Week: 2.1
Section Title: Taxonomy
Latin Root Word:
Review of Old Information: N/A
New Information: Taxonomy Notes
Name:
Activity:
Examine the sample cladogram, each letter on the diagram points to a derived character, or something
different (or newer) than what was seen in previous groups. Match the letter to its character. Note: this
cladogram was created for simplicity and understanding, it does not represent the established phylogeny
for insects and their relatives.
1. ______ Wings
2. ______ 6 Legs
3. ______ Segmented Body
4. ______ Double set of wings
5. ______ Jumping Legs
6. ______ Crushing mouthparts
7. ______ Legs
8. ______ Curly Antennae
Create a cladogram charting the evolutionary history of the vehicles listed below. The name of each vehicle should be placed at the end
of each branch. Identify characteristics shared in common between the vehicles and place them in the areas indicated.
Car
Horse-drawn Cart
Plane
Space Shuttle
Synapomorphies
Space Shuttle
Cladograms
Fill in the cladogram below labeling each of the branches with the animals and the black dots with
the characteristics from the table below. HINT: use cladogram from Section 1.1 for help.
Notochord
Vertebrae
Feathers
Tetrapod (4
feet)
Hair
Mammary
Glands
(produce
milk)
Amniotic
Egg
Bird
Fish
Frog
Lizard
Mouse
Shark
Human
TOTAL Xʼs
Create Your Own Cladogram
To make a cladogram, you must first look at the animals you are studying and establish characteristics
that they share and ones that are unique to each group. For the animals on the table, indicate whether
the characteristic is present or not by placing an “X” in the box. The greater the total number of X’s, the
lower on the cladogram it should be placed. Based on that chart, create a cladogram like the one pictured
above.
Cells
Backbone
Legs
Hair
Slug
Catfish
Frog
Tiger
Human
TOTAL X’s
DRAWING OF YOUR CLADOGRAM
Week: 2.2
Name:
Section Title: Taxonomy-Dichotomous Key
Latin Root Word:
Review of Old Information: None
New Information:
List the present six-kingdom system and give examples of the organisms in each.
1)_________________________________________________________________________________
Opposable
Thumbs
2)_________________________________________________________________________________
3)_________________________________________________________________________________
4)_________________________________________________________________________________
5)_________________________________________________________________________________
6)__________________________________________________________________________________
List the three domains and the characteristics of each
1)__________________________________________________________________________________
2)__________________________________________________________________________________
3)________________________________________________________________________________
Dichotomous Key Notes
Activity: Dichotomous Key Activity
Dichotomous Key
1. Has pointed ears .................................... go to 3
Has rounded ears ....................................go to 2
2. Has no tail ............................................. Kentuckyus
Has tail .................................................. Dakotus
3. Ears point upward .................................... go to 5
Ears point downward ..............go to 4
4. Engages in waving behavior ............................. Dallus
Has hairy tufts on ears ..........................................Californius
5. Engages in waving behavior ............................. WalaWala
Does not engage in waving behavior ....................go to 6
6. Has hair on head ............................................. Beverlus
Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts) .......go to 7
7. Has a tail ............................................. Yorkio
Has no tail, aggressive ............................ Rajus
______________________
______________________
______________________
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Taxonomy, Classification, and Dichotomous Keys
Help! Scientists have discovered quite a few new creatures on planet Pamishan. They need your help to identify and classify
them. Use the dichotomous key on the next page to identify these creatures.
