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Course: CHDV 100
Instructor: R. Barrett
Week 14 Chapter 15: Adolescent Cognitive Development
Hallmarks of Adolescent Thinking
Basic skills of thinking, learning, remembering continue to develop.
______________attention and ______________improve.
_________ ______________thought develops.
__________________thought—capacity to think in terms of possibility
rather than only in terms of reality.
Reasoning Skills Improve
________________ reasoning—reasoning from general principles to
particular results: from cause to effect.
__________________reasoning—reasoning from a detailed facts to
general principles: from effect to cause
Language Development
Vocabulary- continues to grow; average 18 year old knows ____________words
uses terms to express logical relations;
enjoys and uses irony, puns, and metaphors
Characteristics of Formal Operational Thinking ( Ask me about this in class)
Abstract:________________________________________________________
Ideal:___________________________________________________________
Logical:_________________________________________________________
Formal Operational Thought
Piaget summarized that this stage involves five
major aspects:
1, ____________________: thinking about thought
2. ___________________thinking: going beyond the real to what
is possible
3. ____________________thinking: being able to consider all
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Course: CHDV 100
Instructor: R. Barrett
important facts and ideas
4. ____________ ______________: ability to form correct
conclusions
5. __________ ________________: testing hpothesis
Do adolescents actually attain formal operational thought?
Approximately _______% of adults attain full formal operations
Straham (1983) – only 1 in 3 8th graders in formal operations
Kuhn (1979) – A significant proportion of general adolescent
population __________attains formal operational thought
Potential Implications of Formal Operational Thought
______________because of new-found ability to question.
_________________because of ability to detect inconsistencies & flaws
in the world.
_____________because of the ability to imagine perfectly logical
solutions to world problems that are difficult to implement in our imperfect
real world.
Postformal Thought
Premis: Cognitive development is _______ _____________at
adolescence
Components of post-formal thought:
1) Relativism--knowledge is _____ _______________
2) Acceptance of _______________--embraces incompatible emotions
3) _________________--synthesize apparent conflicts into a more
coherent whole
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Course: CHDV 100
Instructor: R. Barrett
Egocentrism
Adolescent egocentrism—regard self as more __________
______________than he or she actually is.
Invincibility fable—believe they are _____________to common dangers.
Personal fable—believe lives are unique or__________________.
Imaginary audience—believe _______________are intensely interested in
them, their beh., their appearance.
Egocentrism conti.
Imaginary Audience
Extreme _________consciousness
Acting as though they are on _____________; everyone is ______________
Preoccupied with anticipated ____________of other people
Intuitive Thinking
Intuitive thought is the appearance in __________ _____ __ _________or
thought without ________ _____________thought leading up to it.
Types: 1. Intuitive ____________
2. Intuitive _______________
Summary of Adolescent Cognitive Abilities
Better than children at maintaining ___________and also at
____________ and shifting _______________.
More effective in using ______________for managing information
processes
Better and skillful use of _______ __________memory that
accounts for superiority in problem-solving
Employ _____________on a regular basis which results in
effortless processing of information
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Course: CHDV 100
Instructor: R. Barrett
Better decision-makers because they are often able to consider
more ____________, different ___________and anticipate
__________of decisions
Education & Adolescents
Controversy Surrounding Secondary Schools:
This century has seen schools playing prominent role in lives of
adolescents
Laws exclude teens from work & ____________attendance at school
passed by every state
Experts believe that junior & senior high schools actually contribute to
alienation & delinquency
Transition to Middle & Junior High School
Junior high school served as transition to high school which was grades
10–12
Later - middle schools were adopted
When students make transition from elementary to middle or junior high
school - they experience ____________ ______________________
Degree of Person-Environment Fit
The degree to which an environment, family and peer group ____________ the
growth of an individual.”
Needs
1. Develop A
2.__________
Personal________
Independence
3. Form _____&
4. Plan for ________
___________System
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Course: CHDV 100
Instructor: R. Barrett
Effective Schools for Adolescents
Adoption of _______ ___________to fit physical, cognitive & social
development of its students
Curriculum structure flexible in time & content
Programs for health and fitness
Emphasize importance of creating ________ ____________environment
Smaller class size to lessen ________ _____________of large high
schools
Lower student-to-______________ ratios
Parental & community ___________________ in school
High School Dropouts
___________in number of students dropping out of high; _________most
impacted with high school graduation rates:
Latinos 63%
African-Americans 76%
Differences in dropout rates among ethnic groups related to
_______background, especially ______________status, lack of parental
_____________ & _____________& low parental __________________
Sociohistorical Context of Adolescent Work
National survey of 17,000 high school students- 3 out of 4 reported some
job income during average school week with income exceeding $50 per
week for 41% males & 30% females
1940 only 1of 25 10th graders had part-time job
Jobs for Teens: 17% fast-food restaurants, 20% cashiers in retail stores,
10% unskilled laborers 10% clerical assistants
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Course: CHDV 100
Instructor: R. Barrett
Working Adolescents
Benefits to work for Adolescents:
Money ______________t
Time budgets
Pride in accomplishments
Important skills about how to ________& _______ __ __________
Drawbacks to work:
___________grade point averages
Poor school _______________
Decreased ______________ with school
Less time with their families, extracurricular activities
Potential increased risk of drug use: alcohol and marijuana
Unwanted Pregnancy
Teenagers today actually have fewer pregnancies than teens 35 years
ago.
43 births per 1,000 females 15-19 yrs. (2002)
One in every _______men fathers a child while he is a teenager
One in _______African-American teenagers and one is _____
Latina teenagers become pregnant each year.
Babies of teenagers: higher risk of ____________, low birthweight, etc.
Teenage parenthood slows and often stops _____________and
vocational____________, personal and social ____________
Other Risks
Most teenagers believe sex is only permissible with_________________.
Commitment may create own risks:
_____________personal growth,
Causing depression, or
Even causing suicide when such relationships end.
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Course: CHDV 100
Instructor: R. Barrett
Sexual Decision-Making
Lack of_____________, lack of ___________availability, but neither
account completely for high rates of STD’s and unwanted pregnancies.
Teens have difficulty _________ _________about sexual activities.
High-risk behaviors may increase___________.
Difficulty thinking through _________________
Protective Factors Against Pregnancy
____________to Caring Adults, Family
Recognition of Social Norms
Academic___________ & Career Goals
Religious Affiliation
Sexual Partner Supports Condom/Contraceptive ____________