STUDENTS' GUIDE TO WORKS CONSULTED: Table of Contents
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KEY & HELPFUL HINTS
pg. WC2
REFERENCE ARTICLE (Print and Web)
• in a one-volume reference book (Print)
• in a multi-volume reference book (Print)
• in a general encyclopedia (Print)
• in an online reference source (Web)
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BOOK (Print and Web)
• one author (Print)
• one editor (Print)
• two authors/editors (Print)
• three+ authors/editors (Print)
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•
•
e-book (Web)
work in a collection (Print)
o by same author
o by different authors
PERIODICAL ARTICLE (Print and Web)
• in a magazine (Print)
• in a journal (Print)
• in an online magazine or journal (Web)
• in a newspaper (Print)
• in an online newspaper (Web)
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WEB SITE OR E-MAIL
• article on a Web site
• an entire Web site
• e-mail
pg. WC5
PRIMARY SOURCE
• lecture, speech, reading, address
• personal interview
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MULTIMEDIA
• music
• images, maps, photographs
• video
• TV or radio broadcast
pg. WC6
FORMATTING YOUR WORKS CONSULTED PAGE
pg. WC7
NOTECARD FORMAT & PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS
pg. WC8
SAMPLE PAGE IN A RESEARCH PAPER
pg. WC9
TIPS FOR SLIDE SHOW DESIGN
pg. WC10
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REFERENCE ARTICLE
•
title: article
in a one-volume reference book (Print)
title: book
Gunter, Michael M. “Middle East: The Kurds Struggle for Kurdistan.” Encyclopedia of Modern Ethnic
Conflicts. Ed. Joseph R. Rudolph, Jr. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2003. Print.
editor: book
author: article
•
publisher
pub city
in a multi-volume reference book (Print)
title: article
date
medium
title: book
Schwarz, Angela. “Photography.” Encyclopedia of the American Civil War. Ed. David S. Heidler.
Vol. 3. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 2000. Print.
author:
article
•
volume
pub city
publisher
editor: book
medium
date
in a general encyclopedia (Print)
World Book is a general encyclopedia.
Hood, Leroy. "Gene Mapping." World Book Encyclopedia. 2004 ed. Print.
author: article
•
title: article
title: book
in an online reference source (Web)
medium
date
title: article
Web = on a web site or in a database
Carson, James. "America Before Columbus.” American Eras. Vol 1. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 1998.
History Resource Center. Web. 20 May 2009.
title:
database or
Web site
medium
access date
title: book
volume
pub city
publisher
date
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BOOK
•
book with one author (Print)
Peters, Julie Anne. Luna. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2004. Print.
•
pub city
title
author
publisher
date
medium
book with one editor (Print)
Luhr, James F., ed. Earth. New York: Dorling, 2003. Print.
editor
•
title
pub city
publisher
date
book with two authors/editors (Print)
medium
authors’ names in order they appear on title pg.
Wells, Sue, and Nick Hanna. The Greenpeace Book of Coral Reefs. New York: Sterling, 1992. Print.
title
authors
•
pub city
publisher
medium
date
book with three+ authors/editors (Print)
Mason, Lorna, et al. America’s Past and Promise. Boston: McDougal, 1995. Print.
title
authors
•
pub city
publisher
date
medium
e-book (Web)
Austen, Jane. Sense and Sensibility. 1811. Project Gutenberg. Web. 27 Apr. 2007.
author
•
title: book
pub date
title: site
work in a collection (Print)
medium
access date
work = essay, short story, poem, etc.
entire collection by same author:
Singer, Isaac Bashevis. “Three Encounters.” The Collected Stories of Isaac Bashevis Singer. New York:
Farrar, 1982. 473-484. Print.
author: work
publisher
dat
e
pages
medium
title: work
title: book
pub city
collection of works by different authors:
Lisca, Peter. "The Grapes of Wrath." Steinbeck: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Robert Murray Davis.
Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1972. 73-101. Print.
author: work
pub city
publisher
date
pages
medium
editor
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PERIODICAL ARTICLE (Magazines, Journals, Newspapers)
•
in a magazine (Print)
Gibbs, Nancy, and Michael Sherer. "Michelle Up Close." Time 1 June 2009: 26-33. Print.
author: article
•
title: magazine
title: article
date
in a journal (Print)
medium
pages
if no page numbers, use n.p.
Ward-Crixell, Kit. “Games Have Stories to Tell.” School Library Journal 55.6 (2009): 28-29. Print.
author: article
•
title: article
title: journal
volume # / issue #
in an online magazine or journal (Web)
date
pages
medium
use date for magazines &
volume/issue # and date for journals
title: article
Green, C.S., and D. Bravelier. “Exercising Your Brain.” Psychology and Aging 23.4 (2008): 692-701. PsycArticles.
