AP Biology Required Summer Work
During the summer you will be working on and completing the Ecology portion of the AP Bio class.
This will assist us in being able to cover all the necessary information prior to the AP exam and
also give you an opportunity to experience the level of academics necessary to complete this
course successfully.
What you will need to complete the summer work:
1) You will need to check out a copy of the AP Biology text from the library prior to summer.
Please do this promptly.
2) I will be sending all students the following files to assist you in completing your summer
work: AP Bio Vocab.pdf; Ch52-56.pdf; & Ch52-56GuidedReading.pdf
AP Bio Vocabulary:
1) AP Bio Vocab.pdf is a list of all the important vocabulary words for each chapter.
Unfortunately, this list correlates to the seventh edition of the textbook, while we are
using the eighth, so some of the chapters are slightly off. For the summer ecology
assignment, you should know the terms from Ch. 50, 52-54 from this list. These are the
same bolded terms you will find in the reading packet for Ch. 52-56.
2) You need to make vocabulary cards for each terms. You will need to know the definitions,
an example, possibly the associated experiment, and how they relate to other terms. I
know that this may seem like busy work, but when you look at the sheer number of terms
you need to know by the AP exam, you will thank me.
AP Bio Reading Packet:
1) Ch52-56.pdf is the reading packet. These are the condensed forms of the actual
chapters in the book. You should read them with the Campbell text open at the same time,
and examine the diagrams/charts/graphs to support the description in the packet.
2) As you read, answer the interactive questions to be sure you are understanding the
material.
3) At the end of the chapter, you will find the “Test Your Knowledge” multiple choice
questions. These are meant to be answered WITH THE READING PACKET since they
focus on the details. You will turn in these answers as an assessment of your reading
comprehension. They are more difficult than the exam questions.
AP Bio Guided Reading
1) Ch52-56GuidedReading.pdf is the study packet. These are questions that you should be
able to answer WITHOUT THE READING PACKET since they are broader and discuss the
themes and major concepts. You know that you are adequately prepared for the test if you
can answer these questions without consulting your notes.
When School Starts
1) To Turn in on the first day of school
 Flashcards
 Test your knowledge questions
 Guided Reading Packet
2) There will be a test on the material the first day that we have a full day of class.
You will find that there are many things I will recommend, but will not grade, and it is up to you to
decide how committed you are to success. Because AP Biology is a college-level course, I expect
you to manage yourselves with maturity – that means no busy work, no hand-holding, and no spoonfeeding. However, I promise I will do everything I can to help you succeed both on the AP Exam
and in preparation for actual college courses in the future. This class will be one of the hardest
you’ll ever take in high school, but at the end of it you will know immensely more than you did
about how the world works. Hopefully, you will have a greater appreciation for God’s marvelous
creation.
For I know the plans I have for you," declares the LORD, "plans to prosper you and
not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.
Jeremiah 29:11
AP BIOLOGY VOCABULARY
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 4
anion
atomic mass
atomic number
cation
chemical equilibrium
covalent bond
electronegativity
hydrogen bond
ionic bond
isotope
mass number
orbital
trace element
valence
valence electron
van der Waals interaction
alcohol
amino group
carbonyl group
carboxyl group
enantiomer
functional group
hydroxyl group
isomer
organic chemistry
phosphate group
sulfhydryl group
CHAPTER 3
acid
adhesion
aqueous solution
base
buffer
cohesion
heat
heat of vaporization
hydration shell
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
molarity
mole
molecular mass
pH
solution
specific heat
surface tension
temperature
CHAPTER 5
helix
pleated sheet
amino acid
antiparallel
carbohydrate
cellulose
chaperonin
chitin
cholesterol
condensation reaction
conformation
denaturation
deoxyribose
fatty acid
gene
glycogen
hydrolysis
hydrophobic interaction
lipid
macromolecule
nucleic acid
nucleotide
peptide bond
phospholipid
polymer
polypeptide
primary structure
protein
purine
pyrimidine
quaternary structure
ribose
saturated fatty acid
secondary structure
starch
steroid
tertiary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
X-ray crystallography
CHAPTER 6
cell wall
centriole
centrosome
chloroplast
chromatin
chromosome
cilia
collagen
cristae
cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
cytosol
endomembrane system
endoplasmic reticulum
eukaryotic cell
extracellular matrix
flagella
glycoprotein
Golgi apparatus
grana
intermediate filament
lysosome
microfilament
microtubule
mitochondria
mitochondrial matrix
nuclear lamina
nucleoid
nucleolus
organelle
peroxisome
phagocytosis
plasma membrane
plasmodesmata
CHAPTER 6 (cont.)