A Key to New Pamishan Creatures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
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a. The creature has a large wide head............................go to 2
b. The creature has a small narrow head..........................go to 11
a. It has 3 eyes ................................................go to 3
b. It has 2 eyes ................................................go to 7
a. There is a star in the middle of its chest....................go to 4
b. There is no star in the middle of its chest ..................go to 6
a. The creature has hair spikes .................................Broadus hairus
b. The creature has no hair spikes...............................go to 5
a. The bottom of the creature is arch-shaped ....................Broadus archus
b. The bottom of the creature is M-shaped .......................Broadus emmus
a. The creature has an arch-shaped bottom .......................Broadus plainus
b. The creature has an M-shaped bottom...........................Broadus tritops
a. The creature has hairy spikes ................................go to 8
b. The creature has no spikes....................................go to 10
a. There is a star in the middle of its body ....................Broadus hairystarus
b. The is no star in the middle of its body .....................go to 9
a. The creature has an arch shaped bottom .......................Broadus hairyemmus
b. The creature has an M shaped bottum ..........................Broadus kiferus
a. The body is symmetrical ......................................Broadus walter
b. The body is not symmetrical...................................Broadus anderson
a. The creatrue has no antennae .................................go to 12
b. The creature has antennae ....................................go to 14
a. There are spikes on the face .................................Narrowus wolfus
b. There are no spikes on the face ..............................go to 13
a. The creature has no spike anywhere ...........................Narrowus blankus
b. There are spikes on the right leg ............................Narrowus starboardus
a. The creature has 2 eyes.......................................go to 15
b. The creature has 1 eye........................................Narrowus cyclops
a. The creature has a mouth......................................go to 16
b. The creature has no mouth.....................................go to 17
a. There are spikes on the left leg .............................Narrowus portus
b. There are no spikes at all ...................................Narrowus plainus
a. The creature has spikes ......................................go to 18
b. The creature has no spikes ...................................Narrowus georginia
a. There are spikes on the head .................................go to 19
b. There are spikes on the right leg.............................Narrowus montanian
a. There are spikes covering the face ...........................Narrowus beardus
b. There are spikes only on the outside edge of head ............Narrowus fuzzus
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Week: 2.3
Name:
Section Title: Classification and Dichotomous Keys
Latin Root Word:
Review of Old Information:
None
New Information:
When studying taxonomy, biologists will often have to use guides to help them classify and group
newly discovered organisms based off of their characteristics. These guides are referred to as dichotomous
keys. Complete the activity on the attached pages to help develop the skills related to using a
dichotomous key. You will likely use them later this quarter as we work with protists
Activity:
SEE ATTACHED PAGES
Review Questions
1. The scientist known as the “father of taxonomy” was
a. Linnaeus.
b. Aristotle
c. Darwin.
D. Taxonomus
2. Which taxon is missing from the sequence below? kingdom - phylum - ___?__ - order - family
a. superfamily
c. genus
b. domain
d. class
3. Lions have the scientific name Panthera leo. What genus do lions belong to?
a. leo
c. Catus
b. Panthera
d. Carnivora
4. Which two species in the cladogram below shared the most derived characteristics and thus share the most recent
common ancestor?
a. species A and B
b. species B and C
Species D
c. species C and D
Species C
d. species A and D
Species B
Species A
5. How many clades are represented by the cladogram in question 2?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
6. An example of a derived trait in birds is
a. eyes.
c. feathers.
b. lungs.
d. legs.
7. What do cladograms use to characterize animals?
a. Evolutionary history
b. Derived traits
c. Morphology
d. Taxonomy
8. Most multicellular, eukaryotic autotrophs that carry on photosynthesis belong to the kingdom’
a. Animalia
b. Plantae
9. The name Homo sapien is an example of using which labeling system?
a. taxonomy
b. systematics
c. phylogeny
d. binomial nomenclature
10. A heterotrophic eukaryote associated with the decomposition of dead organisms belongs to the kingdom
a. Fungi
b. Protista
c. Animalia
d. Eubacteria
11. One of the earliest systems of classification was created by _____, where animals were into land, air, and water
dwellers and plants were classified by their stems.
a. Linneus
b. Darwin
c. Aristotle
d. Schwann
12. The dog, Canis familiaris, and the wolf, Canis lupus, share the same _____, but not the same _____.
a. Species, Genus
b. Species, Kingdom
c. Kingdom, Species
d. Kingdom, Genus
Match the vocabulary term with the correct definition
____ 15. Kingdom Archaebacteria
a. Heterotrophs that are decomposers in nature
____ 16. Kingdom Eubacteria
b. The kingdom we belong to
____ 17. Kingdom Fungi
c. Prokaryotic cells that live in harsh environments
____ 18. Kingdom Plantae
d. Prokaryotic cells that affect our everyday lives
____ 19. Kingdom Animalia
e. Autotrophs that use photosynthesis for energy
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