Web. 15 June 2009.
author: article
•
medium
title: journal
access date
volume # / issue #
date
pages
title:
database
or
Web site
in a newspaper (Print)
Thomas, Katie. “A City Team’s Struggle Shows Disparity in Girls’ Sports.” New York Times
14 June 2009, late ed.: A1+. Print.
author: article
•
date
edition
pages
medium
in an online newspaper (Web)
title: article
title: newspaper
Web = on a Web site or in a database
Villano, Matt. “A Return to the Land, for Fuel.” New York Times 19 May 2007. NYTimes.com. Web.
29 May 2008.
author: article
access date
title: article
title: newspaper
date
title:
database
or
Web site
medium
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WEB SITE OR E-MAIL
article on a Web site
•
if no publisher, use N.p.
/ if no date, use n.d.
“Billie Holiday.” Biography.com. A&E Television, 2008. Web. 14 June 2009.
title: article
•
title: web site
publisher
date
medium
access date
an entire Web site
UN.org. United Nations, 2009. Web. 12 Mar. 2009.
title: web site
•
publisher
site date
medium
access date
e-mail
Rell, Governor M. Jodi. "Connecticut's Environmental Concerns." Message to Terry Craig. 13 Sept. 2005. E-mail.
sender
subject
recipient
date sent
medium
PRIMARY SOURCE
*If citing a primary source published in a book, on a Web site or in a database,
simply follow the guidelines for an article in a book, on a Web site or in a database.
•
lecture, speech, reading, address
Stewart, Jon. “College is Something You Complete: Life is Something You Experience.”
The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg. 16 May 2004. Address.
speaker
•
sponsoring organization
location
date
medium
title
personal interview (conducted by researcher)
Dodd, Christopher. Personal interview. 9 Sept. 2008.
interviewee
type of interview
date
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MULTIMEDIA
•
music
Simon, Paul. Rhythm of the Saints. Warner Bros., 1990. MP3.
artist
•
title: song
producer
date
medium
images, maps, photographs (Web)
access date
“Campus Map.” Map. Scu.edu. Santa Clara University, 31 May 2007. Web. 10 June 2009.
title
•
Image
type
date
publisher
title: web site
medium
video
•
motion picture (DVD, VHS)
Hotel Rwanda. Dir. Oliver Stone. MGM, 2005. Film.
title
•
director
medium
date
distributor
streaming video (Web)
AIHE History Education. “The Life and Accomplishments of the Famed Marco Polo.” TeacherTube.com.
TeacherTube, 17 Feb. 2008. Web. 11 June 2009.
author
•
publisher
TV or radio broadcast
date
medium
narrator
access date
program
title
title: web site
director
"Frederick Douglass." Narr. Danny Glover. Civil War Journal. Dir. Craig Haffner.
A&E Network. 6 Apr. 1993. Television.
title
network
date aired
medium
___________________________________________________________
•
Film or Film Clip from a website like Youtube
Rear Window. Screenplay by John Michael Hayes. Dir. Alfred Hitchcock. Perf. James Stewart
and Grace Kelly. Paramount Pictures, 1954. YouTube. Web. 24 March 2008.
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•
SAMPLE WORKS CONSULTED PAGE
Works Consulted
Barnouw, Erik. A History of Broadcasting in the United States: The Golden Web. New York:
Oxford, 1968. Print.
---. Tube of Plenty: the Evolution of American Television. New York: Oxford, 1975. Print.
“David Sarnoff: 1891-1971.” Discovering U.S. History. 2007. History Resource Center. Web.
15 May 2007.
"David Sarnoff of R.C.A. is Dead; Visionary Broadcast Pioneer." New York Times 13 Dec. 1971,
late ed.: A1+. Print.
“David Sarnoff: Timeline.” David Sarnoff Library. 2007. David Sarnoff Collection. Web. 29 May 2007.
Dreher, Carl. Sarnoff: An American Success. New York: Quadrangle, 1977. Print.
Gordon, John Steele. “The Antitrust Monster.” American Heritage. June 1998. Americanheritage.com.
Web. 30 May 2007.
Lewis, Tom. Empire of the Air: the Men Who Made Radio. New York: Harper Collins, 1991. Print.
“Television.”Encyclopedia Americana. 2006 ed. Print.
FORMATTING YOUR WORKS CONSULTED
LOCATION: Put the list of works consulted on a separate page at the end of the paper.
ORDER: Arrange the sources alphabetically by the author's last name, or, if there is no author, by the first
main word of the title, disregarding "a," "an" and "the."
MARGINS: Set one inch at the top and sides. (Most word processing programs default to a one-inch margin.)
Begin each citation at the left margin and tab once to indent all additional lines.
SPACING: Double-space after the heading Works Consulted and start the first citation. Double-space
between citations. Single-space individual citations.
HYPHENS: Use three hyphens when citing additional sources by the same author.
PAGE SETUP FOR A RESEARCH PAPER
MARGINS: Use one-inch margins all around.
SPACING: Double-space your paper. Single space long quotations (quotations of four lines or more).