plastid
prokaryotic cell
ribosome
stroma
thylakoid
transport vesicle
feedback inhibition
free energy
kinetic energy
metabolism
noncompetitive inhibitor
potential energy
substrate
photosystem II
rubisco
spectrophotometer
stomata
wavelength
CHAPTER 9
cyclic AMP (cAMP)
G protein
hormone
local regulator
protein kinase
protein phosphatase
second messenger
signal transduction pathway
CHAPTER 7
active transport
amphipathic
concentration gradient
diffusion
electrochemical gradient
endocytosis
exocytosis
facilitated diffusion
flaccid
fluid mosaic model
hypertonic
hypotonic
integral protein
ion channel
isotonic
ligand
membrane potential
osmoregulation
osmosis
passive transport
peripheral protein
plasmolysis
selective permeability
tonicity
turgid
CHAPTER 8
activation energy
active site
allosteric regulation
anabolic pathway
catabolic pathway
catalyst
coenzyme
cofactor
competitive inhibitor
endergonic reaction
energy coupling
entropy
enzyme
exergonic reaction
acetyl CoA
aerobic
alcohol fermentation
anaerobic
cellular respiration
chemiosmosis
citric acid cycle
electron transport chain
facultative anaerobe
fermentation
glycolysis
lactic acid fermentation
NAD+
oxidation
oxidative phosphorylation
oxidizing agent
redox reaction
reducing agent
reduction
substrate-level phosphorylation
CHAPTER 10
absorption spectrum
autotroph
C3 plant
C4 plant
Calvin cycle
CAM plant
carbon fixation
carotenoid
chlorophyll
cyclic electron flow
electromagnetic spectrum
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
heterotroph
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
light reactions
NADP+
noncyclic electron flow
photon
photosystem I
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 12
anaphase
benign tumor
binary fission
cell cycle
cell plate
cleavage furrow
cyclin
cytokinesis
G0 phase
G1 phase
G2 phase
gamete
genome
growth factor
interphase
kinetochore
malignant tumor
meiosis
metaphase
metaphase plate
metastasis
mitosis
mitotic phase
mitotic spindle
origin of replication
prometaphase
prophase
S phase
sister chromatids
somatic cell
telophase
transformation
CHAPTER 13
CHAPTER 15
alternation of generations
autosome
chiasmata
clone
crossing over
diploid cell
fertilization
gametophyte
genetics
haploid cell
heredity
homologous chromosomes
karyotype
locus
recombinant chromosome
sex chromosome
spore
sporophyte
synapsis
tetrad
variation
zygote
aneuploidy
Barr body
deletion
duplication
genetic map
genetic recombination
genomic imprinting
linkage map
linked gene
monosomic
nondisjunction
polyploidy
sex-linked gene
trisomic
wild type
CHAPTER 14
allele
amniocentesis
carrier
character
codominance
complete dominance
dihybrid
epistasis
F1 generation
F2 generation
genotype
heterozygous
homozygous
hybridization
incomplete dominance
law of independent assortment
law of segregation
monohybrid
P generation
pedigree
phenotype
pleiotropy
polygenic inheritance
quantitative character
testcross
trait
P site
point mutation
polyribosome
primary transcript
promoter
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
ribozyme
RNA polymerase
RNA processing
RNA splicing
spliceosome
template strand
transcription
transcription factor
transcription unit
transfer RNA (tRNA)
translation
triplet code
CHAPTER 16
CHAPTER 18
bacteriophage
DNA ligase
DNA polymerase
helicase
lagging strand
leading strand
mismatch repair
nuclease
nucleotide excision repair
Okazaki fragment
origin of replication
primase
primer
replication fork
telomere
transformation
CHAPTER 17
A site
alternative RNA splicing
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
anticodon
codon
E site
exon
frameshift mutation
intron
messenger RNA (mRNA)
missense mutation
mutagen
mutation
nonsense mutation
capsid
conjugation
episome
host range
lysogenic cycle
lytic cycle
operator
operon
plasmid
prion
prophage
provirus
regulatory gene
repressor
retrovirus
reverse transcriptase
transduction
transformation
transposon
vaccine
viral envelope
CHAPTER 19
activator
cell differentiation
control element
differential gene expression
enhancer
euchromatin
heterochromatin
histone
CHAPTER 19 (cont.)
