWKHUHDOVLWXDWLRQ DW WKH UHFRXUVHV UHDG\PDGH SURGXFWV DQG VHUYLFHV markets. In order to keep a legal independence of in tegration participants in trade, it is rational to create ORJLVWLFVHUYLFHVZKLFKSURYLGHWKHFRQWURORIJRRGV ÀRZVIRUWKHZKROHVDOHUVDVWKH\ZLOOEHDEOHWRIXQF WLRQ PXFK PRUH HIIHFWLYHO\LQ D VSKHUH RI RUJDQL]D WLRQ SODQQLQJ DQDO\VLV SXUFKDVH FRQWURO WUDQVSRUW LQJ DQG VWRUDJH RI FRPPRGLWLHV ZKLFK DUH XVHG WR VDWLVI\WKHGHPDQGRIUHWDLOPDUNHW6XFKDGPLQLVWUD WLYHVWUXFWXUHVLQWKHV\VWHPRI8NUDLQLDQWUDGHEHLQJ H[SHULHQFHGLQWKHFRPPDQGPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPRI UHVRXUFHVDOORFDWLRQDQGVXSSO\RIFRPPRGLWLHVZLOO EH DEOH WR IRUP WKH ÀRZV RI JRRGV LQ D VSDWLRWHP poral sequence in accordance to meeting the require ments of markets. Enterprises that train specialists, make efforts WR RSWLPL]H WKH ORJLVWLF SURFHVVHV GHYHORS SURMHFWV and give recommendations about the integrated lo JLVWLFVV\VWHPVDQGFKDLQVIRUPDWLRQRQDOOHFRQRPLF stages take an advantage in the process of common logistic services creation. 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