TABS: Tab once from the left margin to indent paragraphs; tab twice to indent long quotations (four lines or
more).
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PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS
PARENTHETICAL CITATION = When you use another person’s words, ideas or
facts in your paper, you must immediately give the exact source of the information.
Parenthetical Citations serve as guides for your reader to find the full citation in your Works Consulted.
WHEN?
• DIRECT QUOTE: quote an author's exact words.
• INDIRECT QUOTE: refer to an author’s unique opinion or idea and have rewritten it in your own words.
This is a judgment call. If the idea is common knowledge, no citation is necessary.
• STATISTICS, ILLUSTRATIONS, CHARTS, GRAPHS OR MAPS
HOW?
• The rule is: (author’s last name page number), but there are many exceptions (see below).
• Parentheses come before the period at the end of the sentence.
EXAMPLES FROM THE SAMPLE PAGE IN A RESEARCH PAPER (on pg. WC9):
PRINT SOURCES:
• PRINT SOURCE, AUTHOR: Use the author’s last name, page number: (Dreher 146).
• PRINT SOURCE, NO AUTHOR: Use a shortened form of the title and the page number: ("Television” 431).
• AUTHOR USED IN SENTENCE: When you use the author's name in a sentence of your paper, you need
only put the page number in parentheses after the quote or idea: (42).
ONLINE SOURCES:
• ONLINE SOURCE, AUTHOR: Use the author's last name, no page number: (Gordon).
• ONLINE SOURCE, NO AUTHOR: If there is no author, the title or a shortened version of the title should be
used in quotation marks or underlined as appropriate: (“David Sarnoff: 1891-1971”).
• TWO OR MORE SOURCES BY SAME AUTHOR: indicate which one you used by including part of the title
with the author's name: (Barnow A History of Broadcasting 37) or (Barnow Tube of Plenty 86).
NOTECARD FORMAT
•
•
•
There are two types of research notecards: Works Consulted Cards and Notes Cards.
All research cards should be on 3” x 5” lined cards.
Works Consulted Card Format:
•
Notes Card Format:
1)
2)
1)
2)
3)
Label the upper right hand corner with a letter. Each new source is assigned the next letter in the alphabet.
Write down the proper citation for your resource according to the Students’ Guide to Works Consulted.
In the upper right hand corner write the letter of the source from which you’re taking notes followed by the page
number where you found the information.
Write a topic or keyword in the upper left hand corner.
Record your notes, in bullet points, not full sentences.
Works Consulted Card Example:
Notes Card Example:
A
Lewis, Tom. Empire of the Air: the Men
Who Made Radio. New York:
Harper Collins,1991.Print.
Technology Advancements
A p. 275
-Sarnoff : “Television in the home is now
technically feasible.”
-Worked with Armstrong and other inventors
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SAMPLE PAGE IN A RESEARCH PAPER
David Sarnoff was born in Russia and immigrated to New York City in 1900. After taking a job selling
newspapers and working as a messenger boy to help his family, Sarnoff found a position as a telegrapher with
American Marconi. Sarnoff rose through the ranks at American Marconi, which was soon purchased by RCA. In
1926, Sarnoff founded the National Broadcasting Company and was responsible for shifting the company’s
emphasis from transoceanic communication to commercial radio broadcasting (“David Sarnoff: 1891-1971”). As
part of RCA, NBC became the first permanent broadcasting network.
online source with no author
Sarnoff dreamed of television's broadcasting possibilities. He worked with and supported scientists and
inventors like Edwin Howard Armstrong to work toward this goal. According to Lewis, in 1938, Sarnoff stated,
“Television in the home is now technically feasible” (275).
author used in sentence
In 1939 Franklin Roosevelt would became the first President to appear on television to open the New
York World’s Fair. On April 20, 1939, during the dedication ceremonies at the World's Fair in New York City, at
which time President Roosevelt made his famous appearance, Sarnoff himself appeared in this first public
television broadcast. His first words were:
Now we add radio sight to sound. It is with a feeling of humbleness that I come to the
moment of announcing the birth in this country of a new art so important in its
implications that it is bound to affect all society. It is an art which shines like a torch in a
troubled world. It is a creative force which we must learn to utilize for the benefit of all
mankind (Dreher 146). print source with author
Sarnoff ‘s vision had finally become a reality and RCA could shift its focus away from radio and toward
commercial television. “He saw television as an invention 'about ready' to take its place beside radio as a feature
in every home" (Barnow A History of Broadcasting 42).
two sources by same author
In 1939 RCA started to sell TV sets, ranging in price from $200 to $600. The first TV sets sold by RCA
were available in five and nine-inch screens. The advent of World War Two in September 1939, however, brought
these exciting developments to a near halt. Electronics companies began to shift emphasis away from commercial
television and toward military technologies (Gordon).
online source with author
th
This guide follows the format of Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7 ed. New York: MLA, 2009. Print.
(All images are Microsoft clip art unless cited in the citation example the image illustrates.)
GHS Media Center 6/11
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