CHAPTER 23
multigene family
nucleosome
oncogene
proteasome
proto-oncogene
repetitive DNA
tumor-suppressor gene
bottleneck effect
cline
directional selection
disruptive selection
founder effect
gene flow
gene pool
genetic drift
geographical variation
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
heterozygote advantage
microevolution
neutral variation
phenotypic polymorphism
population
population genetics
relative fitness
sexual dimorphism
sexual selection
stabilizing selection
CHAPTER 20
biotechnology
cloning vector
complementary DNA (cDNA)
DNA fingerprint
DNA microarray assay
expression vector
gel electrophoresis
gene cloning
gene therapy
genetic engineering
Human Genome Project
nucleic acid hybridization
nucleic acid probe
polymerase chain reaction
recombinant DNA
restriction enzyme
restriction fragment
restriction site
single nucleotide polymorphism
sticky end
Ti plasmid
transgenic
CHAPTER 22
artificial selection
biogeography
descent with modification
endemic
evolution
evolutionary adaptation
fossil
homologous structure
homology
natural selection
paleontology
sedimentary rock
taxonomy
vestigial organ
CHAPTER 24
adaptive radiation
allopatric speciation
biological species concept
homeotic gene
macroevolution
paedomorphosis
punctuated equilibrium
speciation
species
species selection
sympatric speciation
CHAPTER 25
analogy
binomial
clade
cladistics
cladogram
class
domain
family
fossil record
genus
homoplasy
kingdom
molecular clock
molecular systematics
monophyletic
order
paraphyletic
phylogenetic tree
phylogeny
phylum
polyphyletic
specific epithet
systematics
taxon
taxonomy
CHAPTER 26
half-life
magnetic reversal
Pangaea
protobiont
radiometric dating
serial endosymbiosis
stromatolite
CHAPTER 27
anaerobic respiration
antibiotic
biofilm
bioremediation
chemoautotroph
chemoheterotroph
commensalism
cyanobacteria
decomposer
endospore
endotoxin
exotoxin
extreme halophile
extreme thermophile
facultative anaerobe
Gram stain
host
mutualism
nitrogen fixation
obligate aerobe
obligate anaerobe
parasite
parasitism
peptidoglycan
photoautotroph
photoheterotroph
symbiont
symbiosis
taxis
CHAPTER 29
angiosperm
bryophyte
cuticle
gametophyte
gymnosperm
lignin
lycophyte
moss
peat
phloem
pterophyte
seed
sorus
spore
sporophyte
sporopollenin
stomata
vascular tissue
xylem
CHAPTER 30
anther
carpel
conifer
cotyledon
cross-pollination
double fertilization
endosperm
filament
flower
fruit
ovary
ovule
Petal
pollen grain
Pollination
Sepal
Stamen
Stigma
Style
mycorrhizae
mycosis
pheromone
yeast
CHAPTER 32
acoelomate
anterior
archenteron
bilateral symmetry
bilaterian
blastopore
blastula
Cambrian explosion
cephalization
cleavage
coelom
coelomate
determinate cleavage
deuterostome development
diploblastic
dorsal
ectoderm
endoderm
eumetazoan
gastrula
gastrulation
germ layer
indeterminate cleavage
larva
mesoderm
metamorphosis
parazoan
posterior
protostome development
pseudocoelomate
radial cleavage
radial symmetry
spiral cleavage
triploblastic
ventral
CHAPTER 33
CHAPTER 31
Chitin
Exoenzyme
Haustoria
Hyphae
Lichen
Mold
Mycelium
alimentary canal
complete metamorphosis
entomology
exoskeleton
gastrovascular cavity
hermaphrodite
incomplete metamorphosis
invertebrate
medusa
molting
parthenogenesis
Phylum Annelida
Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Chordata
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Nematoda
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Porifera
polyp
suspension feeder
trilobite
CHAPTER 34
amniote
cloaca
ectothermic
endothermic
eutherian
extraembryonic membrane
lateral line system
marsupial
monotreme
notochord
operculum
oviparous
ovoviviparous
placenta
placoderm
swim bladder
tetrapod
vertebrate
viviparous
CHAPTER 35
annual
apical dominance
apical meristem
axillary bud
bark
biennial
blade
cork cambium
cortex
cuticle
dermal tissue system
determinate growth
fibrous root system
ground tissue system
CHAPTER 35 (cont.)
CHAPTER 37
guard cell
heartwood
herbaceous
indeterminate growth
internode
lateral meristem
lateral root
leaf
meristem
mesophyll
morphogenesis
morphology
node
perennial
petiole
phloem
pith
primary growth
root
root cap
root hair
root system
sapwood
secondary growth
shoot system
stem
stomata
taproot system
terminal bud
vascular cambium
vascular tissue system
vein
xylem
horizon
humus
hydroponic culture
loam
macronutrient
micronutrient
nitrogen fixation
nodule
phytoremediation
topsoil
CHAPTER 36
Casparian strip
chemiosmosis
circadian rhythm
cotransport
guttation
membrane potential
mycorrhizae
osmotic potential
plasmolyze
root pressure
sugar sink
sugar source
translocation
transpiration
turgid
turgor pressure
water potential
ethylene
gibberellin
gravitropism
heat-shock protein
long-day plant
photoperiodism
phototropism
short-day plant
statolith
thigmomorphogenesis
thigmotropism
tropism
virulent
CHAPTER 38
CHAPTER 40
aggregate fruit
anther
asexual reproduction
carpel
complete flower
dioecious
dormancy
double fertilization
endosperm
fragmentation
fruit
imbibition
incomplete flower
inflorescence
megaspore
microspore
monoecious
multiple fruit
ovary
ovule
petal
pistil
radicle
receptacle
seed coat
self-incompatibility
sepal
simple fruit
stamen
stigma
style
vegetative reproduction
abdominal cavity
anatomy
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
columnar
connective tissue
cuboidal
epithelial tissue
estivation
hibernation
homeostasis
integumentary system
interstitial fluid
macrophage
metabolic rate
mucous membrane
muscle tissue
negative feedback
nervous tissue
organ
organ system
physiology
positive feedback
simple epithelium
squamous
stratified epithelium
thermoregulation
thoracic cavity
torpor
vasoconstriction
vasodilation
CHAPTER 39
CHAPTER 41
abiotic
abscisic acid
auxin
avirulent
biotic
day-neutral plant
absorption
appendix
bile
bolus
bulk feeder
CHAPTER 41 (cont.)
carnivore
colon
digestion
duodenum
elimination
enzymatic hydrolysis
esophagus
essential nutrient
extracellular digestion
feces
fluid feeder
gallbladder
gastrovascular cavity
herbivore
ingestion
intracellular digestion
liver
malnourished
microvilli
mineral
omnivore
oral cavity
pancreas
pepsin
peristalsis
pharynx
rectum
ruminant
salivary amylase
salivary gland
small intestine
stomach
substrate feeder
suspension feeder
undernourishment
villi
vitamin
CHAPTER 42
alveoli
arteriole
artery
atherosclerosis
atrioventricular (AV) node
atrium
blood
blood pressure
bronchi
bronchioles
capillary
capillary bed
cardiac cycle
cardiac output
cardiovascular system
closed circulatory system
countercurrent exchange
diaphragm
diastole
electrocardiogram (EKG)
erythrocyte
heart attack
heart rate
hemoglobin
hemolymph
hypertension
leukocyte
lung
lymph
lymph node
lymphatic system
negative pressure breathing
open circulatory system
partial pressure
plasma
platelets
positive pressure breathing
pulmonary circuit
pulse
residual volume
sinoatrial (SA) node
stem cell
stroke
stroke volume
systemic circuit
systole
thrombus
tidal volume
trachea
tracheal system
vein
ventilation
ventricle
venule
vital capacity
vocal cord
CHAPTER 43
acquired immunity
active immunity
anaphylactic shock
antibodies
antigen
apoptosis
autoimmune disease
B lymphocytes
cell-mediated immune
response
clonal selection
histamine
humoral immune response
immunization
immunoglobulins
inflammatory response
innate immunity
lysozyme
macrophage
memory cells
passive immunity
phagocytosis
primary immune response
secondary immune response
T lymphocytes
vaccination
CHAPTER 44
Bowman’s capsule
excretion
filtration
glomerulus
metanephridia
nephron
osmoconformer
osmolarity
osmoregulation
osmoregulator
renal artery
renal vein
secretion
urea
ureter
urethra
uric acid
urinary bladder
CHAPTER 45
adrenal gland
androgen
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
calcitonin
catecholamines
Diabetes mellitus
endocrine gland
endorphin
epinephrine
estrogen
CHAPTER 45 (cont.)
glucagon
gonadotropin
growth factor
growth hormone
hormone
hypothalamus
insulin
melatonin
neurosecretory cell
norepinephrine
oxytocin
pituitary gland
prolactin
prostaglandin
signal transduction pathway
testosterone
tropic hormone
CHAPTER 46
budding
cervix
cloaca
conception
estrous cycle
estrus
fetus
fission
follicle
fragmentation
gestation
gonad
hermaphroditism
in vitro fertilization
menopause
menstrual cycle
menstruation
oogenesis
organogenesis
ovary
oviduct
ovulation
ovum
parthenogenesis
parturition
penis
pheromone
placenta
prostate gland
regeneration
semen
seminal vesicle
spermatogenesis
testes
urethra
uterus
vagina
motor unit
skeletal muscle
sliding-filament model
smooth muscle
CHAPTER 48
CHAPTER 50
acetylcholine
action potential
autonomic nervous system
axon
brainstem
cell body
central nervous system (CNS)
cerebellum
cerebrospinal fluid
cerebrum
corpus callosum
dendrite
depolarization
effector cell
endorphin
epithalamus
hyperpolarization
hypothalamus
interneuron
medulla oblongata
membrane potential
motor neuron
myelin sheath
nerve
neuron
neurotransmitter
parasympathetic division
peripheral nervous system
pons
reflex
resting potential
saltatory conduction
sensory neuron
somatic nervous system
sympathetic division
synapse
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicle
thalamus
CHAPTER 49
cardiac muscle
endoskeleton
exoskeleton
hydrostatic skeleton
intercalated disks
locomotion
abyssal
aphotic zone
benthic zone
benthos
biome
biosphere
canopy
chaparral
climate
community
community ecology
deep-sea hydrothermal vent
detritus
dispersal
ecology
ecosystem
ecosystem ecology
ecotone
estuary
eutrophic lake
intertidal zone
landscape ecology
limnetic zone
littoral zone
neritic
oligotrophic lake
organismal ecology
patchiness
permafrost
photic zone
population
population ecology
savanna
thermocline
tundra
turnover
CHAPTER 51
agonistic behavior
altruism
associative learning
behavior
behavioral ecology
classical conditioning
coefficient of relatedness
cognition
cognitive ethology
cognitive map
CHAPTER 51 (cont.)
communication
culture
ethology
fixed action pattern (FAP)
foraging
habituation
imprinting
inclusive fitness
innate behavior
kinesis
kin selection
learning
monogamous
operant conditioning
optimal foraging theory
pheromone
polyandry
polygamous
polygyny
promiscuous
reciprocal altruism
sensitive period
signal
sign stimulus
social learning
sociobiology
taxis
CHAPTER 52
age structure
carrying capacity
cohort
demography
density
dispersion
ecological capacity
ecological footprint
emigration
exponential population growth
immigration
infant mortality
iteroparity
K-selection
life history
life table
logistic population growth
mark-recapture method
metapopulation
population dynamics
r-selection
reproductive table
semelparity
survivorship curve
territoriality
zero population growth
CHAPTER 53
aposematic coloration
Batesian mimicry
biomass
character displacement
coevolution
commensalism
competitive exclusion
cryptic coloration
dominant species
dynamic stability hypothesis
ecological niche
ecological succession
energetic hypothesis
evapotranspiration
food chain
food web
herbivory
host
individualistic hypothesis
integrated hypothesis
intermediate disturbance
hypothesis
interspecific competition
interspecific interaction
invasive species
keystone species
Mullerian mimicry
mutualism
nonequilibrium model
parasite
parasitism
parasitoidism
pathogen
predation
primary succession
resource partitioning
redundancy model
rivet model
secondary succession
species diversity
species richness
trophic structure
CHAPTER 54
biogeochemical cycle
biological magnification
detritivore
detritus
eutrophication
greenhouse effect
green world hypothesis
gross primary production
limiting nutrient
net primary production
primary consumer
primary producer
primary production
production efficiency
secondary consumer
secondary production
tertiary consumer
trophic efficiency
turnover time